Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics
84 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test?

  • To determine overall health in infants
  • To assess cognitive development in infants
  • To measure motor development in infants at risk for motor delay (correct)
  • To evaluate emotional skills in children

    • What age range does the AIMS test target?

  • 0-3 months
  • 0-18 months (correct)
  • 18-36 months
  • 0-24 months

    • Which aspect of reliability was measured for the AIMS test?

  • Parallel forms reliability
  • Test-retest reliability
  • Interobserver reliability (correct)
  • Intraobserver reliability

    • What type of test is the AIMS considered to be?

    <p>Norm-referenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of content validation for the AIMS test?

    <p>To confirm the test's relevance through expert consultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) assessment?

    <p>To assess gross motor skills and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended setting for administering the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

    <p>Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take to administer the AIMS test?

    <p>20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a domain covered by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

    <p>Visual-Spatial Skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what age range is the Bayley Scales of Infant Development applicable?

    <p>16 days to 42 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of implementing standardized physical therapy assessments for pediatric patients with neuromuscular conditions?

    <p>To choose and implement appropriate testing based on varied criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an objective in performing a physical therapy examination for neurological patients?

    <p>Only assess physical attributes of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of using standardized assessment tools in pediatric physical therapy?

    <p>They enable clear communication among stakeholders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health applied in pediatric physical therapy?

    <p>To identify effects on body function, activity, and participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is generally provided by standardized assessments for pediatric patients?

    <p>Objective scores combined with descriptive evaluations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for determining which standardized assessment tool to administer?

    <p>Portability and ceiling effect of the assessment tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a screening tool typically assess in pediatric patients?

    <p>A wide range of domains including gross and fine motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following provides a basis for advocating additional services for pediatric patients?

    <p>Test scores combined with tracking patient progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered when composing appropriate goals for pediatric patients?

    <p>Relevance to patient prognosis and evidence-based practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range does pediatrics generally apply in physical therapy?

    <p>Birth to 21 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum age up to which corrected age should be used for children born preterm according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'chronological age' refer to?

    <p>The amount of time since the child was born</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment method compares a child's performance to a set of standardized benchmarks?

    <p>Criterion referenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An infant born at 30 weeks gestation and now 12 weeks chronological age would have what corrected age?

    <p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of screening tools in Physical Therapy?

    <p>To provide information about the need for evaluation by specific services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'age equivalent' represent in assessment terms?

    <p>The typical age at which skills are observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is preferred when talking about the age calculation for children born preterm?

    <p>Corrected age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction of a norm-referenced assessment?

    <p>It compares a child's performance against other peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum chronological age at which corrected age should be used for preterm children according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?

    <p>3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assessment provides a score that estimates the chronological age for skills demonstrated by a child?

    <p>Age Equivalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing feature of a criterion-referenced assessment?

    <p>It assesses the child's improvement over time against their own past performances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what duration should the corrected age be applied to a child born preterm according to some facilities?

    <p>Up to 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is preferred when referring to the age adjustment for a child who was born early?

    <p>Corrected age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes norm-referenced assessments?

    <p>They compare performance with a group of similar-aged peers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the term for the amount of time that has passed since a child's birth?

    <p>Chronological age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many weeks gestation would an infant born at 30 weeks be categorized in terms of preterm?

    <p>Pre-term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test?

    <p>Assessing motor milestones and necessary components for attainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor was prioritized when validating the content of the AIMS test?

    <p>Feedback from Canadian pediatric physical therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of the AIMS test's reliability?

    <p>It demonstrated high interobserver reliability with ICCs from 0.76 to 0.99</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the age range and suitability for the AIMS test?

    <p>It is best suited for infants from 0-18 months who are delayed but have relatively normal movement patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the costs associated with obtaining the AIMS testing materials?

    <p>$96 for the testing manual and $50 for a package of scoring sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may the Bayley Scales of Infant Development be utilized to assess?

    <p>Autism Spectrum Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary setting in which the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test is most likely administered in preparation for discharge planning?

    <p>Inpatient setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of assessing infant development, what age range does the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4) cover?

    <p>16 days - 42 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interaction is involved in the administration format of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

    <p>Child-examiner interaction, parent interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently can the AIMS test be repeated based on the purpose of testing or intervention?

    <p>Monthly or less often</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of including both objective information and descriptive evaluation in pediatric assessments?

    <p>It generates a more comprehensive understanding of the child's condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered when selecting an appropriate assessment tool for pediatric patients?

    <p>Popularity of the tool among practitioners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following illustrates a specific task a physical therapist would assess in a patient with a neuromuscular condition?

    <p>Sensation in the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pediatric physical therapy, what is the primary goal of utilizing standardized assessments?

    <p>To provide a structured approach for measuring progress and guiding interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus when analyzing a patient's examination results?

    <p>Summarizing findings based on both positive and negative data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is least likely to be assessed for determining a movement system diagnosis in neurologically involved patients?

    <p>Social skills development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements best reflects the role of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in pediatric assessments?

    <p>It assists in identifying effects on body functions, activities, and participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically highlighted by standardized assessments in pediatric physical therapy?

    <p>Personal interests and hobbies of the child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When prioritizing treatment based on test scores, what is the least relevant consideration?

    <p>Cost of therapy sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a screening tool in pediatric assessments?

    <p>Offering a quick overview of various developmental domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of development does the Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) test primarily focus on?

    <p>Motor milestones and components necessary for attainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the reliability aspect of the AIMS test?

    <p>Interobserver reliability with high correlation coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consideration when utilizing the AIMS test in practice?

    <p>Specific training is required for correct administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary purposes of conducting norm-referenced testing like the AIMS?

    <p>To compare an individual's performance against population norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the AIMS test's suitability?

    <p>It targets infants at risk for motor delays with some normal movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary age range for utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

    <p>16 days to 42 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of settings is the AIMS test most appropriately administered?

    <p>Inpatient, outpatient, and developmental clinics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following domains is NOT included in the Bayley Scales of Infant Development?

    <p>Visual-Spatial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of infants is least likely to require a firm mat or carpeted area during assessment?

    <p>Younger infants aged 0 to 4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely frequency for administering the AIMS test in an outpatient setting?

    <p>Monthly or less often, based on purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for calculating corrected age in infants born preterm?

    <p>To provide an assessment of developmental progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What categorizes an infant as 'full term' based on gestational age?

    <p>Between 39 weeks and 41 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the assessment type that compares an individual's performance against a set standard over time?

    <p>Criterion referenced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'age equivalent' in the context of child development assessments?

    <p>A score indicating the age of typical developmental skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, for what age range should corrected age be applied to preterm infants?

    <p>Up to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about norm referenced assessments is true?

    <p>They compare an individual’s performance with that of others by age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gestational age, what defines an infant as being 'post term'?

    <p>An infant born at or after 42 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between corrected age and chronological age?

    <p>Corrected age takes into account the duration an infant was preterm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using objective standardized assessments in pediatric physical therapy?

    <p>To create a common language for parents, providers, and payors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following outlines a key component that should be included during the physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition?

    <p>Evaluation of gait and movement control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When analyzing a pediatric patient’s examination results, which approach should be utilized to convey the findings effectively?

    <p>Comprehensive analysis including both positive and negative findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a pediatric assessment tool should be considered when selecting which test to administer?

    <p>The tool’s reliability and appropriateness for the patient's specific needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pediatric physical therapy, what does 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health' help to achieve?

    <p>It categorizes the effects of conditions on child development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of including both test scores and descriptive evaluations in pediatric assessments?

    <p>To paint a comprehensive picture of the child's abilities and needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily assessed by screening tools in pediatric physical therapy?

    <p>A wide range of developmental domains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration when applying corrective age in the assessment of pediatric patients born preterm?

    <p>Corrected age must account for the duration from the child's actual birth to their adjusted age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are essential to include in developing short and long-term goals for pediatric patients?

    <p>Goals must be evidence-based, relevant, and characterize the child’s needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do standardized assessments play in guiding interventions for children with neuromuscular conditions?

    <p>They help prioritize treatment and predict future progress based on objective data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics

    • Goal: Choose and implement appropriate physical therapy standardized tests and measures for patients with neuromuscular conditions based on their age, diagnosis for physical therapy, and other evaluative findings.

    Objectives

    • Utilize evidence-based practice principles
    • Outline a basic physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition.
    • Describe and perform the examination techniques needed to assess various domains: mental status, memory, perception, visual fields, cranial nerve function, sensation, developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, fractionation of movement, movement control and strength, muscle tone, postural control (balance), coordination, vestibular system, function and gait for patients with neurological deficits.
    • Identify the presence or absence of essential components of tasks like turning in bed, sitting up and lying down, moving from bed to chair, standing up and sitting down, balanced sitting and standing, and walking.

    The Why, What, and How

    • Ages: Birth to 21 years old.
    • Developmental Level: Focus on evaluating and tracking development as it progresses.
    • Repeated Measures Testing: Use standardized assessments to track progress over time.

    Value of Pediatric Standardized Assessment

    • Objective information: Test scores add objective data to descriptive evaluations.
    • Common Language: Standardized assessments facilitate communication between parents, providers, and payers.
    • Eligibility for Services: Help determine eligibility for services based on assessment scores.
    • Strengths and Areas for Improvement: Highlight areas of strength and opportunities for improvement.
    • Guide Intervention: Inform treatment plans and intervention strategies.
    • Progress: Track progress and effectiveness of interventions
    • Research: Contribute to research and development of new interventions.

    How to Use the Test Score

    • Prioritize treatment
    • Track progress
    • Plan for frequency of services
    • Predictive value for follow-up planning
    • Advocate for additional services

    Terms

    • Pediatric: Birth to 21 years.
    • Screening Tool: A general assessment that looks at different areas like gross motor, fine motor, language, and social skills. It can help determine if further specialized evaluation is needed.

    Preterm/Term

    • Pre-Term: 36 6/7 weeks or earlier
    • Early Term/ Late Pre-term: 37 0/7 through 38 6/7 weeks
    • Full Term: 39 0/7 through 41 6/7 weeks
    • Postterm 42 0/7 weeks or later.

    Age Calculation

    • Chronological Age: Amount of time since the child was born (birth date).
    • Corrected Age: Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born early (pre-term). Used for children up to 3 years old born pre-term. Some facilities may use it for up to age 2.

    Assessment Terms

    • Age Equivalent: This score provides an estimate of the chronological age at which a typically developing child demonstrates the skills displayed by the child being assessed.
    • Criterion Referenced: Compares a person's performance to a set of standards. This type of test allows the person to be compared to themselves over time to see if they are at/above/below the set level.
    • Norm Referenced: Compares a person's performance to others who are similar by age.

    Assessments - Special Considerations

    • Cost
    • Training
    • Copyright/ Intellectual Property

    Pediatric Assessments

    • Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS)
      • Description: Measures motor development for infants at risk for motor delay, focusing on attaining milestones and the components needed for them.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Infants 0-18 months or until walking independently. Most suitable for infants with developmental delays but with relatively normal movement patterns.
      • Norm-Referenced
      • Reliability: Good interobserver reliability.
      • Validity: Content validation through expert consensus..
      • Cost: 96forthetestingmanualand96 for the testing manual and 96forthetestingmanualand50 for scoring sheets (50 sheets per pack)
      • Time: 20 minutes to administer.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient or outpatient setting, may be repeated monthly or less often depending on the purpose of testing or intervention.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: 9-12 months old performing a prone assessment.
    • Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4)
      • Description: Covers multiple domains of child development: cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior.
      • Format: Child-examiner interaction and parent interview.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: 16 days to 42 months. May be used for a variety of diagnoses:
        • Autism Spectrum Disorder
        • Language Delay
        • Developmental Delay
        • Motor Impairment
        • Prenatal Drug/Alcohol Exposure
        • Moderately or Late Preterm (32-36 weeks)
        • Extremely or Very Preterm (less than 32 weeks).
      • Norm-Referenced
      • Reliability: High internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit.
      • Time: 45-60 minutes to administer.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to the different domains of the test.
    • Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2)
      • Description: A norm-referenced test that assesses gross and fine motor skills in children. It looks at both the quality of movement and skill performance. Includes a variety of standardized activities (e.g., throwing, catching, hopping, balancing, drawing, buttoning, etc.)
    • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Birth to 5 years 11 months.
      • Norm-Referenced
      • Reliability: Good test -retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content validity supported through expert review.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit.
      • Time: 30 minutes to 1 hour.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
    • Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to gross motor and fine motor skills, such as throwing a ball, drawing a picture, or buttoning a shirt.
    • Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2)
      • Description: A norm-referenced instrument for ages 4 years 6 months to 21 years 11 months that assesses a broad range of motor skills including fine motor, gross motor, and motor proficiency.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Ages 4 years 6 months to 21 years 11 months.
      • Norm-Referenced
      • Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit.
      • Time: 45-60 minutes
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
    • Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to different motor skills, such as jumping, catching a ball, hopping on one foot, drawing, writing, and using a pencil.
    • Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)
      • Description: A criterion-referenced test that observes a child's motor function in five areas: laying and rolling, sitting, crawling and kneeling, standing, and walking, running, and jumping.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Used for children with cerebral palsy, but can be used for other conditions that affect motor function.
      • Criterion Referenced
      • Reliability: Good inter-rater reliability.
      • Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit
      • Time: 15 - 20 minutes.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to each of the GMFM categories, such as rolling from a prone to supine position, sitting independently, crawling, standing, and walking.
    • WeeFIM (Functional Independence Measure for Children)
      • Description A criterion-referenced measure that assesses the functional independence of children with a variety of health conditions. There are 18 items in the evaluation, including activities related to self-care, mobility, and cognition.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Children ages 6 months to 7 years.
      • Criterion Referenced
      • Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit
      • Time: 30-45 minutes.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to self-care, mobility, and cognition, such as eating, dressing, toileting, and walking.
    • PEDI (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory)
      • Description: A criterion-referenced measure that assesses the functional abilities of children with a variety of health conditions.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Children ages 6 months to 7 years.
      • Criterion Referenced
      • Reliability: Good inter-rater and test-retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit
      • Time: 10 - 20 minutes.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: Child performing tasks associated with their functional abilities in different areas of their life, such as self-care, mobility, and social function.
    • Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2)
      • Description: A norm-referenced instrument that measures a child's motor skills in three areas: manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Children ages 3-16 years old.
      • Norm-Referenced
      • Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit.
      • Time: 30 to 60 minutes (depending on the child's age).
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: Child performing activities related to manual dexterity, aiming, catching, and balance, such as threading beads, throwing a ball at a target, and standing on one leg.
    • Functional Movement Screen (FMS)
      • Description: A criterion-referenced measure that assesses a child's movement patterns and identifies limitations that may increase their risk of getting injured. This can be helpful for athletes and other children who are physically active.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: Appropriate for children of various ages, but may be more relevant for those who are active.
      • Criterion Based
      • Reliability: Good inter-rater reliability.
      • Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
      • Cost: Free to download (although other resources may be purchased).
      • Time: 10-15 minutes.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or athletic training setting.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or athletic setting.
      • Sample Assessment: Child performing a series of seven movements, including deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability.
    • Sensory Profile-2
      • Description: A questionnaire that is completed by parents or caregivers to assess a child's sensory processing abilities. This is helpful for children who may have sensory sensitivities or difficulties.
      • Age and Types of Diagnoses: May be used for children of all ages.
      • Norm-Referenced
      • Reliability: Good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
      • Validity: Content and construct validity supported.
      • Cost: $400 for the kit.
      • Time: 15-20 minutes.
      • When/How Often: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Setting: Inpatient, outpatient, or developmental clinic.
      • Sample Assessment: Parents or caregivers answer questions about their child relating to sensory processing and behavior.

    Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics

    • Goal: Utilize standardized tests and measures for patients with neuromuscular conditions based on age, diagnosis, and findings.

    Objectives

    • Utilize evidence-based practice principles in clinical practice.
    • Perform a basic physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition.
    • Assess mental status, memory, perception, visual fields, cranial nerves, sensation, developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, fractionation of movement, movement control and strength, muscle tone, postural control (balance), coordination, vestibular system, function and gait.
    • Identify the presence or absence of essential components of the following tasks: turning in bed, sitting up and lying down, moving from bed to chair, standing up and sitting down, balanced sitting and standing, and walking.
    • Select and administer appropriate functional and developmental assessments.
    • Analyze patient examination results verbally and/or in writing.
    • Apply the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) to identify the effects on a patient's body function and structure, activity, and participation.
    • Use a classification scheme to determine a movement system diagnosis for neurologically involved patients.
    • Compose appropriate short and long-term goals based on examination results.

    The WHY, WHAT, and HOW

    • Background information: Age range birth to 21 years, developmental level, repeated measures testing.

    Value of Pediatric Standardized Assessment

    • Provide objective information (test score) + descriptive evaluation.
    • Facilitate communication between parents, providers, and payers.
    • Determine eligibility for services.
    • Identify areas of strength and needs.
    • Guide intervention and monitor progress.
    • Support research.

    How to Use Test Scores

    • Prioritize treatment.
    • Track progress.
    • Plan service frequency.
    • Predict future needs and plan follow-up.
    • Advocate for additional services.

    Terms

    • Pediatric: Birth to 21 years.

    • Screening Tool: A general assessment covering gross motor, fine motor, language, and social domains. Used to identify the need for further evaluation by specific services.

    Preterm/Term

    • Pre-Term: 36 6/7 weeks or earlier.
    • Early term/ Late pre-term: 37 0/7 weeks through 38 6/7 weeks.
    • Full term: 39 0/7 weeks through 41 6/7 weeks.
    • Post term: 42 0/7 weeks and beyond.

    Age Calculation

    • Chronological Age: Time since birth (days, months, years).

    • Corrected Age (weeks or months): Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born early (pre-term). Used for children up to 3 years of age born preterm. Example: An infant born at 30 weeks gestation (10 weeks before due date) who is now 12 weeks chronological age would have a corrected age of 2 weeks.

    Assessment Terms

    • Age Equivalent: A score that estimates the chronological age at which a typically developing child demonstrates the same skills as the assessed child.

    • Criterion Referenced: Compares a person's performance to established standards, allowing for comparison to the individual over time.

    • Norm Referenced: Compares a person's performance to others of similar age.

    Assessments - Special Considerations

    • Cost.
    • Training.
    • Copyright/Intellectual Property.

    Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS)

    • Measures motor development in infants at risk for motor delay, focusing on attaining motor milestones and components necessary to reach those milestones.
    • Focus Areas: Weight distribution, posture, movement against gravity.
    • Age Range: 0-18 months or until walking independently.
    • Diagnosis: Suitable for infants with delays but relatively normal movement patterns.
    • Test Type: Norm-referenced.
    • Reliability: Interobserver reliability found intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.76 to 0.99 for infants 0-18 months.
    • Validity: Content validation achieved through surveys of Canadian pediatric physical therapists and consultations with experts.
    • Cost: Manual 96,scoringsheets(50)96, scoring sheets (50) 96,scoringsheets(50)50.
    • Materials Needed: Examining table for younger infants, firm mat or carpeted area for older infants, age-appropriate toys, stable bench or chair for pull-to-stand assessments.
    • Administer Time: 20 minutes.
    • Setting: Inpatient or outpatient, can be repeated monthly or less often depending on purpose.
    • Sample Assessment: Prone at 9-12 months.

    Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4)

    • Assesses multiple domains of child development: cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior.
    • Format: Child-examiner interaction, parent interview.
    • Age Range: 16 days - 42 months.
    • Diagnosis: May be used for a variety of diagnoses, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Language Delay, Developmental Delay, Motor Impairment, Prenatal Drug/Alcohol Exposure, Moderately or Late Preterm (32-36 weeks), Extremely or Very Preterm (< 32 weeks gestation).
    • Test Type: Norm-referenced.

    Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics

    • Goal: To choose and implement suitable physical therapy standardized tests and measures for patients with neuromuscular conditions based on the patient's age, diagnosis and other assessments.

    Objectives

    • Use evidence-based practice in clinical practice.
    • Outline and efficiently organize a basic physical therapy examination of a patient with a neuromuscular condition and perform appropriate examination procedures.
    • Describe and perform the examination techniques needed to assess mental status, memory, perception, visual fields, cranial nerve function, sensation, developmental reflexes, deep tendon reflexes, fractionation of movement, movement control and strength, muscle tone, postural control (balance), coordination, vestibular system, function and gait for patients with neurological deficits.
    • Identify the presence or absence of essential components of tasks including turning in bed, sitting up and lying down, moving from bed to chair, standing up and sitting down, balanced sitting and standing, and walking.
    • List examples of standardized functional and developmental assessment tools and be able to:
      • Discuss how decisions about what test to use are made.
      • Discuss the value of using standard assessments.
      • Select and administer an appropriate tool for given patients.
    • Analyze a patient’s examination results verbally and/or in written form, according to the positive and negative findings.
    • Apply the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) to identify the effects on a patient’s body function and structure, activity, and participation, and intra- and intervening factors.
    • Use a classification scheme to determine a movement system diagnosis for neurologically involved patients.
    • Compose appropriate short and long term goals based on examination results that are obtainable, relevant to patient prognosis, evidence-based, and person specific.

    The Why, What and How

    • Background Information:
      • Ages: Birth to 21 years.
      • Developmental Level.
      • Repeated measures testing.
      • Pediatric Tests and Measures by ICF.

    Value of Pediatric Standardized Assessment

    • Objective information (test score) + descriptive evaluation = more complete picture of child.
    • Common Language for parents/providers/payors.
    • Eligibility for services.
    • Highlights areas of strength/opportunities.
    • Guide intervention.
    • Progress.
    • Research.

    How to use the test score

    • Prioritize treatment.
    • Track progress.
    • Plan for frequency of services.
    • Predictive value/ follow up planning.
    • Advocate for additional services.

    Terms

    • Pediatric: Birth to 21 years.
    • Screening Tool: A general assessment covering a variety of domains such as gross motor, fine motor, language, social. Screening tools provide information about the need for evaluation by specific services.
    • Pre-Term: 36 6/7 weeks or earlier.
    • Early term/Late pre-term: 37 0/7 weeks through 38 6/7 weeks.
    • Full term: 39 0/7 weeks through 41 6/7 weeks.
    • Post term: 42 0/7 weeks and beyond.

    Age Calculation

    • Chronological Age: Amount of time (days, months, years) since the child was born.
    • Corrected age (weeks or months): Chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born early (pre-term); it should be used only for children up to 3 years of age who were born pre-term.

    Assessment Terms:

    • Age equivalent: This score provides an estimate of the chronological age at which a typically developing child demonstrates the skills displayed by the child being assessed.
    • Criterion Referenced: This type of test compares a person’s performance to a set of standards. This type of test allows the person to be compared to themself over time to see if they are at/above/below the set level.
    • Norm Referenced: This type of test compares a person's performance to others who are similar by age.
      • For example, comparing a child’s mobility skills to a group of peers of the same age.

    Assessments - Special Considerations

    • Cost.
    • Training.
    • Copyright/Intellectual Property.

    Pediatric Assessments

    Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS)

    • Description of the measure: This test measures the motor development for infants at risk for motor delay, focusing on attaining motor milestones and components necessary to attain the milestones:
      • Weight distribution
      • Posture
      • Movement against the force of gravity.
    • Age and types of diagnoses:
      • Infants ages 0-18 months or until walking independently.
      • This test is best suited to infants who are delayed but have relatively normal movement patterns.
    • Criterion or norm-referenced: Norm-referenced.

    Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) (con’t)

    • Reliability: Interobserver reliability found intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.76 to 0.99 of infants 0-18 months.
    • Validity: Content validation of the instrument was accomplished through a mail survey of Canadian pediatric physical therapists and consultation with an international panel of experts.
    • Cost of test: 96testingmanual96 testing manual 96testingmanual50 testing scoring sheets (package of 50).
      • Additional materials needed: examining table for younger infants (0 to 4 months), firm mat or carpeted area for older infants, toys appropriate for ages 0 to 18 months, stable wood bench or chair to observe some of the pull to stand, standing, and cruising items.
    • Time it takes to administer: 20 minutes.
    • When/how often the test would be administered: Inpatient or outpatient setting, may be repeated monthly or less often depending on purpose of testing/intervention.
    • Setting(s) in which this would be performed: Inpatient (potentially at evaluation more likely closer to discharge for planning purposes), outpatient, developmental clinic.

    Alberta Infant Motor Skills (AIMS) (con’t)

    • AIMS Sample Assessment:
      • Prone
      • 9-12 months

    Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4)

    • Description of the measure: This test covers multiple domains of child development:
      • Cognitive
      • Language
      • Motor
      • Social-Emotional
      • Adaptive Behavior.
    • Format: Child-examiner interaction, parent interview.

    Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley 4) (con’t)

    • Age and types of diagnoses:
      • 16 days-42 months.
      • May be used for a variety of diagnoses:
        • Autism Spectrum Disorder
        • Language Delay
        • Developmental Delay
        • Motor Impairment
        • Prenatal Drug/Alcohol Exposure
        • Moderately or Late Preterm (32-36 weeks)
        • Extremely or Very Preterm (

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Standardized Assessments for Pediatrics PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the selection and application of standardized tests for physical therapy in pediatric patients with neuromuscular conditions. It covers examination techniques and evidence-based practices essential for assessing various domains of function and movement control. Test your knowledge on critical assessment skills necessary for patient care in pediatrics.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser