24 Questions
What is a characteristic of gases in terms of volume and shape?
They have neither definite volume nor shape.
What is the term for the uniform distribution of particles in a mixture?
Homogeneous
What happens to a solid when it is heated?
It changes to a liquid.
What is the term for the arrangement of particles in a solid?
Ordered
What is the characteristic of particles in a heterogeneous mixture?
Not uniformly distributed
What is the term for the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
What is the characteristic of particles in a gas?
They are loosely packed.
What is the characteristic of a homogeneous mixture?
Components are uniformly distributed.
What is the standard used to define the atomic mass unit (amu) in the system of atomic masses?
Carbon-12
What is the mass of one atomic mass unit (amu) in grams?
1.66056×10^–24 g
What is the sum of the atomic masses of the elements present in a molecule?
Molecular mass
What is the year in which the system of atomic masses was agreed upon?
1961
What is the mass of an atom of hydrogen in grams?
1.6736×10^–24 g
What is the process involved in chemical reactions?
Reorganisation of atoms
What is the representation of the isotope of carbon used as the standard in the system of atomic masses?
12C
What is the property of atoms that makes them combine in a fixed ratio to form compounds?
Identical mass
What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?
Particles are close together and have a fixed position.
What is the characteristic of particles in a liquid?
Particles are close together but can move around.
What is the arrangement of particles in a gas?
Particles are far apart and can move freely.
What is the contribution of chemistry to the economy of a nation?
Generation of employment and contribution to GDP.
What is the result of arranging particles in a solid?
Particles are held very close to each other.
What is the characteristic of solids?
Have definite volume and definite shape.
What is the characteristic of liquids?
Have definite volume but no definite shape.
What is the contribution of chemistry in dealing with environmental degradation?
Dealing with some of the pressing aspects of environmental degradation with a fair degree of success.
Study Notes
States of Matter
- Solids have definite volume and definite shape.
- Particles are held very close to each other in an orderly fashion, with little freedom of movement.
Characteristics of Liquids
- Have definite volume but no definite shape.
- Particles are close to each other but can move around.
Characteristics of Gases
- Have neither definite volume nor definite shape.
- Particles are far apart, with a lot of freedom of movement.
Atomic Mass
- One atomic mass unit (amu) is a mass exactly equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- 1 amu = 1.66056×10–24 g.
- Mass of an atom of hydrogen = 1.6736×10–24 g.
Matter
- Matter consists of indivisible atoms.
- All atoms of a given element have identical properties, including identical mass.
- Atoms of different elements differ in mass.
Compounds and Chemical Reactions
- Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio.
- Chemical reactions involve reorganisation of atoms, neither creating nor destroying them.
Importance of Chemistry
- Chemistry has helped establish industries that manufacture utility goods, contributing to a nation's economy and generating employment.
- Chemistry has dealt with environmental degradation with some success, synthesising safer alternatives to hazardous substances.
Learn about the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases, and understand the concept of atomic mass. Discover the properties of each state and the definition of atomic mass units.
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