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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of pleasurable sensations during the oral stage of personality development?
What is the primary focus of pleasurable sensations during the oral stage of personality development?
What developmental task is associated with the anal stage of personality development?
What developmental task is associated with the anal stage of personality development?
In the context of the oral stage, what character trait is associated with oral incorporating?
In the context of the oral stage, what character trait is associated with oral incorporating?
Which of the following stages involves the reactivation of impulses as a person transitions into maturity?
Which of the following stages involves the reactivation of impulses as a person transitions into maturity?
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What is a common characteristic of personality that may develop from fixation at the oral stage?
What is a common characteristic of personality that may develop from fixation at the oral stage?
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Which aspect does not get developed during the anal stage of personality development?
Which aspect does not get developed during the anal stage of personality development?
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What is the primary outcome of the developmental task during the oral stage?
What is the primary outcome of the developmental task during the oral stage?
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During which stage are impulses typically repressed, according to personality development stages?
During which stage are impulses typically repressed, according to personality development stages?
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Which parental attitudes can influence a child’s development during the anal stage?
Which parental attitudes can influence a child’s development during the anal stage?
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What does Freud suggest about the timing of personality development?
What does Freud suggest about the timing of personality development?
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What might excessive strictness during toilet training lead to in a child?
What might excessive strictness during toilet training lead to in a child?
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What is the primary task for a child during the phallic stage?
What is the primary task for a child during the phallic stage?
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How does Freud characterize the resolution of the Oedipus complex in boys?
How does Freud characterize the resolution of the Oedipus complex in boys?
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What is the significance of the superego in Freud's theory?
What is the significance of the superego in Freud's theory?
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According to Freud, what happens during the latency stage of a child's development?
According to Freud, what happens during the latency stage of a child's development?
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What is the outcome if a child experiences trauma or excessive gratification during a developmental stage?
What is the outcome if a child experiences trauma or excessive gratification during a developmental stage?
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What aspect of personality development does Freud believe is established in the first five years of life?
What aspect of personality development does Freud believe is established in the first five years of life?
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In Freud's view, how do girls resolve their feelings of penis envy as per the Electra complex?
In Freud's view, how do girls resolve their feelings of penis envy as per the Electra complex?
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What does the genital stage signify in Freud's theory?
What does the genital stage signify in Freud's theory?
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Which criticism of Freud's theory highlights the perspective of women in his time?
Which criticism of Freud's theory highlights the perspective of women in his time?
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What character trait is most likely developed from an oral aggressive fixation?
What character trait is most likely developed from an oral aggressive fixation?
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Which characteristic is indicative of an oral receptive personality?
Which characteristic is indicative of an oral receptive personality?
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How do anal retentive individuals typically respond to authority?
How do anal retentive individuals typically respond to authority?
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What underlying issue signifies a fixation at the phallic stage for males?
What underlying issue signifies a fixation at the phallic stage for males?
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Which statement accurately reflects the characteristics of genital characters?
Which statement accurately reflects the characteristics of genital characters?
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What trait is most likely observed in individuals with anal eroticism?
What trait is most likely observed in individuals with anal eroticism?
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For women experiencing fixation at the phallic stage, what primary motive drives their behavior?
For women experiencing fixation at the phallic stage, what primary motive drives their behavior?
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What general behavior might indicate a fixation on the oral character?
What general behavior might indicate a fixation on the oral character?
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What can be a consequence of an individual being fixated on the genital stage?
What can be a consequence of an individual being fixated on the genital stage?
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Which of the following behaviors might be associated with fixations stemming from anal retentiveness?
Which of the following behaviors might be associated with fixations stemming from anal retentiveness?
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Study Notes
Stages of Personality Development
- Personality is significantly shaped in the first few years of life, with Freud believing the first 12 years are crucial.
- Stages of development (birth to 5-6 years): oral, anal, phallic.
- Latency stage (6-12 years): Impulses are repressed.
- Genital stage (12+ years): Impulses reactivate, leading towards maturity.
Oral Stage (0-1 year)
- Core Theme: Dependency on others for survival.
- Developmental Task: Moving from dependency to self-sufficiency, primarily through feeding experiences.
- Pleasure Focus: Mouth.
- Activities: Incorporating (eating), biting, chewing.
- Fixation Characteristics: Passive, gullible, immature, manipulative personality.
- Oral Incorporative: Acquiring knowledge or collecting things.
- Oral Aggressive: Frequent sarcasm or argumentativeness.
- Infant's State: Dominated by the id, with limited self-awareness.
Anal Stage (1-2 years)
- Core Theme: Learning independence from parents.
- Developmental Task: Controlling bodily impulses and delaying gratification.
- Pleasure Focus: Anal cavity.
- Activity: Controlling and releasing feces.
- Ego Development: Emerging differentiation from the id, leading to negativistic independence ("no").
- Toilet Training: Central activity influencing personality.
- Parental Attitudes: Crucial in shaping behavior.
- Strict Parenting: Can result in anal retentiveness (stinginess, stubbornness) or impulsivity.
Phallic Stage (2-5/6 years)
- Core Theme: Sexual tension focused on genitals.
- Pleasure Focus: Genital area.
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Boys (Oedipus Complex):
- Longing for mother, fear of father (castration anxiety).
- Repressing desires, identifying with father.
-
Girls (Electra Complex):
- Feeling of penis envy, resentment towards mother.
- Sexual attraction to father, identification with mother.
- Superego Development: Internalizing parental values.
- Criticism: Gender bias.
Latency Stage (5/6-12 years)
- Core Theme: Repressed sexual urges, energy focused on other pursuits.
- Developmental Task: Sublimation of energy into school, friendships, hobbies.
- Gender-role identity consolidation: Further developing a sense of one's gender role within society and within the relationships of one's peers.
Genital Stage (12+ years)
- Core Theme: Mature sexuality, developing capacity for love and work.
- Developmental Task: Moving from self-interest to concern for others, capacity to love for altruistic reasons.
- Trauma/gratification: Imbalance can lead to stage fixations.
Fixation
- Concept: Id energy becomes trapped in a specific stage.
- Consequences: Persistent behaviors reflecting that stage.
- Example Fixations: Smoking, nail-biting, orderliness, stubbornness.
Oral Character Fixations
- Oral Receptive: Overindulgence leading to excessive dependency and gullibility.
- Oral Aggressive: Under-indulgence leading to exploitation and manipulation.
Anal Character Fixations
- Anal Retentive: Strict parents leading to stubbornness, rigidity, and orderliness.
- Anal Expulsive: Relaxed parents leading to impulsivity, disorder.
Phallic Character Fixations
- Males: Recklessness, vanity, exhibitionism due to castration anxiety.
- Females: Striving for superiority, resentment due to penis envy.
Genital Character
- Concept: Healthy resolution of all previous stages, able to love and work.
- Characteristics: Mature sexuality, capacity for intimacy, altruism.
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Description
Explore Freud's theory on the stages of personality development from birth through adolescence. This quiz delves into the oral, anal, latency, and genital stages, highlighting the core themes, developmental tasks, and potential fixations associated with each stage. Test your understanding of how early life experiences shape personality traits.
