Standing Radiograph in AP Projection for Lower Limb Alignment

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What is the basic tool for radiologic analysis of lower limb alignment?

Anteroposterior view with the patient lying down

Lateral view with the patient lying down

Oblique view with the patient sitting

Anteroposterior view with the patient standing (correct)

In lower limb radiography, how should the patient's legs be positioned in relation to the pelvis?

Legs folded under the body

Legs crossed

Legs as far as possible in a similar relationship to the pelvis (correct)

Legs extended straight out

To correctly evaluate lower limb alignment in the frontal plane, what must be parallel to the X-ray film?

Knee joint

Patellae (correct)

Fibula

Femoral head

What is the direction of the X-ray beam in a full-length standing radiograph for lower limb alignment evaluation?

Horizontal towards a point midway between knee joints Signup and view all the answers

In DDR method for lower limb radiography, where does the patient face while standing erect?

Towards the X-ray tube Signup and view all the answers

What position should the femoral condyles be in for a correct evaluation of lower limb alignment in radiography?

Parallel to each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct patient positioning for a lateral (basic) projection of the knee?

Patient rotates onto the affected side with the knee slightly bent Signup and view all the answers

In lower limb radiography, where should the collimated vertical X-ray beam be centered for a femoral shaft image?

At the middle of the femoral shaft Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial indicator that rotation has been minimized during lower limb radiography?

Centralization of the patella Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important not to rotate the limb during X-rays in cases of suspected fracture?

To prevent misalignment of anatomical structures Signup and view all the answers

When imaging both joints on a single X-ray image is not possible, what should be done?

Take an anteroposterior image of the joint distal to the fracture site Signup and view all the answers

In adults, how is limb alignment typically ensured during digital CR and DDR imaging?

With the patient standing and weight-bearing Signup and view all the answers

What defines the anatomic axes of the femur and tibia?

The mid-diaphyseal line of each bone Signup and view all the answers

Which point should the mechanical axis pass through in the lower limb?

Center point of the hip joint and ankle joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for the femoral neck-shaft angle?

>135° Signup and view all the answers

What is measured in millimeters to determine lateral mechanical axis deviation (MAD)?

Distance from the center of the joint Signup and view all the answers

What condition is present if the Coxa valga angle is greater than 135°?

Coxa vara Signup and view all the answers

How is the mechanical axis deviation measured in limb alignment assessment?

In millimeters from the center point of the knee joint Signup and view all the answers

In an Antero-Posterior (AP) Tibia/Fibula radiograph, where should the X-ray beam be centered?

At the mid-shaft of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct patient positioning for a Lateral Tibia/Fibula radiograph?

Supine position Signup and view all the answers

What angle of rotation is required for the patient in a Lateral Oblique Projection for knee joint imaging?

45° rotation Signup and view all the answers

Where is the lateral malleolus located?

At the distal end of the fibula Signup and view all the answers

What should be equidistant from the image receptor in an AP Tibia/Fibula radiograph?

The lateral malleolus and fibula Signup and view all the answers

What should be parallel to an imaginary line joining the malleoli in a lateral Tibia/Fibula radiograph?

The X-ray beam Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking an antero-posterior oblique projection in radiography of the lower limb?

To examine the proximal tibio-fibula joint Signup and view all the answers

Why is the AP projection taken frequently in the weightbearing/standing position for knee joint imaging?

To offer more meaningful information about joint condition Signup and view all the answers

In lower limb radiography, when taking the AP projection, how is the patient positioned?

Supine with both legs extended Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal limb rotation required for projecting the tibial condyle clear of the joint in lower limb radiography?

Medial rotation of 10–20° Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging modality is increasingly used to evaluate the proximal tibio-fibula joint?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

How is the X-ray beam aligned for an AP projection of the lower limb?

Centered on the fibula head Signup and view all the answers