Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test?
What is the main purpose of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test?
What age range does the AIMS test target?
What age range does the AIMS test target?
Which aspect of reliability was measured for the AIMS test?
Which aspect of reliability was measured for the AIMS test?
What type of test is the AIMS considered to be?
What type of test is the AIMS considered to be?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of content validation for the AIMS test?
What is the role of content validation for the AIMS test?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) assessment?
What is the primary purpose of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended setting for administering the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
What is the recommended setting for administering the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Signup and view all the answers
How long does it typically take to administer the AIMS test?
How long does it typically take to administer the AIMS test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a domain covered by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Which of the following is NOT a domain covered by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Signup and view all the answers
For what age range is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development applicable?
For what age range is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development applicable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of implementing standardized physical therapy assessments for pediatric patients with neuromuscular conditions?
What is the primary goal of implementing standardized physical therapy assessments for pediatric patients with neuromuscular conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an objective in performing a physical therapy examination for neurological patients?
Which of the following is NOT an objective in performing a physical therapy examination for neurological patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the importance of using standardized assessment tools in pediatric physical therapy?
What is the importance of using standardized assessment tools in pediatric physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health applied in pediatric physical therapy?
In what way is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health applied in pediatric physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of information is generally provided by standardized assessments for pediatric patients?
What type of information is generally provided by standardized assessments for pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is essential for determining which standardized assessment tool to administer?
Which of the following is essential for determining which standardized assessment tool to administer?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a screening tool typically assess in pediatric patients?
What does a screening tool typically assess in pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following provides a basis for advocating additional services for pediatric patients?
Which of the following provides a basis for advocating additional services for pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered when composing appropriate goals for pediatric patients?
What is considered when composing appropriate goals for pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age range does pediatrics generally apply in physical therapy?
At what age range does pediatrics generally apply in physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum age up to which corrected age should be used for children born preterm according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?
What is the maximum age up to which corrected age should be used for children born preterm according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'chronological age' refer to?
What does the term 'chronological age' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which assessment method compares a child's performance to a set of standardized benchmarks?
Which assessment method compares a child's performance to a set of standardized benchmarks?
Signup and view all the answers
An infant born at 30 weeks gestation and now 12 weeks chronological age would have what corrected age?
An infant born at 30 weeks gestation and now 12 weeks chronological age would have what corrected age?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of screening tools in Physical Therapy?
What is the primary purpose of screening tools in Physical Therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'age equivalent' represent in assessment terms?
What does the term 'age equivalent' represent in assessment terms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term is preferred when talking about the age calculation for children born preterm?
Which term is preferred when talking about the age calculation for children born preterm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the distinction of a norm-referenced assessment?
What is the distinction of a norm-referenced assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum chronological age at which corrected age should be used for preterm children according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?
What is the maximum chronological age at which corrected age should be used for preterm children according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of assessment provides a score that estimates the chronological age for skills demonstrated by a child?
Which type of assessment provides a score that estimates the chronological age for skills demonstrated by a child?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary distinguishing feature of a criterion-referenced assessment?
What is the primary distinguishing feature of a criterion-referenced assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
For what duration should the corrected age be applied to a child born preterm according to some facilities?
For what duration should the corrected age be applied to a child born preterm according to some facilities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term is preferred when referring to the age adjustment for a child who was born early?
Which term is preferred when referring to the age adjustment for a child who was born early?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes norm-referenced assessments?
What characterizes norm-referenced assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered the term for the amount of time that has passed since a child's birth?
What is considered the term for the amount of time that has passed since a child's birth?
Signup and view all the answers
How many weeks gestation would an infant born at 30 weeks be categorized in terms of preterm?
How many weeks gestation would an infant born at 30 weeks be categorized in terms of preterm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test?
What is the primary focus of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor was prioritized when validating the content of the AIMS test?
Which factor was prioritized when validating the content of the AIMS test?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant characteristic of the AIMS test's reliability?
What is a significant characteristic of the AIMS test's reliability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the age range and suitability for the AIMS test?
Which statement accurately reflects the age range and suitability for the AIMS test?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the costs associated with obtaining the AIMS testing materials?
What are the costs associated with obtaining the AIMS testing materials?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions may the Bayley Scales of Infant Development be utilized to assess?
Which of the following conditions may the Bayley Scales of Infant Development be utilized to assess?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary setting in which the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test is most likely administered in preparation for discharge planning?
What is the primary setting in which the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test is most likely administered in preparation for discharge planning?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of assessing infant development, what age range does the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4) cover?
In the context of assessing infant development, what age range does the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4) cover?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of interaction is involved in the administration format of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
What type of interaction is involved in the administration format of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Signup and view all the answers
How frequently can the AIMS test be repeated based on the purpose of testing or intervention?
How frequently can the AIMS test be repeated based on the purpose of testing or intervention?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of including both objective information and descriptive evaluation in pediatric assessments?
What is the significance of including both objective information and descriptive evaluation in pediatric assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is NOT considered when selecting an appropriate assessment tool for pediatric patients?
Which factor is NOT considered when selecting an appropriate assessment tool for pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following illustrates a specific task a physical therapist would assess in a patient with a neuromuscular condition?
Which of the following illustrates a specific task a physical therapist would assess in a patient with a neuromuscular condition?
Signup and view all the answers
In pediatric physical therapy, what is the primary goal of utilizing standardized assessments?
In pediatric physical therapy, what is the primary goal of utilizing standardized assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary focus when analyzing a patient's examination results?
What is a primary focus when analyzing a patient's examination results?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following components is least likely to be assessed for determining a movement system diagnosis in neurologically involved patients?
Which of the following components is least likely to be assessed for determining a movement system diagnosis in neurologically involved patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these statements best reflects the role of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in pediatric assessments?
Which of these statements best reflects the role of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in pediatric assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect is NOT typically highlighted by standardized assessments in pediatric physical therapy?
Which aspect is NOT typically highlighted by standardized assessments in pediatric physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
When prioritizing treatment based on test scores, what is the least relevant consideration?
When prioritizing treatment based on test scores, what is the least relevant consideration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of a screening tool in pediatric assessments?
What is the primary function of a screening tool in pediatric assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of development does the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test primarily focus on?
What aspect of development does the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test primarily focus on?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the reliability aspect of the AIMS test?
Which of the following describes the reliability aspect of the AIMS test?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant consideration when utilizing the AIMS test in practice?
What is a significant consideration when utilizing the AIMS test in practice?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary purposes of conducting norm-referenced testing like the AIMS?
What is one of the primary purposes of conducting norm-referenced testing like the AIMS?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the AIMS test's suitability?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the AIMS test's suitability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary age range for utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
What is the primary age range for utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Signup and view all the answers
In what type of settings is the AIMS test most appropriately administered?
In what type of settings is the AIMS test most appropriately administered?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following domains is NOT included in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Which of the following domains is NOT included in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group of infants is least likely to require a firm mat or carpeted area during assessment?
Which group of infants is least likely to require a firm mat or carpeted area during assessment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the likely frequency for administering the AIMS test in an outpatient setting?
What is the likely frequency for administering the AIMS test in an outpatient setting?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for calculating corrected age in infants born preterm?
What is the primary reason for calculating corrected age in infants born preterm?
Signup and view all the answers
What categorizes an infant as 'full term' based on gestational age?
What categorizes an infant as 'full term' based on gestational age?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term best describes the assessment type that compares an individual's performance against a set standard over time?
Which term best describes the assessment type that compares an individual's performance against a set standard over time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by 'age equivalent' in the context of child development assessments?
What is meant by 'age equivalent' in the context of child development assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, for what age range should corrected age be applied to preterm infants?
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, for what age range should corrected age be applied to preterm infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about norm referenced assessments is true?
Which of the following statements about norm referenced assessments is true?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of gestational age, what defines an infant as being 'post term'?
In the context of gestational age, what defines an infant as being 'post term'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary distinction between corrected age and chronological age?
What is the primary distinction between corrected age and chronological age?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary benefit of using objective standardized assessments in pediatric physical therapy?
What is the primary benefit of using objective standardized assessments in pediatric physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following outlines a key component that should be included during the physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition?
Which of the following outlines a key component that should be included during the physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition?
Signup and view all the answers
When analyzing a pediatric patient’s examination results, which approach should be utilized to convey the findings effectively?
When analyzing a pediatric patient’s examination results, which approach should be utilized to convey the findings effectively?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of a pediatric assessment tool should be considered when selecting which test to administer?
What aspect of a pediatric assessment tool should be considered when selecting which test to administer?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of pediatric physical therapy, what does 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health' help to achieve?
In the context of pediatric physical therapy, what does 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health' help to achieve?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of including both test scores and descriptive evaluations in pediatric assessments?
What is the significance of including both test scores and descriptive evaluations in pediatric assessments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is primarily assessed by screening tools in pediatric physical therapy?
Which of the following is primarily assessed by screening tools in pediatric physical therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a crucial consideration when applying corrective age in the assessment of pediatric patients born preterm?
What is a crucial consideration when applying corrective age in the assessment of pediatric patients born preterm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which elements are essential to include in developing short and long-term goals for pediatric patients?
Which elements are essential to include in developing short and long-term goals for pediatric patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do standardized assessments play in guiding interventions for children with neuromuscular conditions?
What role do standardized assessments play in guiding interventions for children with neuromuscular conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics
- Goal: Choose and implement appropriate physical therapy standardized tests and measures for patients with neuromuscular conditions based on their age, diagnosis for physical therapy, and other evaluative findings.
Objectives
- Utilize evidence-based practice principles
- Outline a basic physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition.
- Describe and perform the examination techniques needed to assess various domains: mental status, memory, perception, visual fields, cranial nerve function, sensation, developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, fractionation of movement, movement control and strength, muscle tone, postural control (balance), coordination, vestibular system, function and gait for patients with neurological deficits.
- Identify the presence or absence of essential components of tasks like turning in bed, sitting up and lying down, moving from bed to chair, standing up and sitting down, balanced sitting and standing, and walking.
The Why, What, and How
- Ages: Birth to 21 years old.
- Developmental Level: Focus on evaluating and tracking development as it progresses.
- Repeated Measures Testing: Use standardized assessments to track progress over time.
Value of Pediatric Standardized Assessment
- Objective information: Test scores add objective data to descriptive evaluations.
- Common Language: Standardized assessments facilitate communication between parents, providers, and payers.
- Eligibility for Services: Help determine eligibility for services based on assessment scores.
- Strengths and Areas for Improvement: Highlight areas of strength and opportunities for improvement.
- Guide Intervention: Inform treatment plans and intervention strategies.
- Progress: Track progress and effectiveness of interventions
- Research: Contribute to research and development of new interventions.
How to Use the Test Score
- Prioritize treatment
- Track progress
- Plan for frequency of services
- Predictive value for follow-up planning
- Advocate for additional services
Terms
- Pediatric: Birth to 21 years.
- Screening Tool: A general assessment that looks at different areas like gross motor, fine motor, language, and social skills. It can help determine if further specialized evaluation is needed.
Preterm/Term
- Pre-Term: 36 6/7 weeks or earlier
- Early Term/ Late Pre-term: 37 0/7 through 38 6/7 weeks
- Full Term: 39 0/7 through 41 6/7 weeks
- Postterm 42 0/7 weeks or later.
Age Calculation
- Chronological Age: Amount of time since the child was born (birth date).
- Corrected Age: Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born early (pre-term). Used for children up to 3 years old born pre-term. Some facilities may use it for up to age 2.
Assessment Terms
- Age Equivalent: This score provides an estimate of the chronological age at which a typically developing child demonstrates the skills displayed by the child being assessed.
- Criterion Referenced: Compares a person's performance to a set of standards. This type of test allows the person to be compared to themselves over time to see if they are at/above/below the set level.
- Norm Referenced: Compares a person's performance to others who are similar by age.
Assessments - Special Considerations
- Cost
- Training
- Copyright/ Intellectual Property
Pediatric Assessments
-
Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS)
- Description: Measures motor development for infants at risk for motor delay, focusing on attaining milestones and the components needed for them.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Infants 0-18 months or until walking independently. Most suitable for infants with developmental delays but with relatively normal movement patterns.
- Norm-Referenced
- Reliability: Good interobserver reliability.
- Validity: Content validation through expert consensus..
- Cost: 96forthetestingmanualand96 for the testing manual and 96forthetestingmanualand50 for scoring sheets (50 sheets per pack)
- Time: 20 minutes to administer.
- When/How Often: Inpatient or outpatient setting, may be repeated monthly or less often depending on the purpose of testing or intervention.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: 9-12 months old performing a prone assessment.
-
Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4)
- Description: Covers multiple domains of child development: cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior.
- Format: Child-examiner interaction and parent interview.
-
Age and Types of Diagnoses: 16 days to 42 months. May be used for a variety of diagnoses:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Language Delay
- Developmental Delay
- Motor Impairment
- Prenatal Drug/Alcohol Exposure
- Moderately or Late Preterm (32-36 weeks)
- Extremely or Very Preterm (less than 32 weeks).
- Norm-Referenced
- Reliability: High internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
- Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit.
- Time: 45-60 minutes to administer.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to the different domains of the test.
-
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2)
- Description: A norm-referenced test that assesses gross and fine motor skills in children. It looks at both the quality of movement and skill performance. Includes a variety of standardized activities (e.g., throwing, catching, hopping, balancing, drawing, buttoning, etc.)
-
Age and Types of Diagnoses: Birth to 5 years 11 months.
- Norm-Referenced
- Reliability: Good test -retest reliability.
- Validity: Content validity supported through expert review.
- Cost: $400 for the kit.
- Time: 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to gross motor and fine motor skills, such as throwing a ball, drawing a picture, or buttoning a shirt.
-
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2)
- Description: A norm-referenced instrument for ages 4 years 6 months to 21 years 11 months that assesses a broad range of motor skills including fine motor, gross motor, and motor proficiency.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Ages 4 years 6 months to 21 years 11 months.
- Norm-Referenced
- Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
- Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit.
- Time: 45-60 minutes
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to different motor skills, such as jumping, catching a ball, hopping on one foot, drawing, writing, and using a pencil.
-
Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)
- Description: A criterion-referenced test that observes a child's motor function in five areas: laying and rolling, sitting, crawling and kneeling, standing, and walking, running, and jumping.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Used for children with cerebral palsy, but can be used for other conditions that affect motor function.
- Criterion Referenced
- Reliability: Good inter-rater reliability.
- Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit
- Time: 15 - 20 minutes.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to each of the GMFM categories, such as rolling from a prone to supine position, sitting independently, crawling, standing, and walking.
-
WeeFIM (Functional Independence Measure for Children)
- Description A criterion-referenced measure that assesses the functional independence of children with a variety of health conditions. There are 18 items in the evaluation, including activities related to self-care, mobility, and cognition.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Children ages 6 months to 7 years.
- Criterion Referenced
- Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
- Validity: Content validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit
- Time: 30-45 minutes.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to self-care, mobility, and cognition, such as eating, dressing, toileting, and walking.
-
PEDI (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory)
- Description: A criterion-referenced measure that assesses the functional abilities of children with a variety of health conditions.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Children ages 6 months to 7 years.
- Criterion Referenced
- Reliability: Good inter-rater and test-retest reliability.
- Validity: Content validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit
- Time: 10 - 20 minutes.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing tasks associated with their functional abilities in different areas of their life, such as self-care, mobility, and social function.
-
Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2)
- Description: A norm-referenced instrument that measures a child's motor skills in three areas: manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Children ages 3-16 years old.
- Norm-Referenced
- Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
- Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit.
- Time: 30 to 60 minutes (depending on the child's age).
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to manual dexterity, aiming, catching, and balance, such as threading beads, throwing a ball at a target, and standing on one leg.
-
Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
- Description: A criterion-referenced measure that assesses a child's movement patterns and identifies limitations that may increase their risk of getting injured. This can be helpful for athletes and other children who are physically active.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: Appropriate for children of various ages, but may be more relevant for those who are active.
- Criterion Based
- Reliability: Good inter-rater reliability.
- Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
- Cost: Free to download (although other resources may be purchased).
- Time: 10-15 minutes.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or athletic training setting.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or athletic setting.
- Sample Assessment: Child performing a series of seven movements, including deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability.
-
Sensory Profile-2
- Description: A questionnaire that is completed by parents or caregivers to assess a child's sensory processing abilities. This is helpful for children who may have sensory sensitivities or difficulties.
- Age and Types of Diagnoses: May be used for children of all ages.
- Norm-Referenced
- Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
- Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
- Cost: $400 for the kit.
- Time: 15-20 minutes.
- When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
- Sample Assessment: Parents or caregivers answer questions about their child relating to sensory processing and behavior.
Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics
- Goal: Utilize standardized tests and measures for patients with neuromuscular conditions based on age, diagnosis, and findings.
Objectives
- Utilize evidence-based practice principles in clinical practice.
- Perform a basic physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition.
- Assess mental status, memory, perception, visual fields, cranial nerves, sensation, developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, fractionation of movement, movement control and strength, muscle tone, postural control (balance), coordination, vestibular system, function and gait.
- Identify the presence or absence of essential components of the following tasks: turning in bed, sitting up and lying down, moving from bed to chair, standing up and sitting down, balanced sitting and standing, and walking.
- Select and administer appropriate functional and developmental assessments.
- Analyze patient examination results verbally and/or in writing.
- Apply the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) to identify the effects on a patient's body function and structure, activity, and participation.
- Use a classification scheme to determine a movement system diagnosis for neurologically involved patients.
- Compose appropriate short and long-term goals based on examination results.
The WHY, WHAT, and HOW
- Background information: Age range birth to 21 years, developmental level, repeated measures testing.
Value of Pediatric Standardized Assessment
- Provide objective information (test score) + descriptive evaluation.
- Facilitate communication between parents, providers, and payers.
- Determine eligibility for services.
- Identify areas of strength and needs.
- Guide intervention and monitor progress.
- Support research.
How to Use Test Scores
- Prioritize treatment.
- Track progress.
- Plan service frequency.
- Predict future needs and plan follow-up.
- Advocate for additional services.
Terms
-
Pediatric: Birth to 21 years.
-
Screening Tool: A general assessment covering gross motor, fine motor, language, and social domains. Used to identify the need for further evaluation by specific services.
Preterm/Term
- Pre-Term: 36 6/7 weeks or earlier.
- Early term/ Late pre-term: 37 0/7 weeks through 38 6/7 weeks.
- Full term: 39 0/7 weeks through 41 6/7 weeks.
- Post term: 42 0/7 weeks and beyond.
Age Calculation
-
Chronological Age: Time since birth (days, months, years).
-
Corrected Age (weeks or months): Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born early (pre-term). Used for children up to 3 years of age born preterm. Example: An infant born at 30 weeks gestation (10 weeks before due date) who is now 12 weeks chronological age would have a corrected age of 2 weeks.
Assessment Terms
-
Age Equivalent: A score that estimates the chronological age at which a typically developing child demonstrates the same skills as the assessed child.
-
Criterion Referenced: Compares a person's performance to established standards, allowing for comparison to the individual over time.
-
Norm Referenced: Compares a person's performance to others of similar age.
Assessments - Special Considerations
- Cost.
- Training.
- Copyright/Intellectual Property.
Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS)
- Measures motor development in infants at risk for motor delay, focusing on attaining motor milestones and components necessary to reach those milestones.
- Focus Areas: Weight distribution, posture, movement against gravity.
- Age Range: 0-18 months or until walking independently.
- Diagnosis: Suitable for infants with delays but relatively normal movement patterns.
- Test Type: Norm-referenced.
- Reliability: Interobserver reliability found intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.76 to 0.99 for infants 0-18 months.
- Validity: Content validation achieved through surveys of Canadian pediatric physical therapists and consultations with experts.
- Cost: Manual 96,scoringsheets(50)96, scoring sheets (50) 96,scoringsheets(50)50.
- Materials Needed: Examining table for younger infants, firm mat or carpeted area for older infants, age-appropriate toys, stable bench or chair for pull-to-stand assessments.
- Administer Time: 20 minutes.
- Setting: Inpatient or outpatient, can be repeated monthly or less often depending on purpose.
- Sample Assessment: Prone at 9-12 months.
Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4)
- Assesses multiple domains of child development: cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior.
- Format: Child-examiner interaction, parent interview.
- Age Range: 16 days - 42 months.
- Diagnosis: May be used for a variety of diagnoses, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Language Delay, Developmental Delay, Motor Impairment, Prenatal Drug/Alcohol Exposure, Moderately or Late Preterm (32-36 weeks), Extremely or Very Preterm (< 32 weeks gestation).
- Test Type: Norm-referenced.
Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics
- Goal: To choose and implement suitable physical therapy standardized tests and measures for patients with neuromuscular conditions based on the patient's age, diagnosis and other assessments.
Objectives
- Use evidence-based practice in clinical practice.
- Outline and efficiently organize a basic physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition and perform appropriate examination procedures.
- Describe and perform the examination techniques needed to assess mental status, memory, perception, visual fields, cranial nerve function, sensation, developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, fractionation of movement, movement control and strength, muscle tone, postural control (balance), coordination, vestibular system, function and gait for patients with neurological deficits.
- Identify the presence or absence of essential components of tasks including turning in bed, sitting up and lying down, moving from bed to chair, standing up and sitting down, balanced sitting and standing, and walking.
- List examples of standardized functional and developmental assessment tools and be able to:
- Discuss how decisions about what test to use are made.
- Discuss the value of using standard assessments.
- Select and administer an appropriate tool for given patients.
- Analyze a patient’s examination results verbally and/or in written form, according to the positive and negative findings.
- Apply the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) to identify the effects on a patient’s body function and structure, activity, and participation, and intra- and intervening factors.
- Use a classification scheme to determine a movement system diagnosis for neurologically involved patients.
- Compose appropriate short and long term goals based on examination results that are obtainable, relevant to patient prognosis, evidence-based, and person specific.
The Why, What and How
-
Background Information:
- Ages: Birth to 21 years.
- Developmental Level.
- Repeated measures testing.
- Pediatric Tests and Measures by ICF.
Value of Pediatric Standardized Assessment
- Objective information (test score) + descriptive evaluation = more complete picture of child.
- Common Language for parents/providers/payors.
- Eligibility for services.
- Highlights areas of strength/opportunities.
- Guide intervention.
- Progress.
- Research.
How to use the test score
- Prioritize treatment.
- Track progress.
- Plan for frequency of services.
- Predictive value/ follow up planning.
- Advocate for additional services.
Terms
- Pediatric: Birth to 21 years.
- Screening Tool: A general assessment covering a variety of domains such as gross motor, fine motor, language, social. Screening tools provide information about the need for evaluation by specific services.
- Pre-Term: 36 6/7 weeks or earlier.
- Early term/Late pre-term: 37 0/7 weeks through 38 6/7 weeks.
- Full term: 39 0/7 weeks through 41 6/7 weeks.
- Post term: 42 0/7 weeks and beyond.
Age Calculation
- Chronological Age: Amount of time (days, months, years) since the child was born.
- Corrected age (weeks or months): Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born early (pre-term); it should be used only for children up to 3 years of age who were born pre-term.
Assessment Terms:
- Age equivalent: This score provides an estimate of the chronological age at which a typically developing child demonstrates the skills displayed by the child being assessed.
- Criterion Referenced: This type of test compares a person’s performance to a set of standards. This type of test allows the person to be compared to themself over time to see if they are at/above/below the set level.
-
Norm Referenced: This type of test compares a person's performance to others who are similar by age.
- For example, comparing a child’s mobility skills to a group of peers of the same age.
Assessments - Special Considerations
- Cost.
- Training.
- Copyright/Intellectual Property.
Pediatric Assessments
Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS)
-
Description of the measure: This test measures the motor development for infants at risk for motor delay, focusing on attaining motor milestones and components necessary to attain the milestones:
- Weight distribution
- Posture
- Movement against the force of gravity.
-
Age and types of diagnoses:
- Infants ages 0-18 months or until walking independently.
- This test is best suited to infants who are delayed but have relatively normal movement patterns.
- Criterion or norm-referenced: Norm-referenced.
Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) (con’t)
- Reliability: Interobserver reliability found intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.76 to 0.99 of infants 0-18 months.
- Validity: Content validation of the instrument was accomplished through a mail survey of Canadian pediatric physical therapists and consultation with an international panel of experts.
-
Cost of test: 96testingmanual96 testing manual 96testingmanual50 testing scoring sheets (package of 50).
- Additional materials needed: examining table for younger infants (0 to 4 months), firm mat or carpeted area for older infants, toys appropriate for ages 0 to 18 months, stable wood bench or chair to observe some of the pull to stand, standing, and cruising items.
- Time it takes to administer: 20 minutes.
- When/how often the test would be administered: Inpatient or outpatient setting, may be repeated monthly or less often depending on purpose of testing/intervention.
- Setting(s) in which this would be performed: Inpatient (potentially at evaluation more likely closer to discharge for planning purposes), outpatient, developmental clinic.
Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) (con’t)
-
AIMS Sample Assessment:
- Prone
- 9-12 months
Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4)
-
Description of the measure: This test covers multiple domains of child development:
- Cognitive
- Language
- Motor
- Social-Emotional
- Adaptive Behavior.
- Format: Child-examiner interaction, parent interview.
Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4) (con’t)
-
Age and types of diagnoses:
- 16 days-42 months.
- May be used for a variety of diagnoses:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Language Delay
- Developmental Delay
- Motor Impairment
- Prenatal Drug/Alcohol Exposure
- Moderately or Late Preterm (32-36 weeks)
- Extremely or Very Preterm (
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the selection and application of standardized tests for physical therapy in pediatric patients with neuromuscular conditions. It covers examination techniques and evidence-based practices essential for assessing various domains of function and movement control. Test your knowledge on critical assessment skills necessary for patient care in pediatrics.
