سرطان: معدل الحالات والوفيات 2018 و2020

Study Notes

Distribution of Cases & Deaths (2018): Data for the 10 most common cancers, categorized by sex (males, females, and both sexes). Information provided include incidence (new cases) and mortality (deaths) figures in millions.
Cancer Types: Presents various cancers like Lung, Breast, Colorectum, Prostate, Bladder, Thyroid, Cervix uteri, Esophagus, Liver, and Stomach. Data indicated individual proportions for each type.
Key Trends (2018): The data highlighted leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality across different sexes. Lung cancer was frequently cited as a major cause of death in both sexes.
Distribution of Cases & Deaths (2020): Similar data to 2018, but concerning the year 2020, showing incidence and mortality data for the same cancers by sex.
Global Trend: Data indicates that worldwide cancer incidence and mortality rates are significantly increasing, influenced by population growth and prevalence of related risk factors, which are tied to societal and economic development.

Leading Causes: Globally, the top cancer causes are Female Breast, Lung, Colorectal, Prostate, and Stomach cancers. Variations exist between male and female data.
Cancer Definition: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and spread (metastasis) to other parts of the body. More than 100 types of cancer have been identified.
Benign vs. Malignant: Differentiates between benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors, noting differences in growth rate, invasiveness, and potential for spread. Specific characteristics for each discussed.
Cancer Types by Origin: Information on specific cancer origins, like carcinomas (epithelial cells), sarcomas (mesoderm cells), and adenocarcinomas (glandular tissue).
Cancer Incidence in Egypt: Data for 2018 and 2020 providing specific new cancer case counts in Egypt, broken down by different cancer types.

Multistep Evolution: Explains that cancer development is a complex, multi-step process, often involving several mutations and genetic alterations that contribute to malignant cancer cell development.
Genetic and Epigenetic Changes: Describes the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations (not DNA mutations) in cancer evolution, linking these to specific factors like cell growth, survival, and apoptosis.
Environmental and Internal Factors: Discusses various risk factors contributing to different types of cancer, including genetic vulnerability, aging effects, external elements like radiation and chemicals, as well as internal factors like inherited mutations, immune conditions, and metabolic factors.
Cancer as a Multi-Gene Disease: Cancer is seen as a multi-gene disease, implying it requires multiple steps, changes in multiple genes, and multi-stage processes for its development.