Russia E3 -Stalin's Rise to Power (1924-1929)
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Questions and Answers

What was the main ideological difference between Trotsky and Stalin regarding revolution?

  • Trotsky advocated for a permanent revolution. (correct)
  • Stalin believed in a worldwide revolution.
  • Trotsky supported socialism in one country.
  • Stalin thought revolutions should fail outside Russia.

    • What was the role of the General Secretary during Stalin's rise to power?

  • To manage the Party’s ideological education.
  • To oversee the Party's bureaucracy. (correct)
  • To represent the Party in foreign relations.
  • To lead the military operations of the Party.

    • What was the Triumvirate's significance during Stalin's rise?

  • It was a group formed to oppose the New Economic Policy.
  • It involved Stalin and rivals working in unison. (correct)
  • It was a coalition that supported Trotsky's policies.
  • It represented a stable leadership structure until 1927.

    • What strategy did Stalin employ to strengthen his position after Lenin's death?

    <p>Promoting his own cult of personality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Trotsky fail to take in 1924 that affected Stalin's rise?

    <p>He could not prevent Stalin's ascendance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the stance of the 'Left' faction towards the New Economic Policy (NEP)?

    <p>They wanted to abandon it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which allies did Stalin build his personal following from during his rise to power?

    <p>Molotov and Kaganovich. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Stalin perceive the concept of 'Socialism in One Country'?

    <p>As a pragmatic approach suitable for Bolshevik Russia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the partnership formed by Stalin and Bukharin during 1926-1927?

    <p>The Duumvirate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Bukharin protest in April 1928 against the actions of officials?

    <p>He was concerned about the 'excesses' against peasants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant result of the Fifteenth Party Congress in December 1927?

    <p>Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamenev were expelled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did Stalin employ to ensure loyalty among lower party members?

    <p>Building a network of loyal supporters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bureaucratic centralism' refer to in Stalin's governance style?

    <p>A system prioritizing centralized control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the political struggles between Stalin and Bukharin by December 1929?

    <p>Stalin's dictatorship was fully established. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of Stalin's key concerns in foreign policy regarding China?

    <p>Maintaining stability on Russia’s eastern borders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which policy did Stalin implement in response to the food shortages in 1928?

    <p>Harsh measures against peasants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Stalin's attitude towards the Comintern during 1924-1929?

    <p>It was a low priority. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stance did Stalin take regarding the relationship with Germany during the Treaty of Berlin?

    <p>Cooperative relations were prioritized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the term 'social fascists' refer to in Stalin’s policy during the Sixth Comintern Congress in 1928?

    <p>Democratic European parties seen as enemies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the term 'Literary Discussion' in the context of Stalin's rise to power?

    <p>It involved ideological debates within the party. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ultimately happened to Bukharin's political position by November 1929?

    <p>He was expelled from the Politburo. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drove the establishment of the Stalin cult during his leadership?

    <p>Portrayal as a continuation of Lenin's legacy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of fear in Stalin's government?

    <p>It served as a tool to maintain control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Permanent Revolution

    The idea that revolution should spread globally for success.

    Socialism in One Country

    Stalin’s idea that socialism could succeed in Russia alone.

    NEP

    New Economic Policy allowing some private enterprise for recovery.

    Trotsky's Exile

    Trotsky's absence during Lenin’s funeral weakened his position.

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    Stalin’s Role as General Secretary

    Stalin managed the party bureaucracy and built power within.

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    Ban on Factionalism

    A rule that prevented organized opposition within the Party.

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    Triumvirate

    Alliance of Stalin, Kamenev, and Zinoviev to control the Party.

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    Bukharin's Alliance

    Bukharin sided with Stalin against Kamenev and Zinoviev.

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    Fourteenth Party Congress

    A meeting in December 1925 where opposition to Stalin was expressed.

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    Left (United) Opposition

    Alliance formed by Trotsky and others to counter Stalin.

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    Duumvirate

    The partnership between Stalin and Bukharin running the USSR.

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    Literary Discussion

    Intense debate among party members with publications on both sides.

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    Trotsky's Expulsion

    Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party in October 1927.

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    Bukharin's Downfall

    Bukharin lost power and positions due to Stalin's increasing control.

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    Bureaucratic Centralism

    Stalin's style emphasizing strict control and central authority.

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    Cult of Personality

    The promotion of Stalin as an infallible leader.

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    Chinese Communist Party

    Founded in 1921, aimed for revolution but faced Stalin's preference for GMD.

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    Treaty of Berlin

    A 1926 agreement between USSR and Germany for mutual support.

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    Comintern Transformation

    Stalin tightened control over the Comintern in late 1920s.

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    Great Turn

    Stalin's dramatic shift in economic policy emphasizing collectivization.

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    First Five Year Plan

    An aggressive economic plan launched in 1928.

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    Collectivization

    Stalin’s policy of consolidating individual land into collective farms.

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    Fear as a Control Mechanism

    Stalin's use of fear to maintain authority and loyalty.

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    Study Notes

    Stalin's Rise to Power (1924-1929)

    • Ideological Debates: Key debates centered around "Permanent Revolution" versus "Socialism in One Country," NEP versus industrialization. Stalin initially wavered between "Left" and "Right" factions, before ultimately embracing rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization.
    • Stalin's 1924 Position: Stalin leveraged Lenin's funeral to enhance his position within the party leadership. He promoted Leninism, yet Trotsky's absence due to illness and perceived lack of opposition contributed to Stalin's rise. Stalin's role as General Secretary provided him control over the party bureaucracy.
    • Defeat of the Left Opposition (1924-1927): Trotsky's failure to directly challenge Stalin, coupled with Stalin's support from others, led to a triumvirate-like power structure. Tensions within this group increased, with Stalin later forming an alliance with Bukharin ("Duumvirate"). This period also featured fierce intraparty conflicts, dubbed "Literary Discussion”, where political arguments were published widely. Ultimately, Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamenev were expelled from the party.
    • Defeat of the Right (Bukharin) (1928-1929): Food shortages and Stalin's increasingly radical policies created conflict with Bukharin. Stalin's unilateral actions against peasants in Siberia, along with Bukharin's opposition, marked a critical turning point. Bukharin eventually lost his positions and was expelled from the Politburo, leading to Stalin's dictatorship by 1929.
    • Consolidation of Power (1924-1929): Stalin established "bureaucratic centralism" as a core governing principle, using the concept of "factionalism" as a tool to silence opposition. He presented his rule as continuing Lenin's legacy while using divide-and-rule tactics, cultivating loyal supporters at lower party levels and thereby expanding his support. Fear and the secret police were key elements of his rule. He also established a cult of personality, portraying himself as the successor to Lenin.

    Stalin's Foreign Policy (1924-1929)

    • China: Stalin prioritized stability in Russia, supporting Jiang Jieshi of the Guomindang (GMD) over the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This decision led to criticism from Trotsky.
    • Germany: The Treaty of Berlin maintained cooperation, offering financial credits from German banks to the USSR.
    • Comintern Changes: Stalin shifted the Comintern's focus to attacking European "social fascists." This signaled a radical new approach to foreign relations.

    Economic Shift (1928-1929)

    • Great Turn: This refers to the radical shift in economic policy towards rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization.
    • Five Year Plan: The first Five Year Plan marked the beginning of this era. This was a key component of the Great Turn policy shift.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key events and ideological debates during Stalin's ascent to leadership in the Soviet Union. It covers the conflicts between different factions, Stalin's strategies in overcoming opposition, and the impact of his policies on the party and the nation. Test your knowledge on this pivotal period in history!

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