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Questions and Answers
Considering the standard electrode potentials, which of the following species is most easily reduced?
Considering the standard electrode potentials, which of the following species is most easily reduced?
- Na+
- Li+
- F2 (correct)
- K+
If a half-cell reaction has a large negative standard reduction potential, what does this indicate about the substance's tendency to be oxidized or reduced?
If a half-cell reaction has a large negative standard reduction potential, what does this indicate about the substance's tendency to be oxidized or reduced?
- It is easily reduced.
- It is a strong oxidizing agent.
- It is easily oxidized. (correct)
- It is a poor oxidizing agent.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between a reducing agent and its standard reduction potential?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between a reducing agent and its standard reduction potential?
- Strong reducing agents have highly negative standard reduction potentials. (correct)
- The strength of a reducing agent is unrelated to its standard reduction potential.
- Strong reducing agents have highly positive standard reduction potentials.
- Weak reducing agents have highly negative standard reduction potentials.
In an electrochemical cell, where does oxidation occur?
In an electrochemical cell, where does oxidation occur?
What is the purpose of sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)?
What is the purpose of sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)?
In the context of sacrificial anode cathodic protection, what is the role of the free electrons?
In the context of sacrificial anode cathodic protection, what is the role of the free electrons?
Consider the following half-reactions:
$Zn^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow Zn(s) \ E° = -0.76 V$
$Fe^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow Fe(s) \ E° = -0.45 V$
If these two half-cells are connected to form a voltaic cell, which metal will act as the anode?
Consider the following half-reactions:
$Zn^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow Zn(s) \ E° = -0.76 V$ $Fe^{2+}(aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow Fe(s) \ E° = -0.45 V$
If these two half-cells are connected to form a voltaic cell, which metal will act as the anode?
Which condition is necessary for determining standard cell potential?
Which condition is necessary for determining standard cell potential?
How does the reaction quotient, Q, relate to the spontaneity of a reaction in an electrochemical cell?
How does the reaction quotient, Q, relate to the spontaneity of a reaction in an electrochemical cell?
According to the Nernst equation, what happens to the cell potential (Ecell) when the reaction reaches equilibrium?
According to the Nernst equation, what happens to the cell potential (Ecell) when the reaction reaches equilibrium?
Using the Nernst equation, how does increasing the concentration of reactants generally affect the cell potential ($E_{cell}$)?
Using the Nernst equation, how does increasing the concentration of reactants generally affect the cell potential ($E_{cell}$)?
What does it mean for a battery to be 'depleted' in the context of electrochemistry, based on the Nernst equation?
What does it mean for a battery to be 'depleted' in the context of electrochemistry, based on the Nernst equation?
How does pH affect the redox stability of certain species, according to the provided content?
How does pH affect the redox stability of certain species, according to the provided content?
In acidic media, what generally happens to the oxidizing strength of a species if the reaction involves $H^+$ ions?
In acidic media, what generally happens to the oxidizing strength of a species if the reaction involves $H^+$ ions?
In the context of reactions involving water, which of the following statements is correct regarding water's role as an oxidizing or reducing agent?
In the context of reactions involving water, which of the following statements is correct regarding water's role as an oxidizing or reducing agent?
What is a necessary condition for a metal with a large negative standard reduction potential ($E^o$) to corrode in an aqueous acid solution?
What is a necessary condition for a metal with a large negative standard reduction potential ($E^o$) to corrode in an aqueous acid solution?
What is 'anodizing' and what is its primary purpose?
What is 'anodizing' and what is its primary purpose?
What is disproportionation in the context of redox reactions?
What is disproportionation in the context of redox reactions?
Which of the following conditions is required for comproportionation to occur?
Which of the following conditions is required for comproportionation to occur?
What information does a Latimer diagram provide about the different oxidation states of an element?
What information does a Latimer diagram provide about the different oxidation states of an element?
In a Latimer diagram, what does the numerical value written over the arrow or line connecting two species represent?
In a Latimer diagram, what does the numerical value written over the arrow or line connecting two species represent?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of standard Gibbs energies versus standard potentials when combining couples in a Latimer diagram?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of standard Gibbs energies versus standard potentials when combining couples in a Latimer diagram?
What does a Frost diagram illustrate?
What does a Frost diagram illustrate?
How is the stability of an oxidation state determined using a Frost diagram?
How is the stability of an oxidation state determined using a Frost diagram?
A species that lies above the line connecting its two adjacent species in a Frost diagram is prone to what type of reaction?
A species that lies above the line connecting its two adjacent species in a Frost diagram is prone to what type of reaction?
What information does a Pourbaix diagram provide?
What information does a Pourbaix diagram provide?
What do the horizontal lines in a Pourbaix diagram signify?
What do the horizontal lines in a Pourbaix diagram signify?
In a Pourbaix diagram for iron, what does the region labeled 'immunity' indicate?
In a Pourbaix diagram for iron, what does the region labeled 'immunity' indicate?
What is the main purpose of the Ellingham diagram?
What is the main purpose of the Ellingham diagram?
In an Ellingham diagram, what does the point of intersection between the metal oxide line and the carbon monoxide line indicate?
In an Ellingham diagram, what does the point of intersection between the metal oxide line and the carbon monoxide line indicate?
What is the Hall-Héroult process used for?
What is the Hall-Héroult process used for?
In the Hall-Héroult process, what role does cryolite play?
In the Hall-Héroult process, what role does cryolite play?
In the context of electrochemistry, what is the standard cell potential ($E_{cell}$)?
In the context of electrochemistry, what is the standard cell potential ($E_{cell}$)?
According to standard electrochemical conventions, is the following statement correct?
Standard Cell Potential = Standard Reduction Potential at the Cathode + Standard Oxidation Potential at the Anode
According to standard electrochemical conventions, is the following statement correct?
Standard Cell Potential = Standard Reduction Potential at the Cathode + Standard Oxidation Potential at the Anode
Flashcards
Standard electrode potential (E°)
Standard electrode potential (E°)
Potential of a half-reaction under standard conditions, written as reduction.
Cathode (reduction)
Cathode (reduction)
In a voltaic cell, the electrode where reduction occurs; attracts electrons.
Oxidizing agent
Oxidizing agent
Species being reduced by accepting electrons
Anode (oxidation)
Anode (oxidation)
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Reducing agent
Reducing agent
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Sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)
Sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)
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Standard cell potential (E°cell)
Standard cell potential (E°cell)
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Nernst equation
Nernst equation
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Disproportionation
Disproportionation
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Comproportionation
Comproportionation
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Frost Diagram
Frost Diagram
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Pourbaix Diagram
Pourbaix Diagram
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Ellingham Diagram
Ellingham Diagram
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Anodizing
Anodizing
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Study Notes
- Standard electrode potential (E°) refers to the half-reaction written as reduction.
- The slide shows a table of standard electrode potentials
More Positive E°
- Cathodes undergo reduction
- There is a greater attraction to electrons
- Oxidizing agent
Less Positive E°
- Anodes undergo oxidation
- There is a greater repulsion of electrons
- Reducing agent
Practice Problem
- MnO4- is a strong oxidizing agent
- The question posed is which of the following ions can oxidize in acidic media: Fe2+, Cl-, Ce3+
- MnO4-/Mn2+ = +1.51 V
- Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0.77
- Cl2/Cl- = +1.36 V
- Ce4+/Ce3+ = +1.76 V
- MnO4- can oxidize Fe2+ and Cl- which have less positive standard potentials, but cannot oxidize Ce3+
Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection (SACP)
- Fe/Fe2+ is +0.45 V
- Zn/Zn2+ is +0.76 V
- Free electrons travel through the metal path to the inactive sites, where O2 + 4e- + 2H2O -> 4 OH-
- Recombinations of these ions at the active surface create iron-corrosion product ferrous hydroxide with the formula: 2Fe + O2 + 2H2O -> 2Fe (OH)2
- In the case of aluminum anodes, the reaction at the aluminum surface is: 4Al -> 4Al3+ + 12 e-
- At the steel surface: 3O2 + 12e- + 6H2O -> 12OH-
- As long as the current (free electrons) arrives at the cathode (steel) faster than oxygen is arriving, no corrosion will occur.
Standard Cell Potential
- Standard cell potential (E°cell) is defined as the cell potential at standard conditions (°).
- Concentration of all dissolved substances is 1 M
- Pressure of all gases is 1 atm
Ecell for Nonstandard Conditions
- Ecell is the cell potential under nonstandard conditions
- E°cell is the standard cell potential
- n is the number of electrons transferred in the balanced redox reaction
- Q is the reaction quotient; this measures the relative amounts of products and reactants present during a reaction at a particular point in time
- When Ecell > 0, AG2H2O -> 12OH-
- Latimer diagrams can quickly provide insight into the different reduction potentials of a substance
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