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Questions and Answers

Aspirin and Tylenol are classified under which schedule of drugs listed in the Controlled Substances Act?

  • Schedule 1
  • Schedule 2
  • Schedule 3 (correct)
  • Schedule 4

The process of water equalizing concentrations of solutes across a semipermeable membrane is

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis (correct)
  • Filtration
  • Active transport

Morphine acts as an _____ to opiate receptor sites.

  • Antagonist
  • Agonist (correct)
  • Partial Agonist
  • Inverse Agonist

Parenteral routes of medication include all of the following except:

<p>SL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tachyphylaxis is a source allergic reaction to a medication

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metabolism of a drug is defined as?

<p>Biotransformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a right of medication administration?

<p>Right documentation, right time, right route (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Geriatric patients absorb oral medication faster

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fentanyl and morphine are classified under which schedule of drugs listed in the Controlled Substances Act?

<p>Schedule 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a beta 2 agonist?

<p>Albuterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

First pass effect is when medication is metabolized mainly in the:

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teratogenic is a term that refers to drugs that harm a fetus

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diffusion is the movement of solutes from lower to higher concentration

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering ET medications, the dose should be increased to what amount?

<p>2-2.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulin is sourced from?

<p>Animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The effects of epinephrine include all of the following but:

<p>Decreased vascular resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drug reduces blood pressure by reducing circulatory blood volume in the kidneys?

<p>Diuretic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Torsades de Pointes is primarily treated by what?

<p>Magnesium Sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dose of epinephrine for pediatric CPR?

<p>0.01 mg/kg of epinephrine 1:10,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart consists of three layers, one of which is the?

<p>Endocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when atropine is pushed too slowly?

<p>Paradoxical effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antiarrhythmic is lidocaine?

<p>Sodium Channel Blocker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can replace the first or second dose of epinephrine in cardiac arrest?

<p>Vasopressin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation used to determine cardiac output is:

<p>Stroke Volume x Heart Rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epi has the greatest positive inotropic and chronotropic effect as well as vascular dilation

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dose of amiodarone?

<p>300mg, followed by 150mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is said to occur when the heart's blood supply is transiently exceeded by myocardial oxygen demands?

<p>Angina pectoris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug class for verapamil?

<p>Calcium channel blocker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medication that has a positive inotropic effect will cause a decrease in the heart's contraction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart receives its nutrients from the:

<p>Coronary Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cardiovascular system's two major components are the heart and...

<p>Peripheral blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are the 4 points of procainamide except:

<p>QRS complex is narrowed by 50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After blood circulates through the lungs and becomes oxygenated, it returns to the heart by way of the:

<p>Pulmonary Veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The drug used in cardiac arrest resuscitation that acts on both alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors is:

<p>Epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin is used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia because it:

<p>Inhibits the aggregation of platelets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of heart rate is a symptom when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?

<p>Decreased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The syndrome in which the heart's performance is compromised so cardiac output cannot meet the body's needs is called:

<p>Heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial lidocaine dose for an adult?

<p>1.5 mg/kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole is called:

<p>Preload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the four chambers of the heart is correct?

<p>Ventricles are separated by the interventricular septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the nervous system's control of the heart is true?

<p>In stressful situations the sympathetic system becomes dominant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is most appropriate to increase blood pressure for a bradycardic patient?

<p>Dopamine 5-20 mcg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stroke volume depends on three factors: preload, cardiac contractility, and:

<p>Afterload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Amiodarone on the cardiac muscle?

<p>Blocking efflux of Potassium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Ipratropium work for asthma patients?

<p>Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dobutamine is a synthetic sympathetic agonist

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have a patient in respiratory distress from ARDS. Which medication is the most appropriate?

<p>Corticosteroid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications could you use to treat an asthmatic patient complaining of chest pain with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

<p>Atrovent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Anaphylaxis, which medication will reduce bronchospasms and edema?

<p>Albuterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proventil is considered which of the following?

<p>Beta 2 agonist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to treat a pediatric patient with a bad cough, inspiratory stridor, drooling, and circumoral cyanosis?

<p>Transport and administer oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atrovent works similarly to atropine.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect of Methylprednisolone?

<p>Seizures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with asthma and heart failure complaining of shortness of breath (SOB) has all of the following EXCEPT:

<p>Decreased Heart Rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PEEP do in the context of respiratory care?

<p>Keeps bronchioles and alveoli open (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does air get trapped in the respiratory system in asthmatic patients?

<p>Bronchioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

50% dextro-rotary and levo-rotary epinephrine is how racemic epinephrine?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pediatric patient with bronchitis should receive which appropriate treatment?

<p>Humidified oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A head-tilt chin-lift can fix which breath sounds?

<p>Snoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have an unresponsive patient, with agonal breaths, rales, and rhonchi. How do you treat this patient?

<p>BVM and Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the best treatment for a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF)?

<p>CPAP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung sounds would a patient on Digoxin and Lasix, complaining of shortness of breath (SOB), with a productive cough and no peripheral edema have?

<p>Rales, Rhonchi and Wheezes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who takes Atrovent, Prednisone, Betamethasone, and Metaproterenol has which medical condition?

<p>Asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you treat a patient with difficulty breathing who has a history of COPD and asthma, where no breath sounds are audible?

<p>All of the above (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have a patient with shortness of breath, severe dyspnea, a history of asthma, and right-sided heart failure. The patient used their inhaler and steroids but had no relief. How would you expect the patient to present?

<p>All of the above (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 Ps associated with diabetes?

<p>Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does insulin help convert glucose into?

<p>Glycogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who falls under special considerations in EMS?

<p>The elderly, pregnant people, and children (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the breakdown of glycogen called?

<p>Glycogenolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we not give neonates glucagon?

<p>They don't have enough glucose stores for it to release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have an adult who is unresponsive and hypoglycemic, and you can't get an IV on them, what should you give?

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)? (Select all that apply)

<p>Dehydration, fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we treat someone who is hyperglycemic? (Select all that apply)

<p>Fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is oxytocin released from?

<p>Pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is commonly administered to a patient experiencing tonic-clonic seizures?

<p>Magnesium Sulfate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is common to happen to a pregnant lady in her first trimester? (Select all that apply)

<p>Spontaneous abortion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What systolic blood pressure can you expect from a patient who has preeclampsia?

<p>140 or higher (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you do for a pregnant patient who is actively seizing? (Select all that apply)

<p>Mag sulfate, dim lights, left lateral position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the terms Gravida and Para refer to in obstetrics?

<p>Gravida is the total number of confirmed pregnancies, and Para is the number of births that a female has had after 20 weeks gestation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A seizing pregnant woman in her second trimester is placed on oxygen via non-rebreather mask (NRB). What should you do next?

<p>Administer 2.0-4.0 mg of Mag in 250 mL IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

14 y/o Female is feeling dizzy and passed out, but regained consciousness, BP 80/42 HR 120 RR 22 and shallow. The girl says she is on her period and bleeding a lot. What needs to be treated?

<p>Hypovolemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pregnant female has been pregnant 5 times, gave birth 3 times, and had 3 abortions. What is the appropriate notation for her obstetric history?

<p>G5, P3, AB3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an endocrine emergency?

<p>Hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does glucagon play in the pancreas?

<p>Stimulate glucose absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A neonate receives which of the following when hypoglycemic?

<p>D10 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does glucagon take to correct hypoglycemic patients?

<p>Stimulate the liver to break down glycogen through glycogenolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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