SST Class 8: Ruling the Countryside

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Questions and Answers

Explain the paradox of resource abundance leading to underdevelopment, particularly in the context of mineral-rich regions. What underlying factors contribute to this phenomenon?

Resource curse occurs due to factors like price volatility, corruption, lack of diversification, and neglecting development of other sectors. This hinders sustainable growth.

Assess the long-term environmental consequences of prioritizing short-term economic gains in industrial development. Provide specific examples to support your answer.

Deforestation, pollution, and resource depletion are some long-term environmental consequences. The rapid industrialization in China has led to significant air and water pollution.

Critically evaluate the role of the judiciary in safeguarding the fundamental rights of marginalized communities. Explain how judicial activism can both help and hinder this process.

The judiciary interprets laws, protects rights, and ensures justice for marginalized communities. Activism can expedite or overstep constitutional boundaries.

Explain the concept of 'ecological footprint' and how it relates to resource consumption patterns in developed versus developing nations.

Ecological footprint measure the demand on Earth's resources. Developed nations, on average, have a significantly higher ecological footprint due to greater rates of consumption. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Directive Principles of State Policy influence law-making in India? Explain with reference to environmental protection or social justice.

Directive Principles guide the state to enact laws for social and economic justice. For example, laws promoting environmental protection reflect these principles. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the impact of globalization on traditional agricultural practices and food security in developing countries.

It can lead to shift towards cash crops, affecting food diversity, and increased reliance on global markets. This will lead to food insecurity for small farmers. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the challenges in ensuring equitable access to public facilities in urban slums compared to planned urban areas. What are the key factors contributing to these disparities?

Slums face challenges like overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of legal recognition. Systematic planning and resource allocation favors planned urban areas. Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the approaches to addressing social marginalization in India before and after the adoption of the Constitution. How effective have these approaches been?

Before, it was philanthropy and social reform movements. After, constitutional provisions and affirmative actions were enacted. Mixed results are there due to implementation gaps and social biases. Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate the long-term consequences of the Permanent Settlement introduced by the British in India. How did it fundamentally alter agrarian relations and contribute to socio-economic disparities in rural society?

The Permanent Settlement created a class of landlords who often exploited the actual cultivators, leading to increased indebtedness, landlessness, and agrarian unrest. It also hindered agricultural innovation and investment, contributing to long-term economic stagnation and socio-economic disparities in rural society. Signup and view all the answers

Critically analyze the factors that led to the Revolt of 1857, emphasizing the diverse grievances of different social groups and their contribution to the widespread nature of the uprising.

The Revolt of 1857 was caused by a combination of political, economic, social, and religious factors. Sepoys, peasants, artisans, and displaced rulers all had distinct grievances against British rule, leading to a broad-based but ultimately unsuccessful rebellion. Signup and view all the answers

Assess the impact of British industrial policies on Indian artisans and industries. How did these policies contribute to deindustrialization and the rise of modern industries in India?

British industrial policies, such as imposing tariffs on Indian goods and promoting British manufactured goods, led to the decline of Indian handicrafts and industries. This deindustrialization forced many artisans into agriculture and paved the way for the rise of modern industries owned and controlled by the British. Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the educational philosophies of the colonial education system with the nationalist ideas about education that emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Colonial education aimed to create a class of Indians loyal to the British, while nationalist ideas promoted education that fostered national identity, self-reliance, and critical thinking to challenge colonial rule. Signup and view all the answers

Evaluate the role of women reformers in the social reform movements of the 19th century. How did their contributions challenge societal norms and contribute to the advancement of women's rights?

Women reformers played a crucial role by advocating for issues like education, widow remarriage, and the abolition of Sati. Their efforts challenged patriarchal norms and contributed significantly to improving the status and rights of women in Indian society. Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the challenges and achievements of independent India in its early years, focusing on the socio-economic and political factors that shaped the nation's development.

Independent India faced challenges like poverty, partition-related displacement, and integrating princely states. Achievements included the adoption of a democratic constitution, planned economic development, and progress in education and healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of sustainable development concerning resource management. How can societies balance the need for resource utilization with the imperative of environmental conservation for future generations?

Sustainable development involves using resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This requires responsible resource management, conservation efforts, and the adoption of eco-friendly technologies. Signup and view all the answers

Assess the impact of human activities on land, soil, water, natural vegetation and wild life resources. How climate change is affecting these resources specifically?

Human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, pollution, and unsustainable agricultural practices degrade land, soil, water, natural vegetation and wildlife resources. Climate change exacerbates these impacts through altered weather patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather, melting ice and snow, and changes in growing seasons. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are minerals?

Naturally occurring substances with definite chemical composition.

What is agriculture?

Cultivating land to grow crops and raise livestock for food and other products.