S&T in the Philippines

Key Figures & Institutions

• The Institute of Science replaced the Bureau of Science.
• The Science Act of 1958 was signed during the presidency of Carlos P. Garcia.
• Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force to strengthen science and technology through a Master Plan.
• The Bureau of Government Laboratories was established in 1901.
• The National Research Council of the Philippines was created to promote local scientific research.
• Under Carlos P. Garcia's administration, the Science Act of 1958 was passed.
• Corazon Aquino replaced the National Science and Technology Authority with the Department of Science and Technology.
• Long-term science strategies under Aquino's administration included the Presidential Task Force For Science And Technology Master Plan.

Philosophical Concepts

• According to Martin Heidegger, technology is understood as a way of revealing.
• Aristotle's concept of "eudaimonia" refers to human flourishing.
• According to Aristotle, happiness depends on ourselves.
• Moral virtue in Nicomachean Ethics is described as the balance between excess and deficiency.
• According to Aristotle, moral virtue is acquired through experience and practice.
• Reflective thinking is primarily concerned with deep contemplation on life and meaning.
• Meditative thinking, according to Heidegger, involves understanding the essence of being.

Historical Events & Developments

• Formal education in the Philippines during the Spanish Colonial Era was initially provided by the Catholic Church.
• Parish schools during the Spanish era mainly taught religious doctrine and basic literacy.
• The first university in Asia, the University of Santo Tomas, was established during Spanish rule.
• Biology was emphasized in the Philippine education system.
• The Galleon Trade primarily connected the Philippines with Mexico.
• The Suez Canal's opening in 1869 improved trade and allowed more liberal ideas to enter the Philippines.
• The Spanish Colonial government contributed to the field of engineering by building advanced irrigation systems and roads.
• Laboratorio Municipal was established for improving health and sanitation research.
• The Bureau of Science was the successor to the Bureau of Government Laboratories.
• The Bureau of Science was later replaced by the Institute of Science.