Spur Gear Design Calculations
51 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

If you are given the pitch diameter and the module of a spur gear, how do you calculate the number of teeth?

  • Subtract the module from the pitch diameter.
  • Multiply the pitch diameter by the module.
  • Add the pitch diameter and the module.
  • Divide the pitch diameter by the module. (correct)

What parameters affect the power ratings presented in this standard?

  • Material, pressure angle, and outside diameter.
  • Number of teeth, Brinell Hardness Number, and module.
  • Module, facewidth, and pressure angle. (correct)
  • Designation of steel, module, and pitch diameter.

For a standard spur gear, how is the outside diameter calculated?

  • Subtract two addendums from the pitch diameter.
  • Add two addendums to the pitch diameter. (correct)
  • Measure the gear directly with calipers.
  • Multiply the pitch diameter by the module.

A gear made of hot-rolled steel designation 3140 is selected, what is its approximate Brinell Hardness Number?

<p>205 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is clearance calculated based on the information provided?

<p>Subtract two addendums from the whole depth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the tooth thickness on the pitch line, given the module?

<p>$1.5708 * module$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a spur gear design requires a center distance calculation, what parameters and formula should you use from Table 1?

<p>Number of teeth of driver and driven gear and module; $module * (number \ of \ teeth1 + number \ of \ teeth2) / 2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A designer chooses a module of 2 for a gear. What is most nearly the minimum whole depth, assuming it's coarser than 1.0583?

<p>4.7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system operates 12 hours a day under light shock conditions and uses grease lubrication. According to PAES 306:2000, what is the service factor?

<p>1.7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to PAES 306:2000, which lubrication method requires no additional service factor to be added to the service factor for load?

<p>Oil, bath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system experiences uniform loading for 9 hours a day. If the lubrication is intermittent, what is the service factor, according to PAES 306:2000?

<p>1.7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system operates continuously (24 hours/day) under heavy shock conditions. What additional information is needed to calculate the total service factor using PAES 306:2000?

<p>Type of lubrication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to PAES 306:2000, how does the duration of operation per day affect the service factor under uniform loading conditions?

<p>Service factor increases with longer operating hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A spur gear made of hot-rolled steel designation 3140 has a power rating of 1000 watts according to table 3. What is the adjusted power rating?

<p>1500 watts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the power rating of a spur gear if the number of teeth is increased, assuming all other parameters remain constant?

<p>Power rating increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a 1.25 module spur gear with 20 teeth operating at 600 rpm, what is the approximate power rating?

<p>Approximately 827 watts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the driver RPM affect the power rating of a spur gear, assuming the number of teeth remains constant?

<p>The power rating increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the power rating of a 1.25 module spur gear with 30 teeth running at 100 rpm?

<p>273 watts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a 1.25 module spur gear with 15 teeth is running at 800 rpm, what is the power rating?

<p>747 watts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the face width for a gear with a module of 5.0 mm/tooth?

<p>63 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 1.25 module spur gear with 25 teeth is being considered for an application. The design requires at least 2300 watts. What is the minimum driver RPM required?

<p>2,200 rpm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear designer needs to select a standard module for a new gear system. The application requires a balance between size and power transmission capability. Which of the following modules would represent a reasonable compromise?

<p>2.0 mm/tooth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the power rating of a 1.25 module spur gear with 40 teeth operating at 1,000 rpm?

<p>2,262 watts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on Figure 5, what is the approximate minimum number of teeth required for Gear 1 to avoid interference when Gear 2 has 40 teeth, assuming a 20° full-depth?

<p>16 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a gear system has a driver gear with 25 teeth and a driven gear with 75 teeth, what is the gear ratio?

<p>3:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gear pairs would be suitable for a hunting tooth gear ratio?

<p>21 and 32 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a hunting tooth gear ratio used?

<p>To distribute wear evenly across all teeth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which conditions is the use of a hunting tooth gear ratio most appropriate?

<p>When both gears are hardened or hardened and ground. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system has a hunting tooth gear ratio. If one gear has 41 teeth, which of the following number of teeth could the other gear have?

<p>12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a gear pair has a hunting tooth ratio, which of the following statements is true regarding their common divisors?

<p>They must not have any common divisors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system is designed with Gear 1 having 15 teeth. According to Figure 5, what is the maximum number of teeth Gear 2 can have without Gear 1 experiencing interference, assuming a 20° full-depth?

<p>Approximately 38 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A spur gear with 20 teeth is driven at 100 rpm. According to the table, what is its approximate power rating?

<p>40,168 watts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a designer needs a gear to transmit approximately 55,000 watts at 400 rpm, which of the following options would be most suitable according to the table?

<p>A 35-tooth gear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear with 15 teeth operating at 200 rpm is replaced with a gear operating at is 1,000 rpm. By approximately what percentage does the power rating increase?

<p>175% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a 25-tooth gear, beyond what RPM does the power rating increase the least per increment of RPM, based on the data in the table?

<p>1,600 rpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the table?

<p>Power rating generally increases with both the number of teeth and the rpm, up to a certain point. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A machine requires a gear with a power rating of approximately 30,000 watts. Which combination of teeth and driver RPM would be most suitable according to the table?

<p>18 teeth at 600 rpm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you needed a gear to operate at 1400 rpm, and transmit approximately 40,000 watts, what number of teeth would be optimal?

<p>14 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear is running at 2000 rpm. If you double the number of teeth from 11 to 22, approximately how much does the power rating increase?

<p>Approximately 21,000 watts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A certain application requires a gear that can handle at least 45,000 watts. At 600 RPM, what is the minimum number of teeth the gear should have?

<p>27 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where the space available limits the gear size to a maximum of 16 teeth, and the required power transmission is approximately 35,000 watts, what is the slowest speed (RPM) at which the gear can operate to meet the power requirement?

<p>1,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the power rating of a spur gear with 20 teeth as the driver RPM increases from 400 to 600?

<p>It increases by approximately 35%. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the table, which combination of teeth number and RPM results in a power rating closest to 5,500 watts?

<p>18 teeth at 1,800 RPM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a machine requires a spur gear with a power rating of at least 4,000 watts but the driver RPM cannot exceed 800, what is the minimum number of teeth the gear should have?

<p>21 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system requires approximately 6,000 watts of power. Which of these options is closest to that requirement, according to the table?

<p>A gear with 22 teeth at 1,600 RPM. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you need a gear that operates at 1,000 RPM. What is the approximate percentage increase in power rating when you increase the number of teeth from 11 to 15?

<p>Approximately 56%. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a gear with 30 teeth, what is the power rating difference between operating it at 400 RPM compared to 800 RPM?

<p>There is approximately 1000 watts difference. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming the relationship between RPM and power rating is roughly linear within a specific range, estimate the power rating for a 25-tooth gear at 400 RPM, given the ratings at 200 RPM and 600 RPM.

<p>Approximately 3,216 watts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the number of teeth on a gear generally affect its power rating, assuming the RPM is constant?

<p>Increases the power rating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A gear system has a driver running at 1,200 RPM. If switching from a gear with 12 teeth to one with 24 teeth is an option, approximately how much does the power rating change?

<p>Increases by approximately 2,700 watts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the table, what could you say about the face width or material if a gear with 40 teeth at 2000 RPM has a listed power rating of 12000?

<p>The average face width is greater than 25 mm or made of stronger material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Spur Gear Materials

Hot-rolled steel, designations 1045 and 3140

Circular Pitch Formula

π times the module

Module Formula

Circular Pitch divided by π

Pitch Diameter Formula

Number of teeth multiplied by the module.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Number of Teeth Formula

Pitch diameter divided by the module.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tooth Thickness Formula

  1. 5708 multiplied by the module.
Signup and view all the flashcards

Outside Diameter Formula

Pitch diameter plus two addendums.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Center Distance Formula

(Module * (Number of teeth of driver + Number of teeth of driven gear))/2

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is 'Module' in gear terms?

A measure of gear tooth size; it is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does 'Face Width' refer to?

The width of the gear tooth in the axial direction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is 'Pressure Angle'?

The angle between the line of action and the plane tangent to the pitch circle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How to adjust power ratings for 3140 steel?

To find power rating of hot-rolled steel designation 3140

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does 'RPM' mean in the table headings?

Revolutions per minute, indicating the rotational speed of the driver gear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does 'Number of Teeth' refer to?

The number of teeth on the gear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a spur gear?

A gear with teeth that run parallel to the axis of rotation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the table's power ratings based on?

A material with a 20° pressure angle and 16 mm face width.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the table values measured in?

A measure of power, often in Watts

Signup and view all the flashcards

True or False - Power ratings decrease with RPM

Power ratings are increased with the number of teeth and with the RPM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Service Factor Calculation

Calculated by adding the service factor for the load type to the service factor for the lubrication type.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Service Factor for Load

Accounts for variations in load, such as uniform, light shock, and heavy shock, and it is based on hours of operation per day.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Service Factor for Lubrication

Accounts for the method of lubrication used, such as intermittent, grease, oil drip, and oil bath.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Service Factor: Uniform Load (8-10 hrs)

  1. 0 for uniform loading with 8-10 hours of operation per day.
Signup and view all the flashcards

Service Factor: Intermittent Lube

  1. Intermittent lubrication has a service factor of 0.7
Signup and view all the flashcards

Table 5 Purpose

A table for estimating the power rating of 2.0 module spur gears based on number of teeth and driver RPM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Material Basis for Table 5

The table values are based on steel designation 1045.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pressure Angle Assumption

The table values assume a 20° pressure angle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Face Width Assumption

The table uses an average face width of 25 mm

Signup and view all the flashcards

Teeth vs. Power Rating

Increasing the number of teeth generally increases the power rating.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RPM vs. Power Rating

Increasing the driver RPM generally increases the power rating.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Find power rating- 40 rpm, 11 teeth

At 40 rpm and 11 teeth the power rating is 108 Watts

Signup and view all the flashcards

Estimating power rating - 1000 rpm, 40 teeth

At 1000 rpm and 40 teeth the power rating is 7083 Watts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Module Size

The power ratings table is specific to 2.0 module spur gears.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Using the Table

Read across the row for the number of teeth and down the column for the driver RPM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Table 9 used for?

Table for estimating power ratings of 5.0 module spur gears.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does 'rpm' mean in the table?

Rotations Per Minute; how fast the driver gear spins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What do the table values represent?

The estimated power a gear can transmit, measured in watts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is steel designation 1045?

Steel alloy commonly used for gears.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the 20° pressure angle?

The angle between the line of action and the plane perpendicular to the center line.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the trends in the table?

Power increases with driver RPM and number of teeth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How can power rating be increased?

Increase the number of teeth or the driver RPM.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Average face width?

63 mm

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gear Ratio

Ratio of teeth between driver and driven gear (t2/t1).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hunting Tooth Gear Ratio

Gear ratio where a pinion tooth meshes with every tooth of the meshing gear over many revolutions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hunting Tooth Gear Design

Gears designed with no common divisors in their tooth counts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prime Number Tooth Sum

Sum of teeth in each gear pair equals a prime number.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hunting Tooth Application

Used when gears are hardened or hardened and ground.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High Cyclic Load Gears

Used for gear pairs subjected to high cyclic loads.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interference Region

Region on the gear tooth where involute curve isn't generated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Minimum number of teeth

A design consideration to avoid issues on a gear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • This National Standard was initiated by AMTEC
  • The project title is "Enhancing the Implementation of the AFMA Through Improved Agricultural Engineering Standards"
  • The project was funded by BAR of DA.
  • The standard provides specifications and proper application of drives using spur gears
  • This standard does not cover manufacturing specifications of spur gears
  • Normative references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard

Spur Gears

  • Connect parallel shafts and have teeth formed in cylindrical blanks parallel to the shaft axis
  • Transmit linear motion

Spur Gear Definitions

  • Spur gear: cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are straight lines parallel to its axis, transmits rotational motion and power between two axes
  • Gear tooth: projecting parts of a gear which are intended to ensure, by contact with the teeth of another gear, that one of the other gear turns the other
  • Module: the quotient of the pitch, expressed in millimeters, to the number π (or the quotient of the reference diameter, expressed in millimeters, to the number of teeth)
  • Pitch circle: the line of intersection of the pitch cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
  • Addendum: the radial distance between the addendum circle and the pitch circle
  • Addendum circle: the circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth
  • Dedendum: the radial distance between the dedendum circle and the pitch circle
  • Dedendum circle: the line of intersection of the dedendum cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
  • Clearance: the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its meshing gear
  • Pitch diameter: the diameter of the pitch circle
  • Addendum diameter: the diameter of the addendum circle
  • Dedendum diameter: the diameter of the of the dedendum circle
  • Tooth depth: the radial distance between the addendum circle and the dedendum circle
  • Circular pitch: the length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding profiles
  • Tooth thickness: the width of the tooth measured along the circular pitch
  • Tooth space: the space between teeth measured along the pitch circle
  • Backlash: the tooth space minus the tooth thickness
  • Face width: the width over the toothed part of a gear, measured along a straight line generator of the reference cylinder
  • Tooth flank: The portion of the surface of a tooth lying between the tip surface and the root surface
  • Pressure angle: the angle at the point where the profile cuts the pitch circle
  • Base circle: of an involute cylindrical gear, the "base circle" of the involutes forming the tooth profiles
  • Tooth profile: the line of intersection of a tooth flank with any defined surface cutting the reference surface
  • Tooth trace: the line of intersection of a flank with the reference surface
  • Involute cylindrical gear: a cylindrical gear of which every usable tooth profile is an arc of an involute to a circle
  • Involute to a circle: a plane curve described by a point on a straight line (the "generating line"), which rolls out without slip on the base circle

Spur Gear Types

  • Classified into 6 types according to its shape: A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, and C2

Material Specs

  • Hot-rolled steel designation 1045 and 3140
  • Ultimate tensile strength of 600 MPa and 724 MPa, respectively
  • Brinell Hardness Number of 215 and 205, respectively

Power Ratings for Materials

  • Power ratings are based on module facewidth, and pressure angle material of hot-rolled steel designation 1045
  • For power ratings of hot-rolled steel designation 3140, multiple table values by 1.5

Safety Factors

  • Enclosing the drive with covers is recommended for safety and to avoid foreign materials from getting in contact with the drive
  • Make drive inspection on a periodic basis
  • Inspect gears for wear and tear, for quality of lubricant, and for its alignment
  • Tightness of keys and setscrews should also be inspected periodically
  • Use proper keys as specified in PAES 304:2000, Keys and Keyways for Agricultural Machines

Gear Markings

  • Type
  • Module
  • Number of teeth
  • Manufacturer's name and/or its trademark

Packaging Markings

  • Type
  • Module
  • Number of teeth
  • Manufacturer's name, trademark and address

Hunting Tooth Gear Ratio

  • A particular tooth in the pinion must mesh once with every tooth on the meshing gear when the pinion has completed as many revolutions as the number of teeth in the meshing gear
  • This distributes wear more evenly
  • The teeth in a pair of meshing gears are such that they do not have a common divisor
  • Hunting tooth gear ratios are obtained by having the sum of the teeth in each pair equal to a prime number
  • Used when both gears are hardened or hardened and ground, also used for gear pairs subjected to high cyclic loads

Design Power

  • Equal to the power to be transmitted x service factor

Center Distance

  • Given the module and speed ratio can be computed using the following equation: module*(t₁ + t₂)/2

Additional Service Factors for Load Type

  • Uniform Loading service factors for hours of operation per day: 8-10 is 1.0, 11-16 is 1.1, 17-24 is 1.2
  • Light Shock service factors for hours of operation per day:: 8-10 is 1.2, 11-16 is 1.3, 17-24 is 1.4
  • Heavy shock service factors for hours of operation per day: 8-10 is 1.4, 11-16 is 1.5, 17-24 is 1.6

Service Factors for Lubrication Type

The service factor values are as follows:

  • Intermittent: 0.7
  • Grease: 0.4
  • Oil Drip: 0.2
  • Oil Bath: 0

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Calculations for spur gear design including number of teeth, outside diameter, and tooth thickness. Determining Brinell hardness of steel and calculating clearance. Considering service factors and lubrication methods according to PAES 306:2000.

More Like This

Types of Gears and Gear Configurations
9 questions
Spur Gear Types and Materials
10 questions

Spur Gear Types and Materials

InstrumentalPanther4037 avatar
InstrumentalPanther4037
External Spur Gear Nomenclature
10 questions
Spur Gear Fundamentals Quiz
45 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser