Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following processes exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?
Which of the following processes exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?
- Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin.
- Maintenance of blood pressure by adjusting heart rate.
- Enhancement of labor contractions during childbirth. (correct)
- Control of body temperature through sweating or shivering.
Considering the levels of structural organization in the human body, which sequence is arranged from the simplest to the most complex?
Considering the levels of structural organization in the human body, which sequence is arranged from the simplest to the most complex?
- Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism (correct)
- Chemical, Tissue, Cellular, Organ, System, Organism
- Cellular, Chemical, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism
- Organism, System, Organ, Tissue, Cellular, Chemical
In a synthesis reaction, what is the most accurate description of the reactants and products?
In a synthesis reaction, what is the most accurate description of the reactants and products?
- Electrons are exchanged between molecules.
- A large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules.
- Molecules are rearranged to form different compounds.
- Smaller molecules combine to form a larger molecule. (correct)
If a solution has a pH of 7.4, such as human blood, what does this indicate about the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$)?
If a solution has a pH of 7.4, such as human blood, what does this indicate about the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$)?
Which of the following is a primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
Which of the following is a primary function of ribosomes within a cell?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs?
Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal organs?
What is the primary component of the hair shaft?
What is the primary component of the hair shaft?
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular function?
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular function?
Which of the following accurately describes the difference in location between gray matter and white matter in the spinal cord?
Which of the following accurately describes the difference in location between gray matter and white matter in the spinal cord?
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
In which quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix typically located?
In which quadrant of the abdomen is the appendix typically located?
Where is the diaphragm located in the body?
Where is the diaphragm located in the body?
Positive feedback mechanisms are different from negative feedback because:
Positive feedback mechanisms are different from negative feedback because:
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
Which of the following best describes a negative feedback mechanism?
Which of the following best describes a negative feedback mechanism?
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
When body temperature drops too low, which response occurs due to negative feedback?
When body temperature drops too low, which response occurs due to negative feedback?
What is the primary focus of anatomy?
What is the primary focus of anatomy?
Which of the following is an example of physiology?
Which of the following is an example of physiology?
Which branch of science would study how the stomach digests food?
Which branch of science would study how the stomach digests food?
Which region refers to the armpit area?
Which region refers to the armpit area?
Which region is found at the front of the elbow?
Which region is found at the front of the elbow?
The right and left hypochondriac regions are located:
The right and left hypochondriac regions are located:
Which abdominal region is directly below the umbilical region?
Which abdominal region is directly below the umbilical region?
The epigastric region is located:
The epigastric region is located:
Which organ is primarily located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen?
Which organ is primarily located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen?
Pain in the lower right quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen could indicate a problem with which organ?
Pain in the lower right quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen could indicate a problem with which organ?
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into how many quadrants?
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into how many quadrants?
Which quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder?
Which quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder?
The stomach and spleen are primarily located in which quadrant?
The stomach and spleen are primarily located in which quadrant?
How many regions is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into in anatomical studies?
How many regions is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into in anatomical studies?
The epigastric region is located:
The epigastric region is located:
Which region is located in the lower middle part of the abdomen?
Which region is located in the lower middle part of the abdomen?
Which region is directly lateral (to the sides) of the umbilical region?
Which region is directly lateral (to the sides) of the umbilical region?
The left hypochondriac region contains which major organ?
The left hypochondriac region contains which major organ?
Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system? (Select one)
Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system? (Select one)
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
Which of the following bones is part of the skeletal system?
Which of the following bones is part of the skeletal system?
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? (Select one)
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? (Select one)
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart?
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart?
What is a primary function of the muscular system?
What is a primary function of the muscular system?
The endocrine system primarily uses which method to communicate between organs?
The endocrine system primarily uses which method to communicate between organs?
Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
Which of the following is a primary function of the lymphatic system?
Which organ is part of the lymphatic system?
Which organ is part of the lymphatic system?
What is the main function of the urinary system?
What is the main function of the urinary system?
What fluid is transported through the lymphatic system?
What fluid is transported through the lymphatic system?
What is the term for the small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and contain immune cells?
What is the term for the small, bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and contain immune cells?
Which of the following is an example of a lymphatic organ that also helps in immune response?
Which of the following is an example of a lymphatic organ that also helps in immune response?
Which part of the lymphatic system is primarily responsible for the production of lymphocytes (white blood cells)?
Which part of the lymphatic system is primarily responsible for the production of lymphocytes (white blood cells)?
The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body by:
The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body by:
Which of the following is the first component of a homeostatic mechanism that detects changes in the internal or external environment?
Which of the following is the first component of a homeostatic mechanism that detects changes in the internal or external environment?
In a negative feedback loop, what happens when a change is detected by the receptor?
In a negative feedback loop, what happens when a change is detected by the receptor?
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?
Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?
What is the role of the control center in a homeostatic mechanism?
What is the role of the control center in a homeostatic mechanism?
Which of the following is an example of an effector in the body during temperature regulation?
Which of the following is an example of an effector in the body during temperature regulation?
What type of feedback mechanism is involved in the process of blood clotting?
What type of feedback mechanism is involved in the process of blood clotting?
Which of the following is an example of metabolism in humans?
Which of the following is an example of metabolism in humans?
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
The characteristic of life that involves the ability to respond to environmental changes is known as:
The characteristic of life that involves the ability to respond to environmental changes is known as:
What is the main function of metabolism in living organisms?
What is the main function of metabolism in living organisms?
Which of the following is an example of catabolic metabolism?
Which of the following is an example of catabolic metabolism?
What is the role of ATP in metabolism?
What is the role of ATP in metabolism?
What is metabolism?
What is metabolism?
What is the correct order of the levels of organization in living organisms, from simplest to most complex?
What is the correct order of the levels of organization in living organisms, from simplest to most complex?
Which of the following is the simplest level of organization in living organisms?
Which of the following is the simplest level of organization in living organisms?
At which level of organization do cells work together to perform specific functions?
At which level of organization do cells work together to perform specific functions?
Which of the following tasks would a chemist be most likely to perform?
Which of the following tasks would a chemist be most likely to perform?
What is the definition of matter?
What is the definition of matter?
What is an isotope?
What is an isotope?
What is the atomic number of an element?
What is the atomic number of an element?
An element is defined as:
An element is defined as:
What is the main difference between an element and a compound?
What is the main difference between an element and a compound?
Which of the following particles has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus
Which of the following particles has a negative charge? A) Proton B) Neutron C) Electron D) Nucleus
What is the mass number of an atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons?
What is the mass number of an atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons?
Electrons are located in the __________ of an atom.
Electrons are located in the __________ of an atom.
What is an ion?
What is an ion?
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
What charge does a proton carry?
What charge does a proton carry?
What is the charge of a neutron?
What is the charge of a neutron?
Which of the following particles is found in the nucleus of an atom and has no charge?
Which of the following particles is found in the nucleus of an atom and has no charge?
How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?
How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?
What is the maximum number of electrons that the second shell (L-shell) can hold?
What is the maximum number of electrons that the second shell (L-shell) can hold?
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
What happens if the pH of blood becomes too acidic?
What happens if the pH of blood becomes too acidic?
Which element is the key component of all organic compounds?
Which element is the key component of all organic compounds?
Which of the following is a type of lipid?
Which of the following is a type of lipid?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
Which of the following is the universal solvent?
Which of the following is the universal solvent?
If you dissolve 5 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water, what is the sugar called?
If you dissolve 5 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water, what is the sugar called?
What is the primary function of amino acids in the body?
What is the primary function of amino acids in the body?
What bond links amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain?
What bond links amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain?
What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
Which of the following is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
Which of the following is a key difference between RNA and DNA?
Which of the following is true about the structure of RNA compared to DNA? (Select one option)
Which of the following is true about the structure of RNA compared to DNA? (Select one option)
What is the main function of mitochondria?
What is the main function of mitochondria?
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the main role of the Golgi apparatus?
Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?
Which of the following organelles is involved in the detoxification of harmful substances in liver cells?
Which of the following organelles is involved in the detoxification of harmful substances in liver cells?
Which organelle contains enzymes that digest cellular waste and foreign substances?
Which organelle contains enzymes that digest cellular waste and foreign substances?
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?
What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?
Which of the following organelles is involved in the packaging and transport of proteins within the cell?
Which of the following organelles is involved in the packaging and transport of proteins within the cell?
Which organelle is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell because it generates ATP?
Which organelle is often referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell because it generates ATP?
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
What structure is responsible for helping separate chromosomes during cell division?
What structure is responsible for helping separate chromosomes during cell division?
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
What does the term 'selective permeability' mean in the context of the cell membrane?
What does the term 'selective permeability' mean in the context of the cell membrane?
How does cholesterol help the cell membrane?
How does cholesterol help the cell membrane?
What is the main function of vesicles in a cell?
What is the main function of vesicles in a cell?
Osmotic pressure is determined by the concentration of which of the following in a solution?
Osmotic pressure is determined by the concentration of which of the following in a solution?
When a vesicle is placed in a hypotonic solution, what happens to it?
When a vesicle is placed in a hypotonic solution, what happens to it?
What causes osmotic pressure in a solution?
What causes osmotic pressure in a solution?
During which phase does DNA replication occur?
During which phase does DNA replication occur?
Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the separation of sister chromatids?
Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the separation of sister chromatids?
What happens during cytokinesis?
What happens during cytokinesis?
What happens during metaphase in mitosis?
What happens during metaphase in mitosis?
What forms in animal cells during cytokinesis?
What forms in animal cells during cytokinesis?
Which of the following is the correct order of stages in mitosis?
Which of the following is the correct order of stages in mitosis?
What is apoptosis?
What is apoptosis?
Which of the following is true about apoptosis?
Which of the following is true about apoptosis?
How many times does a cell divide during mitosis?
How many times does a cell divide during mitosis?
After meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced?
After meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced?
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
What is the primary function of connective tissue?
Which of the following is an example of connective tissue?
Which of the following is an example of connective tissue?
Where is adipose tissue primarily found?
Where is adipose tissue primarily found?
What type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
What type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the digestive tract?
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the digestive tract?
Which of the following is the main function of epithelial tissue?
Which of the following is the main function of epithelial tissue?
What is the primary role of transitional epithelium?
What is the primary role of transitional epithelium?
Where is cuboidal epithelium typically located?
Where is cuboidal epithelium typically located?
What is the primary function of adipose tissue?
What is the primary function of adipose tissue?
What is the primary function of bone (osseous tissue)?
What is the primary function of bone (osseous tissue)?
What are lacunae in bone tissue?
What are lacunae in bone tissue?
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
Which type of bone is found in the outer layer of long bones?
Which type of bone is found in the outer layer of long bones?
What are the tiny channels in bone tissue that allow communication between osteocytes?
What are the tiny channels in bone tissue that allow communication between osteocytes?
Which mineral is most abundant in the bone matrix?
Which mineral is most abundant in the bone matrix?
What is the primary function of neurons?
What is the primary function of neurons?
Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?
Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?
What is the role of the myelin sheath?
What is the role of the myelin sheath?
What type of neuroglial cell is responsible for removing debris and pathogens from the nervous system?
What type of neuroglial cell is responsible for removing debris and pathogens from the nervous system?
What is the function of Schwann cells?
What is the function of Schwann cells?
Which structure releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons?
Which structure releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons?
Which type of neuroglia produces the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Which type of neuroglia produces the myelin sheath in the CNS?
What type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?
What type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Which type of neuron carries signals from sensory receptors to the CNS?
Which type of neuron carries signals from sensory receptors to the CNS?
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
What is the main function of the integumentary system?
Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes?
Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes?
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerve endings?
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels and nerve endings?
What causes goosebumps?
What causes goosebumps?
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
Which of the following is found in the dermis but NOT in the epidermis?
Which of the following is found in the dermis but NOT in the epidermis?
Which of the following is responsible for waterproofing the skin?
Which of the following is responsible for waterproofing the skin?
Which skin layer provides structural strength and flexibility due to collagen and elastin fibers?
Which skin layer provides structural strength and flexibility due to collagen and elastin fibers?
What is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
What is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
What is the function of melanocytes?
What is the function of melanocytes?
Which type of melanin is responsible for dark brown to black pigmentation?
Which type of melanin is responsible for dark brown to black pigmentation?
Which melanin pigment is responsible for red hair and freckles?
Which melanin pigment is responsible for red hair and freckles?
What happens to melanocytes when exposed to UV radiation?
What happens to melanocytes when exposed to UV radiation?
What is the primary protein that makes up nails?
What is the primary protein that makes up nails?
What is the primary protein that makes up the hair shaft?
What is the primary protein that makes up the hair shaft?
Where are new hair cells generated and keratinized?
Where are new hair cells generated and keratinized?
What is the primary function of tendons?
What is the primary function of tendons?
Which of the following is responsible for muscle stiffness during rigor mortis?
Which of the following is responsible for muscle stiffness during rigor mortis?
How does rigor mortis affect the muscles?
How does rigor mortis affect the muscles?
What ion movement is responsible for the depolarization of the neuron when the threshold potential is reached?
What ion movement is responsible for the depolarization of the neuron when the threshold potential is reached?
What happens when the threshold potential is reached?
What happens when the threshold potential is reached?
What is the term for the smooth, sustained contraction of muscle fibers caused by high-frequency stimulation?
What is the term for the smooth, sustained contraction of muscle fibers caused by high-frequency stimulation?
Which of the following describes an isometric contraction?
Which of the following describes an isometric contraction?
What is muscle tone primarily responsible for?
What is muscle tone primarily responsible for?
What is the effect of low muscle tone (hypotonia)?
What is the effect of low muscle tone (hypotonia)?
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells during intense exercise?
What is the end product of anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells during intense exercise?
What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
In which of the following cells would you expect to find high activity of the mitochondria due to the need for ATP production through aerobic respiration?
In which of the following cells would you expect to find high activity of the mitochondria due to the need for ATP production through aerobic respiration?
What is temporal summation?
What is temporal summation?
What does tetanus in muscle contraction refer to?
What does tetanus in muscle contraction refer to?
What is a twitch contraction in muscle fibers?
What is a twitch contraction in muscle fibers?
Which of the following phases occurs first in a twitch contraction?
Which of the following phases occurs first in a twitch contraction?
What happens during the contraction phase of a muscle twitch?
What happens during the contraction phase of a muscle twitch?
What does a motor unit consist of?
What does a motor unit consist of?
Which of the following is true about motor units? (Select one answer)
Which of the following is true about motor units? (Select one answer)
What is the correct sequence of components in a reflex arc?
What is the correct sequence of components in a reflex arc?
What is the role of the effector in a reflex arc?
What is the role of the effector in a reflex arc?
Which component of the reflex arc detects the stimulus and initiates the nerve impulse?
Which component of the reflex arc detects the stimulus and initiates the nerve impulse?
Which structure serves as the 'processing center' of the reflex arc, where the sensory neuron communicates with the motor neuron?
Which structure serves as the 'processing center' of the reflex arc, where the sensory neuron communicates with the motor neuron?
The knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of a reflex arc that involves which type of neuron?
The knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of a reflex arc that involves which type of neuron?
What is the primary difference between myelinated and unmyelinated neurons?
What is the primary difference between myelinated and unmyelinated neurons?
What is the advantage of saltatory conduction in myelinated neurons?
What is the advantage of saltatory conduction in myelinated neurons?
Which of the following neurons are typically unmyelinated?
Which of the following neurons are typically unmyelinated?
What is the speed of action potential conduction in myelinated fibers?
What is the speed of action potential conduction in myelinated fibers?
The phrenic nerve originates from which spinal nerve levels?
The phrenic nerve originates from which spinal nerve levels?
What is the primary function of the brachial plexus?
What is the primary function of the brachial plexus?
What happens during depolarization?
What happens during depolarization?
During repolarization, which of the following occurs?
During repolarization, which of the following occurs?
What is the primary effect of acetylcholine on smooth muscle?
What is the primary effect of acetylcholine on smooth muscle?
Norepinephrine causes which of the following effects on smooth muscle in blood vessels?
Norepinephrine causes which of the following effects on smooth muscle in blood vessels?
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the meninges?
Which of the following is the outermost layer of the meninges?
What is the function of the subarachnoid space?
What is the function of the subarachnoid space?
What condition is characterized by inflammation of the meninges?
What condition is characterized by inflammation of the meninges?
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
Which of the following structures is located between the cerebellum and the pons?
Which of the following structures is located between the cerebellum and the pons?
Which ventricle is located within the diencephalon of the brain?
Which ventricle is located within the diencephalon of the brain?
What is the most common worldwide cause of cretinism?
What is the most common worldwide cause of cretinism?
What is the primary cause of cretinism?
What is the primary cause of cretinism?
What is the primary cause of diabetes insipidus?
What is the primary cause of diabetes insipidus?
Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetes insipidus?
Which of the following is a common symptom of diabetes insipidus?
What is the main difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?
What is the main difference between diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus?
Where is the spiral organ (Organ of Corti) located?
Where is the spiral organ (Organ of Corti) located?
What is the primary function of the hair cells in the Organ of Corti?
What is the primary function of the hair cells in the Organ of Corti?
Which part of the ear does the sound wave pass through first?
Which part of the ear does the sound wave pass through first?
What happens when the hair cells in the Organ of Corti bend?
What happens when the hair cells in the Organ of Corti bend?
What is the consequence of damage to the hair cells in the Organ of Corti?
What is the consequence of damage to the hair cells in the Organ of Corti?
Which structure transmits the electrical signals from the Organ of Corti to the brain?
Which structure transmits the electrical signals from the Organ of Corti to the brain?
What is the primary difference between sensation and perception? (Select one answer)
What is the primary difference between sensation and perception? (Select one answer)
Which of the following would be an example of perception?
Which of the following would be an example of perception?
What is the primary function of proprioceptors?
What is the primary function of proprioceptors?
What type of proprioceptor detects changes in muscle tension?
What type of proprioceptor detects changes in muscle tension?
What does proprioception refer to?
What does proprioception refer to?
What would happen if proprioception was impaired? (Select one)
What would happen if proprioception was impaired? (Select one)
What is the primary function of the fovea centralis?
What is the primary function of the fovea centralis?
Where is the fovea centralis located?
Where is the fovea centralis located?
What type of vision is mainly associated with the function of the fovea centralis?
What type of vision is mainly associated with the function of the fovea centralis?
What are the two main types of photoreceptors in the retina?
What are the two main types of photoreceptors in the retina?
Which type of photoreceptor is responsible for color vision?
Which type of photoreceptor is responsible for color vision?
What vitamin is essential for vision and helps in the formation of rhodopsin?
What vitamin is essential for vision and helps in the formation of rhodopsin?
A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to which vision problem?
A deficiency in Vitamin A can lead to which vision problem?
What is the primary function of rods in the eye?
What is the primary function of rods in the eye?
What is the primary function of the retina?
What is the primary function of the retina?
What is the optic disc commonly known as?
What is the optic disc commonly known as?
What are the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear?
What are the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear?
What is the function of the auditory (Eustachian) tube?
What is the function of the auditory (Eustachian) tube?
What is the primary function of endocrine cells?
What is the primary function of endocrine cells?
How do target cells respond to hormones? (Select one correct answer)
How do target cells respond to hormones? (Select one correct answer)
What are the two main types of hormones?
What are the two main types of hormones?
What is the main function of calcitonin?
What is the main function of calcitonin?
Where is calcitonin produced?
Where is calcitonin produced?
What hormone is primarily released during the alarm stage of stress?
What hormone is primarily released during the alarm stage of stress?
During the resistance stage of stress, which hormone helps the body maintain energy?
During the resistance stage of stress, which hormone helps the body maintain energy?
The diaphragm separates which two major body cavities?
The diaphragm separates which two major body cavities?
In which body cavity is the diaphragm located?
In which body cavity is the diaphragm located?
When the diaphragm contracts, what happens to the thoracic cavity?
When the diaphragm contracts, what happens to the thoracic cavity?
The diaphragm is primarily made up of which type of tissue?
The diaphragm is primarily made up of which type of tissue?
The diaphragm plays a major role in which function?
The diaphragm plays a major role in which function?
What elements are found in ALL organic compounds?
What elements are found in ALL organic compounds?
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Which organic compound is the main component of DNA and RNA?
Which organic compound is the main component of DNA and RNA?
Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?
Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?
The cell membrane is primarily made of which type of molecule?
The cell membrane is primarily made of which type of molecule?
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
What does the term 'selectively permeable' mean in reference to the cell membrane?
What does the term 'selectively permeable' mean in reference to the cell membrane?
What is the function of cilia and flagella?
What is the function of cilia and flagella?
Flashcards
Anatomy
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
Physiology
Physiology
The study of the function of the body and its parts.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
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Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
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Proton Location and Charge
Proton Location and Charge
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Solvent
Solvent
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Cell
Cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis
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Study Notes
- Chapter 4 and 7 are not covered in this midterm study which is heavily physiology based.
Chapter 1
- Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, while physiology is the study of their function.
- Body regions have specific locations.
- The appendix is located in a specific quadrant of the body.
- The lymphatic system is an organ system with specific organs.
- Diagrams illustrate organ roles and body cavities.
- Positive feedback mechanisms exemplify physiological processes.
- Negative feedback mechanisms exemplify physiological processes.
- Homeostasis mechanisms have specific components.
- Life has a set of characteristics.
- Metabolism is a key characteristic of life.
- Levels of organization exist in a specific order.
- Important Greek and Latin words are found on slide 3.
Chapter 2
- Different types of sciences have associated roles.
- Chemistry involves matter and elements.
- Atoms have specific structures.
- Protons and neutrons are located in specific areas and have specific charges.
- Electron shells of atoms can hold a certain number of electrons.
- Different types of chemical reactions occur, like synthesis and exchange.
- Blood has a specific pH.
- Numerous organic compounds are present.
- Solvents and solutes are important concepts.
- Amino acids are key building blocks.
- Protein structure levels are illustrated on slide 60.
- Nucleic acids are essential molecules.
- RNA and DNA have key differences.
Chapter 3
- Organelles have many questions on slide 3.
- Cell membranes have specific components shown on slide 8.
- Ribosomes and plastic reticulum are important organelles.
- Organelles are shown on slide 15.
- Vesicles exhibit varying types of pressure, including osmotic pressure (45+).
- Cell cycle phases occur (slide 61).
- Mitosis has distinct stages.
- Apoptosis occurs (slide 72).
- Cells divide a certain number of times.
Chapter 5
- Connective and epithelial tissue have different categories (tables 5.2).
- Adipose tissue is a type of tissue.
- Bone, also known as osseous tissue (lucana), is important (56).
- Neurons and neuroglia are key cell types (73).
- Neurons have different types of neuroglia cells.
Chapter 6
- Different layers have distinct functions and locations.
- The epidermis has a specific order of layers (6-9).
- Melanocytes have colors (12).
- Nails have specific compositions.
- Hair cells, including the hair shaft, are made of specific components.
Chapter 8
- Tendons and rigor mortis are important concepts.
- Threshold potential are physiological concepts.
- Sustained contractions and muscle tone occur (55).
- Aerobic and anaerobic respiration occurs with specific cells (38).
- Summation is a physiological process (51).
- Motor units are essential (53).
Chapter 9
- Reflex arcs are important (63, 65, table 9).
- Myelinated and unmyelinated fibers have differences.
- Gray matter and white matter differ in the brain (86) and spinal cord.
- Plexuses and the phrenic nerve (spinal) are significant (120).
- Neuroglia supports cells (24-25).
- The neurolemma has a specific function.
- Repolarization and depolarization are key processes (30-35).
- Neurotransmitters affect smooth muscle.
- Meninges surround the brain (71, 72).
- The cerebellum has ventricles (97).
Chapter 10
- Cretinism is a disease.
- Diabetes insipidus is a disease.
- The spiral organ is involved in hearing, and hair cells are important (41).
- Sensation and perception differ (6).
- Proprioceptors and proprioception are important (12).
Eye
- The fovea centralis is important (69).
- Photoreceptors and vitamin A are key components.
- The retina is a key structure.
- The optic disc is notable (72).
- Photopigments are important (79).
Ear
- Auditory ossicles are present (34).
- The auditory tube has a function (36).
- Muscle spindles exist.
- Golgi tendon organs are present.
- Sensory adaptation occurs (7).
Chapter 11
- Endocrine cells and target cells have specific functions (2).
- There are 2 types of hormones (10).
- Negative and positive feedback mechanisms exist.
- Diabetes is a disease (31).
- Calcitonin is related to the thyroid gland (38).
- Stages of stress, alarm, and resistance are defined (63, 64).
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