States of Matter and Particle Theory

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Questions and Answers

What are the three main states of matter?

Solid, gas, Bose-Einstein condensate

Solid, liquid, gas (correct)

Solid, liquid, plasma

Liquid, gas, plasma

What is the physical change of a solid into a liquid by the addition of energy as heat?

Freezing

Condensation

Sublimation

Melting (correct)

What are the four states of matter, including plasma?

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma (correct)

Liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate

Solid, liquid, gas, Bose-Einstein condensate

Solid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate

Which of the following is NOT a physical property of matter?

Flammability Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles are cooled to near absolute zero?

Bose-Einstein condensate Signup and view all the answers

A physical change alters the composition of a substance.

False Signup and view all the answers

A chemical change involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the main evidences of a chemical change?

Change in color, odor, or taste, release of gas Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.

A physical change alters the appearance or form of a substance but doesn't change its chemical composition, while a chemical change involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following changes in state of matter with their descriptions:

Melting = The change of a solid into a liquid by the addition of energy as heat. Freezing = The change of a liquid into a solid as heat is removed Evaporation = The change of a substance from a liquid into a gas by addition of energy as heat. Condensation = The change of state from a gas into a liquid as heat is removed. Sublimation = The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas by the addition of energy as heat. Deposition = The process in which a gas changes directly into a solid as heat is removed. Signup and view all the answers

The particles in a solid are widely separated and move freely.

False Signup and view all the answers

The particles in a liquid are loosely packed and can move around.

True Signup and view all the answers

The particles in plasma are charged and move freely.

True Signup and view all the answers

Plasma is considered the rarest state of matter naturally found on Earth.

True Signup and view all the answers

Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter that is extremely hot.

False Signup and view all the answers

A physical property can be observed without changing the composition of a substance.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a chemical property?

Melting point Signup and view all the answers

A chemical change is always irreversible.

False Signup and view all the answers

Give three examples of physical changes.

Breaking a glass, melting ice, freezing water Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

States of Matter

Matter exists in five states: solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It can be living or non-living.
Matter can be detected using the senses. It makes up everything in the world.
Scientists now study four states, including plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate, in addition to the familiar three.

Particle Theory of Matter

Matter is made of tiny particles.
These particles are in constant motion and are held together by attractive forces.
The movement of these particles (and the amount of space between them) depends on the amount of energy they possess.

Solid State

Solids have a definite shape and volume.
Particles in solids are tightly packed and arranged in a regular pattern.
This tight arrangement makes solids incompressible.
Solids have the lowest kinetic energy.
Solids contain more matter per unit volume, yielding high density.
Examples include a cup, shirt, book, eraser.

Liquid State

Liquids have a definite volume, but they take the shape of their container.
Particles in liquids are loosely packed and can move and slide past each other.
Liquids can assume the shape of their container.
Liquid particles have higher kinetic energy than those in solids.
Examples include maple syrup, shampoo, olive oil, orange juice.

Gaseous State

Gases have no definite volume and take the shape of their container.
Particles in a gas are widely separated.
Gas particles have the highest kinetic energy.
Gases readily fill all available space.
Gases are compressible.
Examples include helium in a balloon, steam from a kettle, argon in a tank, nitrogen in a tank.

Plasma State

Plasma has no definite volume or shape.
Plasma contains charged particles that are widely separated.

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter where separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero, coalesce.
These particles act as if they were one single atom, on a macroscopic scale.
Examples include lasers, neutron stars, and quantum computers.

Changes in Matter

Matter can change from one phase to another when conditions change, mostly temperature.
Rising temperature increases particle kinetic energy, causing matter to change state into more active ones.
Lowering temperatures decreases the energy of the particles, leading to them being attracted to each other, potentially changing states.

Physical Changes

In physical changes, the substance's composition is not altered.
Common physical changes include transitions between solid, liquid, and gas (e.g., melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition).

Chemical Changes

In chemical changes, the chemical composition of the substance is altered, resulting in a new substance.
Examples include rotting fruit, cooking an egg, burning wood, rusting metal, and baking a cake.
Evidences of a chemical change include a change in colour, odor, or taste, and/or the release of gas.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of matter through this quiz. It covers various states of matter such as solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensate, alongside the particle theory that explains their behavior. Test your understanding of how these states differ and what characteristics define them.