STAT 203 Types of Interview

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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of open-ended questions?

They are only used in telephonic interviews.

They are designed for quick statistical analysis.

They provide response categories for selection.

They allow respondents to answer in their own words. (correct)

Which type of data collection method involves sending questionnaires through mail?

Clinical interview method

Unstructured interview method

Structured interview method

Indirect/questionnaire method (correct)

What is a primary disadvantage of poorly designed questionnaires?

They require in-person interviews.

They produce unreliable results. (correct)

They are more expensive to administer.

They yield subjective data.

Which type of interview is characterized by a formal set of questions?

Structured interview (C) Signup and view all the answers

Closed-ended questions are most appropriate for which type of data?

Objective data (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes primary data?

Data collected for the first time and is original (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT used to collect primary data?

Literature Review (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes secondary data?

It consists of data collected by someone else that offers persuasive analysis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The direct/interview method primarily relies on what type of communication?

Oral-verbal communication (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method used for collecting primary data?

Observation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What coefficient value indicates that a test is considered reliable?

0.70 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which method of reliability assessment requires two different instruments?

Alternative form method (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key design principle of a good questionnaire?

Avoid pre-testing the questions (A) Signup and view all the answers

The split-halves method is used to assess which aspect of a test?

Test reliability (A) Signup and view all the answers

In an experimental method, what is primarily manipulated to observe its effect?

The variable of interest (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reliability methods assesses one instrument with multiple administrations?

Test-retest method (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of the experimental method?

Inability to control variables (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which step should be taken to improve the effectiveness of survey questions?

Keep the questionnaire as short as possible (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of data collection in research?

To gather and measure information on variables of interest (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the data collection process?

Announcing findings to the public (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to problems in a research project during the data collection phase?

Not planning the data collection steps properly (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines primary data?

Data collected for a specific research project or objective (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of setting objectives in data collection?

To ensure that the data collected aligns with the research goals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data is typically collected through direct observation or surveys?

Primary data (D) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes gathered information from previous studies or existing databases?

Secondary data (A) Signup and view all the answers

The design of data gathering forms is which step in the data collection process?

Fourth step (B) Signup and view all the answers

What defines a participant observer?

An observer who is a member of the group they are observing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered secondary data?

Raw survey data collected by a researcher. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the four requirements for evaluating secondary data?

Availability. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why might secondary data be preferable to primary data?

It is generally faster and cheaper to access. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating the accuracy of secondary data, which factor is critical?

The margin of error associated with the data. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which requirement ensures that secondary data meets the research problem's needs?

Relevance. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sufficiency' refer to in the evaluation of secondary data?

The adequacy of the data available. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT a way to collect secondary data?

Surveys conducted by independent researchers. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Interviews

Personal, telephonic, structured, unstructured, individual, group, clinical, and selection interviews are identified.

Indirect/Questionnaire Method

Questionnaires are self-administered, can be distributed by mail or in group settings.
Require respondents to read and write answers, thus necessitating clear design to ensure reliability.

Types of Questions

Open-ended questions: Do not provide response categories, ideal for subjective data.
Closed-ended questions: Include pre-defined response options, suitable for objective data.

Data Collection

Defined as gathering and measuring information systematically to answer research questions and assess outcomes.
Poor planning can render data sets useless for intended research purposes.

Steps in Data Collection

Set clear objectives for data collection.
Identify necessary data based on objectives.
Choose appropriate data gathering methods and define collection points.
Design necessary data gathering forms.
Implement data collection.

Sources of Data

Primary Data: Collected firsthand, original, provides direct insights, e.g., surveys or experiments.
Secondary Data: Previously collected data by others, passed through analysis, interpretive in nature.

Primary Data Collection Methods

Direct/Interview Method: Involves oral communication, direct interaction for information gathering.
Indirect/Questionnaire Method: Uses self-administered questionnaires for data collection.
Experiment: Involves direct human intervention to observe effects on variables.
Observation: Systematic watching and recording of behavior or events.

Key Design Principles of a Good Questionnaire

Keep the questionnaire concise.
Choose between open-ended or closed-ended formats.
Formulate questions clearly and logically.
Avoid leading questions that may bias responses.
Include instructions for respondents and pre-test questions before the survey.

Experiment Method

Direct human intervention to influence variable outcomes; includes participant and non-participant observer roles.

Secondary Data

Readily available data from external sources, quicker and cheaper than primary data.
Collectible through internal reports, published articles, financial data, institutional records, and official publications.

Evaluation of Secondary Data

Availability: Ensure data is accessible for research needs.
Relevance: Data must align with the research problem, considering measurement units, concepts, and currency.
Accuracy: Review the methodology, margin of error, and source reliability for data credibility.
Sufficiency: Verify that adequate data is available for analysis.

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Description

This quiz covers various types of interviews relevant to statistical analysis, including personal, structured, and telephonic interviews. It also explores indirect methods such as questionnaires. Test your knowledge of these concepts in the context of statistical methodologies.