Podcast
Questions and Answers
If you are given the pitch diameter and the module of a spur gear, how do you calculate the number of teeth?
If you are given the pitch diameter and the module of a spur gear, how do you calculate the number of teeth?
- Subtract the module from the pitch diameter.
- Multiply the pitch diameter by the module.
- Add the pitch diameter and the module.
- Divide the pitch diameter by the module. (correct)
What parameters affect the power ratings presented in this standard?
What parameters affect the power ratings presented in this standard?
- Material, pressure angle, and outside diameter.
- Number of teeth, Brinell Hardness Number, and module.
- Module, facewidth, and pressure angle. (correct)
- Designation of steel, module, and pitch diameter.
For a standard spur gear, how is the outside diameter calculated?
For a standard spur gear, how is the outside diameter calculated?
- Subtract two addendums from the pitch diameter.
- Add two addendums to the pitch diameter. (correct)
- Measure the gear directly with calipers.
- Multiply the pitch diameter by the module.
A gear made of hot-rolled steel designation 3140 is selected, what is its approximate Brinell Hardness Number?
A gear made of hot-rolled steel designation 3140 is selected, what is its approximate Brinell Hardness Number?
How is clearance calculated based on the information provided?
How is clearance calculated based on the information provided?
What is the formula to calculate the tooth thickness on the pitch line, given the module?
What is the formula to calculate the tooth thickness on the pitch line, given the module?
If a spur gear design requires a center distance calculation, what parameters and formula should you use from Table 1?
If a spur gear design requires a center distance calculation, what parameters and formula should you use from Table 1?
A designer chooses a module of 2 for a gear. What is most nearly the minimum whole depth, assuming it's coarser than 1.0583?
A designer chooses a module of 2 for a gear. What is most nearly the minimum whole depth, assuming it's coarser than 1.0583?
A gear system operates 12 hours a day under light shock conditions and uses grease lubrication. According to PAES 306:2000, what is the service factor?
A gear system operates 12 hours a day under light shock conditions and uses grease lubrication. According to PAES 306:2000, what is the service factor?
According to PAES 306:2000, which lubrication method requires no additional service factor to be added to the service factor for load?
According to PAES 306:2000, which lubrication method requires no additional service factor to be added to the service factor for load?
A gear system experiences uniform loading for 9 hours a day. If the lubrication is intermittent, what is the service factor, according to PAES 306:2000?
A gear system experiences uniform loading for 9 hours a day. If the lubrication is intermittent, what is the service factor, according to PAES 306:2000?
A gear system operates continuously (24 hours/day) under heavy shock conditions. What additional information is needed to calculate the total service factor using PAES 306:2000?
A gear system operates continuously (24 hours/day) under heavy shock conditions. What additional information is needed to calculate the total service factor using PAES 306:2000?
According to PAES 306:2000, how does the duration of operation per day affect the service factor under uniform loading conditions?
According to PAES 306:2000, how does the duration of operation per day affect the service factor under uniform loading conditions?
A spur gear made of hot-rolled steel designation 3140 has a power rating of 1000 watts according to table 3. What is the adjusted power rating?
A spur gear made of hot-rolled steel designation 3140 has a power rating of 1000 watts according to table 3. What is the adjusted power rating?
What happens to the power rating of a spur gear if the number of teeth is increased, assuming all other parameters remain constant?
What happens to the power rating of a spur gear if the number of teeth is increased, assuming all other parameters remain constant?
For a 1.25 module spur gear with 20 teeth operating at 600 rpm, what is the approximate power rating?
For a 1.25 module spur gear with 20 teeth operating at 600 rpm, what is the approximate power rating?
How does increasing the driver RPM affect the power rating of a spur gear, assuming the number of teeth remains constant?
How does increasing the driver RPM affect the power rating of a spur gear, assuming the number of teeth remains constant?
What is the power rating of a 1.25 module spur gear with 30 teeth running at 100 rpm?
What is the power rating of a 1.25 module spur gear with 30 teeth running at 100 rpm?
If a 1.25 module spur gear with 15 teeth is running at 800 rpm, what is the power rating?
If a 1.25 module spur gear with 15 teeth is running at 800 rpm, what is the power rating?
What is the face width for a gear with a module of 5.0 mm/tooth?
What is the face width for a gear with a module of 5.0 mm/tooth?
A 1.25 module spur gear with 25 teeth is being considered for an application. The design requires at least 2300 watts. What is the minimum driver RPM required?
A 1.25 module spur gear with 25 teeth is being considered for an application. The design requires at least 2300 watts. What is the minimum driver RPM required?
A gear designer needs to select a standard module for a new gear system. The application requires a balance between size and power transmission capability. Which of the following modules would represent a reasonable compromise?
A gear designer needs to select a standard module for a new gear system. The application requires a balance between size and power transmission capability. Which of the following modules would represent a reasonable compromise?
What is the power rating of a 1.25 module spur gear with 40 teeth operating at 1,000 rpm?
What is the power rating of a 1.25 module spur gear with 40 teeth operating at 1,000 rpm?
Based on Figure 5, what is the approximate minimum number of teeth required for Gear 1 to avoid interference when Gear 2 has 40 teeth, assuming a 20° full-depth?
Based on Figure 5, what is the approximate minimum number of teeth required for Gear 1 to avoid interference when Gear 2 has 40 teeth, assuming a 20° full-depth?
If a gear system has a driver gear with 25 teeth and a driven gear with 75 teeth, what is the gear ratio?
If a gear system has a driver gear with 25 teeth and a driven gear with 75 teeth, what is the gear ratio?
Which of the following gear pairs would be suitable for a hunting tooth gear ratio?
Which of the following gear pairs would be suitable for a hunting tooth gear ratio?
Why is a hunting tooth gear ratio used?
Why is a hunting tooth gear ratio used?
Under which conditions is the use of a hunting tooth gear ratio most appropriate?
Under which conditions is the use of a hunting tooth gear ratio most appropriate?
A gear system has a hunting tooth gear ratio. If one gear has 41 teeth, which of the following number of teeth could the other gear have?
A gear system has a hunting tooth gear ratio. If one gear has 41 teeth, which of the following number of teeth could the other gear have?
If a gear pair has a hunting tooth ratio, which of the following statements is true regarding their common divisors?
If a gear pair has a hunting tooth ratio, which of the following statements is true regarding their common divisors?
A gear system is designed with Gear 1 having 15 teeth. According to Figure 5, what is the maximum number of teeth Gear 2 can have without Gear 1 experiencing interference, assuming a 20° full-depth?
A gear system is designed with Gear 1 having 15 teeth. According to Figure 5, what is the maximum number of teeth Gear 2 can have without Gear 1 experiencing interference, assuming a 20° full-depth?
A spur gear with 20 teeth is driven at 100 rpm. According to the table, what is its approximate power rating?
A spur gear with 20 teeth is driven at 100 rpm. According to the table, what is its approximate power rating?
If a designer needs a gear to transmit approximately 55,000 watts at 400 rpm, which of the following options would be most suitable according to the table?
If a designer needs a gear to transmit approximately 55,000 watts at 400 rpm, which of the following options would be most suitable according to the table?
A gear with 15 teeth operating at 200 rpm is replaced with a gear operating at is 1,000 rpm. By approximately what percentage does the power rating increase?
A gear with 15 teeth operating at 200 rpm is replaced with a gear operating at is 1,000 rpm. By approximately what percentage does the power rating increase?
For a 25-tooth gear, beyond what RPM does the power rating increase the least per increment of RPM, based on the data in the table?
For a 25-tooth gear, beyond what RPM does the power rating increase the least per increment of RPM, based on the data in the table?
Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table?
Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table?
A machine requires a gear with a power rating of approximately 30,000 watts. Which combination of teeth and driver RPM would be most suitable according to the table?
A machine requires a gear with a power rating of approximately 30,000 watts. Which combination of teeth and driver RPM would be most suitable according to the table?
If you needed a gear to operate at 1400 rpm, and transmit approximately 40,000 watts, what number of teeth would be optimal?
If you needed a gear to operate at 1400 rpm, and transmit approximately 40,000 watts, what number of teeth would be optimal?
A gear is running at 2000 rpm. If you double the number of teeth from 11 to 22, approximately how much does the power rating increase?
A gear is running at 2000 rpm. If you double the number of teeth from 11 to 22, approximately how much does the power rating increase?
A certain application requires a gear that can handle at least 45,000 watts. At 600 RPM, what is the minimum number of teeth the gear should have?
A certain application requires a gear that can handle at least 45,000 watts. At 600 RPM, what is the minimum number of teeth the gear should have?
In a scenario where the space available limits the gear size to a maximum of 16 teeth, and the required power transmission is approximately 35,000 watts, what is the slowest speed (RPM) at which the gear can operate to meet the power requirement?
In a scenario where the space available limits the gear size to a maximum of 16 teeth, and the required power transmission is approximately 35,000 watts, what is the slowest speed (RPM) at which the gear can operate to meet the power requirement?
What happens to the power rating of a spur gear with 20 teeth as the driver RPM increases from 400 to 600?
What happens to the power rating of a spur gear with 20 teeth as the driver RPM increases from 400 to 600?
Using the table, which combination of teeth number and RPM results in a power rating closest to 5,500 watts?
Using the table, which combination of teeth number and RPM results in a power rating closest to 5,500 watts?
If a machine requires a spur gear with a power rating of at least 4,000 watts but the driver RPM cannot exceed 800, what is the minimum number of teeth the gear should have?
If a machine requires a spur gear with a power rating of at least 4,000 watts but the driver RPM cannot exceed 800, what is the minimum number of teeth the gear should have?
A gear system requires approximately 6,000 watts of power. Which of these options is closest to that requirement, according to the table?
A gear system requires approximately 6,000 watts of power. Which of these options is closest to that requirement, according to the table?
Suppose you need a gear that operates at 1,000 RPM. What is the approximate percentage increase in power rating when you increase the number of teeth from 11 to 15?
Suppose you need a gear that operates at 1,000 RPM. What is the approximate percentage increase in power rating when you increase the number of teeth from 11 to 15?
For a gear with 30 teeth, what is the power rating difference between operating it at 400 RPM compared to 800 RPM?
For a gear with 30 teeth, what is the power rating difference between operating it at 400 RPM compared to 800 RPM?
Assuming the relationship between RPM and power rating is roughly linear within a specific range, estimate the power rating for a 25-tooth gear at 400 RPM, given the ratings at 200 RPM and 600 RPM.
Assuming the relationship between RPM and power rating is roughly linear within a specific range, estimate the power rating for a 25-tooth gear at 400 RPM, given the ratings at 200 RPM and 600 RPM.
How does increasing the number of teeth on a gear generally affect its power rating, assuming the RPM is constant?
How does increasing the number of teeth on a gear generally affect its power rating, assuming the RPM is constant?
A gear system has a driver running at 1,200 RPM. If switching from a gear with 12 teeth to one with 24 teeth is an option, approximately how much does the power rating change?
A gear system has a driver running at 1,200 RPM. If switching from a gear with 12 teeth to one with 24 teeth is an option, approximately how much does the power rating change?
Based on the table, what could you say about the face width or material if a gear with 40 teeth at 2000 RPM has a listed power rating of 12000?
Based on the table, what could you say about the face width or material if a gear with 40 teeth at 2000 RPM has a listed power rating of 12000?
Flashcards
Spur Gear Materials
Spur Gear Materials
Hot-rolled steel, designations 1045 and 3140
Circular Pitch Formula
Circular Pitch Formula
π times the module
Module Formula
Module Formula
Circular Pitch divided by π
Pitch Diameter Formula
Pitch Diameter Formula
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Number of Teeth Formula
Number of Teeth Formula
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Tooth Thickness Formula
Tooth Thickness Formula
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Outside Diameter Formula
Outside Diameter Formula
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Center Distance Formula
Center Distance Formula
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What is 'Module' in gear terms?
What is 'Module' in gear terms?
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What does 'Face Width' refer to?
What does 'Face Width' refer to?
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What is 'Pressure Angle'?
What is 'Pressure Angle'?
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How to adjust power ratings for 3140 steel?
How to adjust power ratings for 3140 steel?
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What does 'RPM' mean in the table headings?
What does 'RPM' mean in the table headings?
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What does 'Number of Teeth' refer to?
What does 'Number of Teeth' refer to?
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What is a spur gear?
What is a spur gear?
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What is the table's power ratings based on?
What is the table's power ratings based on?
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What are the table values measured in?
What are the table values measured in?
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True or False - Power ratings decrease with RPM
True or False - Power ratings decrease with RPM
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Service Factor Calculation
Service Factor Calculation
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Service Factor for Load
Service Factor for Load
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Service Factor for Lubrication
Service Factor for Lubrication
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Service Factor: Uniform Load (8-10 hrs)
Service Factor: Uniform Load (8-10 hrs)
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Service Factor: Intermittent Lube
Service Factor: Intermittent Lube
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Table 5 Purpose
Table 5 Purpose
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Material Basis for Table 5
Material Basis for Table 5
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Pressure Angle Assumption
Pressure Angle Assumption
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Face Width Assumption
Face Width Assumption
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Teeth vs. Power Rating
Teeth vs. Power Rating
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RPM vs. Power Rating
RPM vs. Power Rating
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Find power rating- 40 rpm, 11 teeth
Find power rating- 40 rpm, 11 teeth
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Estimating power rating - 1000 rpm, 40 teeth
Estimating power rating - 1000 rpm, 40 teeth
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Module Size
Module Size
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Using the Table
Using the Table
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What is Table 9 used for?
What is Table 9 used for?
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What does 'rpm' mean in the table?
What does 'rpm' mean in the table?
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What do the table values represent?
What do the table values represent?
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What is steel designation 1045?
What is steel designation 1045?
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What is the 20° pressure angle?
What is the 20° pressure angle?
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What are the trends in the table?
What are the trends in the table?
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How can power rating be increased?
How can power rating be increased?
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Average face width?
Average face width?
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Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio
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Hunting Tooth Gear Ratio
Hunting Tooth Gear Ratio
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Hunting Tooth Gear Design
Hunting Tooth Gear Design
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Prime Number Tooth Sum
Prime Number Tooth Sum
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Hunting Tooth Application
Hunting Tooth Application
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High Cyclic Load Gears
High Cyclic Load Gears
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Interference Region
Interference Region
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Minimum number of teeth
Minimum number of teeth
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Study Notes
- This National Standard was initiated by AMTEC
- The project title is "Enhancing the Implementation of the AFMA Through Improved Agricultural Engineering Standards"
- The project was funded by BAR of DA.
- The standard provides specifications and proper application of drives using spur gears
- This standard does not cover manufacturing specifications of spur gears
- Normative references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard
Spur Gears
- Connect parallel shafts and have teeth formed in cylindrical blanks parallel to the shaft axis
- Transmit linear motion
Spur Gear Definitions
- Spur gear: cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are straight lines parallel to its axis, transmits rotational motion and power between two axes
- Gear tooth: projecting parts of a gear which are intended to ensure, by contact with the teeth of another gear, that one of the other gear turns the other
- Module: the quotient of the pitch, expressed in millimeters, to the number π (or the quotient of the reference diameter, expressed in millimeters, to the number of teeth)
- Pitch circle: the line of intersection of the pitch cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
- Addendum: the radial distance between the addendum circle and the pitch circle
- Addendum circle: the circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth
- Dedendum: the radial distance between the dedendum circle and the pitch circle
- Dedendum circle: the line of intersection of the dedendum cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
- Clearance: the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its meshing gear
- Pitch diameter: the diameter of the pitch circle
- Addendum diameter: the diameter of the addendum circle
- Dedendum diameter: the diameter of the of the dedendum circle
- Tooth depth: the radial distance between the addendum circle and the dedendum circle
- Circular pitch: the length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding profiles
- Tooth thickness: the width of the tooth measured along the circular pitch
- Tooth space: the space between teeth measured along the pitch circle
- Backlash: the tooth space minus the tooth thickness
- Face width: the width over the toothed part of a gear, measured along a straight line generator of the reference cylinder
- Tooth flank: The portion of the surface of a tooth lying between the tip surface and the root surface
- Pressure angle: the angle at the point where the profile cuts the pitch circle
- Base circle: of an involute cylindrical gear, the "base circle" of the involutes forming the tooth profiles
- Tooth profile: the line of intersection of a tooth flank with any defined surface cutting the reference surface
- Tooth trace: the line of intersection of a flank with the reference surface
- Involute cylindrical gear: a cylindrical gear of which every usable tooth profile is an arc of an involute to a circle
- Involute to a circle: a plane curve described by a point on a straight line (the "generating line"), which rolls out without slip on the base circle
Spur Gear Types
- Classified into 6 types according to its shape: A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, and C2
Material Specs
- Hot-rolled steel designation 1045 and 3140
- Ultimate tensile strength of 600 MPa and 724 MPa, respectively
- Brinell Hardness Number of 215 and 205, respectively
Power Ratings for Materials
- Power ratings are based on module facewidth, and pressure angle material of hot-rolled steel designation 1045
- For power ratings of hot-rolled steel designation 3140, multiple table values by 1.5
Safety Factors
- Enclosing the drive with covers is recommended for safety and to avoid foreign materials from getting in contact with the drive
- Make drive inspection on a periodic basis
- Inspect gears for wear and tear, for quality of lubricant, and for its alignment
- Tightness of keys and setscrews should also be inspected periodically
- Use proper keys as specified in PAES 304:2000, Keys and Keyways for Agricultural Machines
Gear Markings
- Type
- Module
- Number of teeth
- Manufacturer's name and/or its trademark
Packaging Markings
- Type
- Module
- Number of teeth
- Manufacturer's name, trademark and address
Hunting Tooth Gear Ratio
- A particular tooth in the pinion must mesh once with every tooth on the meshing gear when the pinion has completed as many revolutions as the number of teeth in the meshing gear
- This distributes wear more evenly
- The teeth in a pair of meshing gears are such that they do not have a common divisor
- Hunting tooth gear ratios are obtained by having the sum of the teeth in each pair equal to a prime number
- Used when both gears are hardened or hardened and ground, also used for gear pairs subjected to high cyclic loads
Design Power
- Equal to the power to be transmitted x service factor
Center Distance
- Given the module and speed ratio can be computed using the following equation: module*(t₁ + t₂)/2
Additional Service Factors for Load Type
- Uniform Loading service factors for hours of operation per day: 8-10 is 1.0, 11-16 is 1.1, 17-24 is 1.2
- Light Shock service factors for hours of operation per day:: 8-10 is 1.2, 11-16 is 1.3, 17-24 is 1.4
- Heavy shock service factors for hours of operation per day: 8-10 is 1.4, 11-16 is 1.5, 17-24 is 1.6
Service Factors for Lubrication Type
The service factor values are as follows:
- Intermittent: 0.7
- Grease: 0.4
- Oil Drip: 0.2
- Oil Bath: 0
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Description
Calculations for spur gear design including number of teeth, outside diameter, and tooth thickness. Determining Brinell hardness of steel and calculating clearance. Considering service factors and lubrication methods according to PAES 306:2000.