SPSS & PLS Exam Prep - Hair et al. Chapters
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Questions and Answers

What indicates a potential issue with multicollinearity in a regression analysis?

  • Bartlett's test of sphericity not significant
  • Significant Box M test result
  • VIF above 10 (correct)
  • VIF above 5
  • In the context of ANOVA, when should the Welch Statistic be used instead of the F test?

  • When the variances are equal across groups
  • When Levene's Test is significant and group sizes differ (correct)
  • When Levene's Test is significant and group sizes are equal
  • When F-statistic is not significant
  • What should be done if an interaction effect is significant in ANOVA?

  • Only focus on the main effects
  • Use a post-hoc analysis for main effects at each treatment level (correct)
  • Graph the interaction effect and interpret the main effects
  • Ignore the interaction effect completely
  • Which type of ANOVA includes both categorical and metric independent variables?

    <p>ANCOVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does variance measure in a dataset?

    <p>How much the data spread out or differ from their mean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an ordinal interaction effect in a graphical representation?

    <p>One line is consistently above another without crossing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of error occurs when rejecting a true null hypothesis?

    <p>Type 1 error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a non-directional hypothesis?

    <p>It provides a general prediction without indicating direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would you categorize a construct in research?

    <p>As a conceptual term that is quantifiable and observable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?

    <p>A proposed condition and consequence involving variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interdependence in variables refer to?

    <p>The way two variables are influenced by one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key purpose of model specification in factor analysis?

    <p>To define the number of factors and observed variables in advance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the identification step in factor analysis?

    <p>Deductive reasoning relies on a priori assumptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the estimation step, which method is most commonly used?

    <p>Maximum Likelihood (ML)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the goodness of fit index (GFI) indicate in model testing?

    <p>The overall quality of the model's fit to the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable threshold for RMSEA to indicate a good fit?

    <p>RMSEA &lt; 0.08</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a model is overfitted during model respecification?

    <p>Constraints need to be relaxed or adjusted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)?

    <p>EFA relies on data to suggest the underlying factor structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a significant result in statistical inference imply about the model?

    <p>The implied covariance matrix differs significantly from the actual data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the degrees of freedom in model fit?

    <p>To indicate the complexity of the model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common approach taken when respecifying a model to address overfitting?

    <p>Adjust some constraints or add new parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an acceptable factor loading for exploratory factors in large samples?

    <p>0.30 or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates that the item might not share much with other variables?

    <p>Low communality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal when determining the number of factors to extract?

    <p>Achieve simple structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'overidentified model' refer to?

    <p>Less parameters than unique terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method uses one variable with the highest loading for a whole factor?

    <p>Surrogate variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using summated scores?

    <p>They exclude variables with low loadings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a poor discriminant validity in a factor loading context?

    <p>Cross-loading above 0.20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an oblique rotation method?

    <p>Allows factors to be correlated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is model fit primarily assessed in factor analysis?

    <p>Using residuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)?

    <p>Testing predetermined hypotheses about variable relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In construct validity, which aspect focuses on measuring the correlation between two measures of the same concept?

    <p>Convergent validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the measure of sampling adequacy (MSA) need to be above to be considered appropriate?

    <p>.50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the eigenvalue threshold referred to as the latent root criterion?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of cluster analysis?

    <p>To group respondents or cases with similar characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the total amount of variance an original variable shares with all other variables in factor analysis?

    <p>Communality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of construct validity assesses the distinctiveness of two concepts?

    <p>Discriminant validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does multicollinearity refer to in the context of factor analysis?

    <p>The degree to which variables can be explained by one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does content validity assess?

    <p>The degree of correspondence between items in a scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nomological validity within construct validity?

    <p>To focus on making accurate predictions of other concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Examination Preparation

    • Exam format: 25 multiple choice questions (50% weighting), 2 open-ended questions (50% weighting) requiring SPSS or PLS output.
    • Required readings: Hair et al. (8th ed., 2018), specifically chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13.
    • Additional readings: Henseler, Hubona & Ray, 2016 (background reading only).
    • Lectures(handouts/slides) and the applications of assignments need to be reviewed.
    • 130 pages of summaries must be read.
    • Key terms from Hair et al. chapters are essential and must be noted.
    • Chapter summaries should be reviewed.
    • A one-pager overview of each topic is necessary.
    • Practice quizzes and questions should be attempted.

    Examination Knowledge Base

    • Factor Analysis (chapter 3)
    • ANOVA (chapter 5, 6)
    • Multiple Regression (chapter 5)
    • Logistic Regression (chapter 8)
    • SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) introduction (chapter 9)
    • Partial Least Squares (chapter 13)
    • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (chapter 10)

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    Description

    Prepare for your upcoming exam with this comprehensive quiz focusing on key concepts from Hair et al.'s chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 13. The quiz includes multiple choice and open-ended questions that require understanding of statistical techniques like ANOVA, regression, and SEM. Review chapter summaries and key terms to ensure your readiness.

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