States of Matter and Phase Changes Quiz

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What is the process called when a gas changes directly into a solid?

Condensation
Melting
Sublimation (correct)
Freezing

All materials have the same melting and boiling points.

False (B)

What causes glaciers to retreat?

Increased snowfall
Decreased rainfall
Earthquakes
Global warming (correct)

What is the name of the graph that shows the temperature changes as a substance releases thermal energy?

cooling graph Signup and view all the answers

The change of a liquid into a solid is called ______.

freezing Signup and view all the answers

In a solid, particles can easily slide past each other.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three physical states of matter?

solid, liquid, and gas Signup and view all the answers

What does the y-axis (vertical axis) represent in both heating and cooling graphs?

Temperature (B) Signup and view all the answers

Condensation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

The Athabasca glacier has retreated over 1.5 km in the last ______ years.

120 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ice cubes when they are left in the freezer for a long period of time due to sublimation?

They become smaller Signup and view all the answers

Match the state of matter with the description of its particles:

Solid = Particles vibrate in fixed positions Liquid = Particles can move past each other Gas = Particles move freely in all directions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Condensation = Change of a gas into a liquid Freezing = Change of a liquid into a solid Sublimation = Change of a solid directly into a gas Melting = Change of a solid into a liquid Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of liquids allows them to flow and pour?

The ability of particles to slide past each other (C) Signup and view all the answers

Glacier retreat is caused by decreased rainfall.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

When ice melts into liquid water, this liquid water flows away from the glacier forming rivers, lakes, and streams that make their way to the ______.

oceans Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water molecules as the temperature decreases?

They move slower and form a more organized structure. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen atoms in a water molecule have a small negative charge.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do water molecules attract each other?

Opposite charges are attracted to one another. Signup and view all the answers

At temperatures above 4 °C, water molecules are relatively ______.

disorganized Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason water expands when it freezes?

The more organized structure of ice takes up more space. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Freezing water causes less pressure on pipes.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of expanding water when it freezes?

Pipes can break. Signup and view all the answers

Match the temperature with the state of water molecules:

Above 4°C = Molecules are relatively disorganized Below 4°C = Molecules become more organized Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature of a substance during melting?

The temperature remains constant. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The boiling point and the condensation point of a substance are different temperatures.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is transformed when a substance melts, boils, freezes or condenses?

potential energy Signup and view all the answers

Thermal energy absorbed or released during a change of state is called ______ heat.

latent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phase changes with whether they require a substance's particles to absorb or release thermal energy:

Melting = Absorb thermal energy Freezing = Release thermal energy Boiling = Absorb thermal energy Condensation = Release thermal energy Signup and view all the answers

Why does the temperature of a substance not change during melting?

Because the absorbed thermal energy is used to break bonds, resulting in a change in potential energy, not kinetic energy. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During condensation, thermal energy is absorbed by the substance.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature do melting and freezing occur for water?

0 °C Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the refrigerant's pressure as it moves through the expansion valve?

The pressure decreases. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A bimetallic strip expands and contracts at the same rate on both sides when heated or cooled.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of metal is used inside a mercury switch?

liquid metal Signup and view all the answers

When the mercury in a thermostat touches two bare wires, it creates a ______ circuit.

closed Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their function within a thermostat:

Bimetallic Strip = Senses temperature changes Mercury Switch = Completes an electrical circuit Expansion Valve = Reduces pressure in refrigerant Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mercury in a thermostat?

To conduct electricity and complete a circuit. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The most common methods of heating involve renewable energy sources.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What part of a traditional thermostat senses the ambient temperature?

bimetallic strip Signup and view all the answers

In a geothermal system, how is thermal energy initially transferred from the ground to the pipes?

Conduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a geothermal system, the refrigerant changes into a solid when thermal energy is transferred to it.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a geothermal system during the winter, what substance carries thermal energy from the pipes in the ground to the heat pump inside the building?

antifreeze-water mixture Signup and view all the answers

Inside the heat pump, thermal energy from the antifreeze-water mixture is transferred to the _______, changing it into a gas.

refrigerant Signup and view all the answers

In a geothermal system, how is thermal energy transferred from the pipe to the antifreeze-water mixture?

Convection (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of a geothermal system with their descriptions:

Ground to pipes = Thermal energy transfer via conduction. Pipes to liquid = Thermal energy transfer via convection. Liquid to refrigerant = Thermal energy transferred causing a phase change Refrigerant to air = Thermal energy transfer inside the building Signup and view all the answers

During the summer, thermal energy is transferred from the ground to the building in a geothermal system.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fluid is used in the heat pump to facilitate thermal energy transfer and phase changes?

refrigerant Signup and view all the answers

Glacier

A large mass of ice and snow that moves slowly over land.

Glacier Retreat

The process of a glacier shrinking in size.