Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary hormone driving sexual attraction in men?
What is the primary hormone driving sexual attraction in men?
Which chemical is associated with creating a sense of novelty and excitement towards a partner?
Which chemical is associated with creating a sense of novelty and excitement towards a partner?
What physiological response is Norepinephrine primarily responsible for?
What physiological response is Norepinephrine primarily responsible for?
What factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to gender differences in sexual desire?
What factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to gender differences in sexual desire?
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How should sexual desire be best described in relation to physiological arousal?
How should sexual desire be best described in relation to physiological arousal?
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Which brain structure is known as the integrative center for emotions and motivation?
Which brain structure is known as the integrative center for emotions and motivation?
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Which of these statements regarding sexual desire is accurate?
Which of these statements regarding sexual desire is accurate?
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What best describes the difference between sexual desire and sex drive?
What best describes the difference between sexual desire and sex drive?
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What characterizes involuntary muscle contractions during this phase?
What characterizes involuntary muscle contractions during this phase?
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What physiological parameter reaches its peak during this phase?
What physiological parameter reaches its peak during this phase?
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What occurs regarding muscle spasms in this phase?
What occurs regarding muscle spasms in this phase?
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Which statement best describes the release of sexual tension during this phase?
Which statement best describes the release of sexual tension during this phase?
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How do the muscles in women react during this phase?
How do the muscles in women react during this phase?
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What is the primary characteristic of natural family planning methods?
What is the primary characteristic of natural family planning methods?
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Which method involves monitoring the cervical mucus to identify ovulation?
Which method involves monitoring the cervical mucus to identify ovulation?
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What is a limitation of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)?
What is a limitation of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)?
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Which hormonal contraception method is delivered through the skin?
Which hormonal contraception method is delivered through the skin?
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What is a common misconception regarding coitus interruptus (withdrawal method)?
What is a common misconception regarding coitus interruptus (withdrawal method)?
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What do oral contraceptives typically contain?
What do oral contraceptives typically contain?
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Which contraceptive method involves placing rods under the skin?
Which contraceptive method involves placing rods under the skin?
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Why is natural family planning considered unreliable by some?
Why is natural family planning considered unreliable by some?
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What does research suggest about the relationship between urbanization and homosexuality?
What does research suggest about the relationship between urbanization and homosexuality?
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Which statement accurately represents the findings regarding abused adolescents and their sexual orientation?
Which statement accurately represents the findings regarding abused adolescents and their sexual orientation?
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What is one of the primary objectives of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
What is one of the primary objectives of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
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Which of the following is NOT a specific objective of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
Which of the following is NOT a specific objective of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
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What is a common mode of transmission for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
What is a common mode of transmission for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
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What regional objective is included in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
What regional objective is included in the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
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Which of the following would NOT align with the goals of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
Which of the following would NOT align with the goals of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?
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How does urbanization relate to the environment for same-gender interests?
How does urbanization relate to the environment for same-gender interests?
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What is the primary function of hormonal injections in contraception?
What is the primary function of hormonal injections in contraception?
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Which method of contraception involves a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy in females?
Which method of contraception involves a surgical procedure to prevent pregnancy in females?
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Which of the following contraceptive methods uses a physical barrier to block sperm?
Which of the following contraceptive methods uses a physical barrier to block sperm?
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At what stage of puberty does breast development typically begin in females?
At what stage of puberty does breast development typically begin in females?
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What is the main purpose of a male condom during sexual intercourse?
What is the main purpose of a male condom during sexual intercourse?
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What hormonal change occurs in females during stage 1 of puberty?
What hormonal change occurs in females during stage 1 of puberty?
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What happens during a vasectomy?
What happens during a vasectomy?
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What effect do chemical barriers like spermicides have on sperm?
What effect do chemical barriers like spermicides have on sperm?
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Study Notes
Stages of Puberty
- The ovaries enlarge and hormone production starts, but external development is not yet visible (8-11 years old)
- The first external sign of puberty is usually breast development (around 8-14 years old)
- Breast buds develop
- Nipples will be tender and elevated
- The area around the nipple (the aureole) will increase in size
- The first stage of pubic hair may also be present at this time
- This is the final stage of development (around 12-19 years old). Full height is reached, and young women are ovulating regularly.
- Involuntary muscle contractions begin
- BP, heart rate, & breathing are their highest rates with a rapid intake of oxygen
- Muscle in the feet spasm
- There is sudden, forceful release of sexual tension
- In women, the muscles of the vagina contract
Attraction
- Three chemicals trigger the feeling of attraction: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
- Dopamine: associated with motivation and goal-directed behavior
- Norepinephrine: responsible for the extra surge of energy and triggers increased heart rate, loss of appetite, as well as the desire to sleep
- Serotonin: thought to cause thinking
Attachment
- The desire to have a lasting commitment with a partner
- This might lead to wanting to get married or have children
Sexual Desire
- Sexual desire is a sexual topic or activity of interest
- It is sometimes accompanied by genital arousal (penile erection in men and lubrication in women)
- It is triggered by various cues and scenarios, such as personal thoughts, feelings, fantasies, sensual objects, different sensory environments, situations, or social interactions.
Sex Drive
- A basic, biologically mediated stimulus for sexual activity or satisfaction
- Sexual desire is a more complex psychological experience that does not depend on hormonal factors
Physiological Arousal
- Not an essential component of sexual desire
- Sexual desire should not be considered a more accurate marker than individual self-referring emotions
Brain Areas Involved in Sex and Emotions
- Amygdala: the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation
- Nucleus Accumbens: plays a role in motivation and cognitive processing of aversion; it has a significant role in response to reward and reinforcing efforts, translating emotional stimulus into behaviors
Factors that contribute to gender differences in sexual desire
- Culture
- The social environment
- Political circumstances
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012
- Provides for a national policy on Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
-
Specific objectives:
- Reduce by 3 quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
- Reduce by 2/3 between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
- To have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse, the spread of HIV/AIDS
-
Regional objectives:
- Improve access to the full range of affordable, equitable, and high-quality family planning and RH services to increase contraceptive use rate & reduce unwanted pregnancies & abortions
- Making pregnancy safer
- Support countries & areas in developing evidence-based policies & strategies for the reduction of maternal & newborn mortality
- Improve access to the full range of affordable, equitable, and high-quality family planning & RH services to increase contraceptive use & reduce unwanted pregnancies
- Improve the health & nutrition status of women of all ages, especially pregnant & nursing women
- Gender, women & health;
- Integrate gender & rights considerations into health policy & programs, especially into RH & maternal health care
- Improve the health & Nutrition status of women of all ages
-
Specific objectives:
Methods of Contraception
- Natural family planning method
- The method that uses the body's natural physiological changes and symptoms to identify the fertile phases of the menstrual cycle
- Preferred contraceptive method for women who do not wish to use artificial methods of contraception for reasons of religion, rumors, etc.
- Unreliable in preventing unwanted pregnancy
- Rhythm (calendar) method: the couple tracks the woman's menstrual history to predict she will ovulate
- Cervical mucus (ovulation)/ Billing's method: examining the color and viscosity of the cervical mucus to discover when ovulation is occurring
- Basal Body temperature monitoring: relies on monitoring a woman's basal body temperature on a daily basis. This indicates fertile and non-fertile stages of the cycle.
- Use of breastfeeding or LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD (LAM)
- Through exclusive breastfeeding, the woman is able to suppress ovulation.
- After 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, a woman must choose another method of contraception.
- Coitus interrruptus (withdrawal or pulling method)
- This is the oldest method. The couple proceeds with coitus; however, the man must release his sperm outside of the vagina.
- Hormonal Contraception/ Artificial Family Planning
- Effective family planning method that manipulates the hormones that directly affect the normal menstrual cycle so that ovulation will not occur
- Oral Contraceptives (pill)
- Contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Also known as "pill"
- Transdermal contraceptive patch
- Medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream
- Vaginal ring
- A birth control inserted into the vagina & slowly release hormones through the vaginal wall into the blood stream to prevent pregnancy
- Subdermal Implants
- Involve the delivery of a steroid progestin from the polymer capsules or rods placed under the skin. 1-5 years of effectiveness.
- Hormonal Injections
- A contraceptive injection given once every three months.
- Typically suppresses ovulation, keeping the ovaries from releasing an egg.
- Thickens cervical mucus to keep sperm from reaching the egg.
- Barrier Methods
- Intrauterine device:
- Small, t-shaped device wrapped in copper or contains hormones.
- A doctor inserts the IUD into the uterus.
- IUD prevents fertilization of the egg by damaging or killing the sperm.
- Chemical barriers
- Such as spermicides, vaginal gels, creams and glycerin films are used to cause the death of sperm before they can enter the cervix.
- Lowers the PH level of vagina.
- Diaphragm: dome shaped barrier methods of contraception that blocks sperms from entering the uterus
- Cervical cap: silicone cup inserted in the vagina to cover the cervix and keep sperm out of the uterus
- Male condom: is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath placed on erect penis before vaginal penetration to trap the sperm during ejaculation
- Female condoms: thin pouch inserted into the vagina before sex serving as protective barrier to prevent pregnancy and protection from STD
- Intrauterine device:
- Surgical methods/ Permanent contraception
- Vasectomy: Surgical operation wherein the tube carries the sperm to a man's penis is cut. It is a permanent male contraception method
- Tubal Ligation: It is a surgical procedure for female sterilization involving severing and trying the fallopian tube. A tubal ligation disrupts the movement of the egg to the uterus for fertilization and blocks sperm from travelling up to the fallopian tubes to the egg
Urban setting and Homosexuality
- Research found a positive correlation between homosexuality and urbanization, suggesting large cities provide a friendlier environment for same-gender interests than rural places
History of Sexual Abuse and Sexual Orientation
- Studies have claimed that abused adolescents, particularly those victimized by males, are more likely to become homosexuals or bisexual in adulthood.
- However, these studies have been criticized for being non-clinical and unreliable.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ Infections
- Diseases or infections transmitted through sexual contact where organisms are transmitted in blood, sperm and vaginal or body fluids.
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Description
This quiz explores the stages of puberty, detailing the physical and hormonal changes that occur from childhood to adolescence. It also examines the biological chemicals involved in feelings of attraction. Test your knowledge on this vital phase of human development and relationships.
