CH 18: Standard electrode potentials
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Questions and Answers

What do standard electrode potentials, represented as E⁰ values, measure?

  • The individual potential of a reversible electrode at standard conditions (correct)
  • The color of the electrode
  • The volume of the electrode
  • The weight of the electrode

Why are standard electrode potentials important in electrochemistry?

  • To determine the color of the electrode
  • To understand the electrochemical behavior of elements (correct)
  • To measure temperature changes
  • To calculate volume changes in the electrode

What conditions are standardized for measuring electrode potentials?

  • Temperature, pressure, concentration (correct)
  • Temperature, weight, concentration
  • Temperature, color, volume
  • Temperature, pressure, weight

What serves as a universal reference for measuring electrode potentials?

<p>Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under standard conditions, what potential is assigned to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)?

<p>0.00 volts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to determine electrode potentials under standardized conditions?

<p>To ensure measurements are consistent and comparable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does E⁰ represent in standard electrode potentials?

<p>A measure of individual potential at standard conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a reversible electrode in standard electrode potentials?

<p>It measures individual potential accurately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is bubbled over the platinum electrode in the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)?

<p>Hydrogen gas at 1 atmosphere pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SHE stand for?

<p>Standard Hydrogen Electrode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) in electrochemistry?

<p>Provides a reference point for comparing electrode potentials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are standard electrode potentials expressed by convention?

<p>In comparison to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive standard electrode potential (E⁰) value indicate?

<p>The electrode is more likely to be reduced than the SHE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do positive E⁰ values correspond to agents in redox reactions?

<p>They correspond to strong oxidizing agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do metals with highly negative E⁰ values tend to be?

<p>Strong reducing agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are nonmetals with highly positive E⁰ values described?

<p>Strong oxidizing agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do positive cell potentials indicate in redox reactions?

<p>A spontaneous reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are standard electrode potentials crucial in applications like corrosion prevention?

<p>For predicting the direction of chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of conducting experiments involving standard electrode potentials?

<p>To compare different metal reactivities and spontaneous redox reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do E⁰ values contribute to designing electrochemical cells?

<p>By assisting in predicting cell potential and reaction direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) in electrochemistry?

<p>To provide a consistent reference point for measuring all other electrode potentials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a metal electrode is connected to the SHE, what does the measured potential difference represent?

<p>The standard electrode potential of the metal electrode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive standard electrode potential (E⁰) value indicate about an electrode?

<p>The electrode is more likely to be reduced than the SHE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are standard electrode potentials used to predict the spontaneity of redox reactions?

<p>A positive cell potential (E⁰_cell = E⁰_cathode - E⁰_anode) indicates a spontaneous reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do metals with highly negative standard electrode potential (E⁰) values tend to be?

<p>Strong reducing agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative standard electrode potential (E⁰) value suggest about an electrode?

<p>The electrode is more likely to be oxidized than the SHE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are nonmetals with highly positive standard electrode potential (E⁰) values described?

<p>Strong oxidizing agents that readily gain electrons to form anions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of conducting experiments involving standard electrode potentials?

<p>To determine the relative reactivity of different metal electrodes and the direction of spontaneous redox reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are standard electrode potentials expressed by convention?

<p>Relative to the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of standard electrode potentials in electrochemistry?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) in electrochemistry?

<p>To determine the direction of redox reactions and calculate the electromotive force (EMF) of electrochemical cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) in the measurement of standard electrode potentials?

<p>It serves as a reference electrode, with a potential of 0.00 volts under standard conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key condition that must be met when measuring standard electrode potentials?

<p>The pressure must be 1 atmosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive standard electrode potential (E⁰) value indicate about the electrochemical behavior of an element?

<p>The element is a strong oxidizing agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the magnitudes of standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) relate to the reactivity of elements in electrochemical processes?

<p>Metals with highly negative E⁰ values are the most reactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the relationship between standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) and the direction of redox reactions is correct?

<p>Reactions with positive cell potentials are spontaneous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the platinum electrode in the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)?

<p>It serves as a reference for measuring the potential of other electrodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) typically expressed in electrochemical conventions?

<p>As reduction potentials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the standardized conditions (temperature, pressure, and concentration) used in the measurement of standard electrode potentials?

<p>They ensure consistency and comparability of the measured values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) contribute to the design and operation of electrochemical cells?

<p>They are used to calculate the electromotive force (EMF) of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key application of standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) in electrochemistry?

<p>Calculating the pH of aqueous solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative standard electrode potential (E⁰) value suggest about an electrode?

<p>The electrode is more likely to be oxidized (lose electrons) than the SHE (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the platinum electrode in the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)?

<p>To catalyze the hydrogen oxidation reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive standard electrode potential (E⁰) value indicate about an electrode?

<p>The electrode is more likely to be reduced (gain electrons) than the SHE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the standardized conditions (temperature, pressure, and concentration) used in the measurement of standard electrode potentials?

<p>They ensure the reproducibility and comparability of electrode potentials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the relationship between standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) and the direction of redox reactions is correct?

<p>A positive cell potential (E⁰_cell = E⁰_cathode - E⁰_anode) indicates a spontaneous reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is bubbled over the platinum electrode in the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)?

<p>Hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does E⁰ represent in standard electrode potentials?

<p>The standard reduction potential of the electrode (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) in electrochemistry?

<p>To serve as a reference electrode with a known and stable potential (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are nonmetals with highly positive standard electrode potential (E⁰) values described?

<p>Strong oxidizing agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key condition that must be met when measuring standard electrode potentials?

<p>The test electrode must be compared to a reference electrode with a known potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the measurement of standard electrode potentials, what does the platinum electrode in the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) represent?

<p>The reference half-cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a metal electrode has a standard electrode potential (E⁰) value of -0.76 V, what can be inferred about its behavior in an electrochemical cell?

<p>It will spontaneously reduce and act as the cathode. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of standard electrode potentials, what does a positive E⁰ value signify?

<p>The electrode is a strong oxidizing agent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for maintaining standardized conditions (temperature, pressure, and concentration) when measuring standard electrode potentials?

<p>To ensure reproducibility and comparability of the measurements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the standard electrode potential (E⁰) for a metal is more positive than that of another metal, what can be inferred about their reactivity?

<p>The metal with the more positive E⁰ value is a stronger oxidizing agent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of electrochemical cells, what is the primary significance of standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values)?

<p>They indicate the direction of spontaneous electron flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the standard electrode potential (E⁰) of a metal is more negative than that of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE), what can be concluded?

<p>The metal will spontaneously reduce in the presence of hydrogen gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the measurement of standard electrode potentials, what is the significance of using a 1 M acid solution for the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)?

<p>It maintains a constant ionic strength. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) in the field of corrosion science?

<p>Predicting the susceptibility of metals to corrosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an electrochemical cell, if the sum of the standard electrode potentials (E⁰ values) for the half-reactions is positive, what can be inferred about the overall cell reaction?

<p>The reaction is spontaneous and will produce electrical energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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