States and Properties of Matter

States of Matter

• Solid has a definite volume and shape
• Liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape
• Gas has indefinite shape and volume
• Solids have the least amount of kinetic energy
• Gases have the most kinetic energy
• Liquids have more motion than solids
• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion
• Gas particles have the highest kinetic energy

Building Blocks of Matter

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter
• Elements are pure substances made of one type of atom
• Molecules are two or more atoms bonded together
• Atoms in solids are tightly packed together

Types of Matter

• Elements are made of only one type of atom
• Compounds are two or more elements chemically combined
• Mixtures are substances that are not chemically bonded
• Water (H2O) is a common compound

Properties of Matter

• Physical properties are traits of a substance that can be seen or measured
• Physical properties can be seen without changing a substance's identity
• Metals are typically found on the left side of the periodic table
• Metals are usually shiny, malleable, and ductile
• Nonmetals are usually found on the right side of the periodic table
• Nonmetals are usually not shiny, malleable, or ductile
• Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals
• Metalloids are found along the "staircase" on the periodic table

Other Properties

• Conductivity allows energy to flow easily
• Metals are good conductors; nonmetals are not
• Brittleness means easily broken or shattered
• Nonmetals are usually brittle
• Luster is shininess or reflectivity
• Metals are usually shiny and metallic, meaning they have lots of luster
• Malleability is the ability to be pressed into shape without breaking
• Ductility is the ability to be drawn into wire
• Density is the mass of a substance per volume
• Density = mass / volume

States of Matter: Continued

• Solids have a definite shape and volume
• Liquids and gases take the shape of their containers
• Matter can be divided into tiny particles called atoms
• Atoms have energy and are too small to be seen
• The energy of molecules in liquids is greater than the energy of atoms in solids, but less than the energy in gases
• Particles in liquids can move and flow
• Particles in solids vibrate in place but do not flow
• The kinetic energy of atoms in solids is much lower than the energy in liquids and gases
• Liquids take the shapes of their containers but gases usually do

Explore the different states of matter, their properties, and the fundamental building blocks that compose them. This quiz covers solids, liquids, gases, atoms, elements, and mixtures. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in chemistry!