Bio Exam (Med)

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Questions and Answers

What effect does a lower moment of inertia (I) have on angular acceleration (α) during a kick?

It has no effect on angular acceleration.

It decreases the angular acceleration.

It increases the angular acceleration. (correct)

It causes the foot to decelerate.

How does extending the kicking knee at the moment of contact with the ball affect foot speed?

It increases the radius, enhancing foot speed. (correct)

It maintains the radius without affecting foot speed.

It results in a slower impact velocity.

It decreases the radius from the hip joint to the foot.

What is the primary benefit of moving the body forward past the supporting foot during a kick?

It decreases the overall torque applied.

It increases linear momentum in the direction of the kick. (correct)

It optimises angular velocity at the hip joint.

It minimizes foot speed at impact.

What role does a large range of motion in the shoulder during the wind-up phase of a pitch play?

It allows for greater torque application and angular velocity. Signup and view all the answers

How does taking a large step toward the plate during a pitch affect kinetic energy?

It optimizes the kinetic chain for energy transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What does the sequential motion of body segments during a pitch ensure?

Each segment transfers momentum to the next segment. Signup and view all the answers

In which way does the equation $v = rω$ relate to foot speed in a kick?

Higher radius with maintained angular velocity increases foot speed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of conserving momentum during a kick?

It increases power in the kick. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of a sequential motion of the segments in a pitch?

It allows for optimal timing of force application. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does leaning the trunk backwards have during the hitting motion?

Increases the angular displacement and angular velocity. Signup and view all the answers

How does stepping into the pitch enhance a batter's performance?

It transfers momentum to the bat, increasing hit speed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of keeping elbows flexed and the bat close to the trunk during the swing?

It allows for greater angular acceleration by reducing moment of inertia. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the elbows are extended during the swing?

The radius of rotation increases, enhancing bat speed. Signup and view all the answers

Why are sprinters more effective with blocks compared to a standing start?

They allow for a steeper angle of push-off, optimizing ground reaction force. Signup and view all the answers

What role does ground reaction force play for sprinters using blocks?

It maximizes forward acceleration. Signup and view all the answers

What biomechanical advantage do elite sprinters have during the swing phase compared to novices?

Greater knee flexion. Signup and view all the answers

How does a smaller moment of inertia affect the swing of a batter?

It enables greater angular acceleration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between radius of rotation and bat speed?

Higher radius increases bat speed at contact. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to increased exit velocity of the ball?

Higher bat speed at impact. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does knee flexion during the swing phase have on a sprinter's performance?

It decreases the moment of inertia of the leg. Signup and view all the answers

According to Newton's second law, which sprinter will have greater acceleration if both apply the same force?

The lighter sprinter will have greater acceleration. Signup and view all the answers

How does arm swing during a horizontal jump affect take-off velocity?

It enhances the impulse applied to the ground. Signup and view all the answers

What role does hip and knee flexion play during the preparation phase of a horizontal jump?

It increases the range of motion and distance of force application. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of leaning the trunk forward prior to take-off in a jump?

It enhances the horizontal component of the ground reaction force. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle describes the relationship of work done to force and distance in jumps?

Work = Force × Distance Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased momentum during a jump?

It ensures better control during landing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between mass and acceleration when force is constant?

Acceleration decreases with mass. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the effectiveness of a horizontal jump with greater hip and knee flexion?

More work is performed. Signup and view all the answers

How does backward center of mass movement affect a jumper's performance?

It decreases the horizontal momentum. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a flexed elbow at the start of the execution phase have on tennis serve velocity?

Positions the arm closer to the body, allowing for greater angular acceleration Signup and view all the answers

During the late execution phase of a tennis serve, what is the benefit of extending the elbow?

Maximizes racquet speed at impact and improves serve power Signup and view all the answers

How does the sequential movement of the trunk and upper limb segments contribute to a more powerful tennis serve?

It uses the kinetic chain to transfer energy from larger muscles to smaller ones Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does a side-on stance provide to a baseball batter during the swing?

Increases rotational range of motion, leading to higher angular velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of positioning the feet shoulder-width apart with weight on the back foot in baseball batting?

Enhances stability and facilitates effective weight transfer during the swing Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing angular velocity at each segment of the body during a tennis serve affect the final outcome?

Amplifies final hand velocity at the time of impact Signup and view all the answers

What equation represents the relationship between angular velocity and linear velocity in a tennis serve?

v = ω * r Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having weight distributed more on the back foot in baseball batting?

To enhance stability and facilitate a strong weight transfer during the swing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the relationship between linear momentum and bat speed in baseball batting?

Greater momentum results in more powerful force transfer to the baseball Signup and view all the answers

What role does the flexed elbow play at the beginning of the tennis serve's execution phase?

It enables greater angular acceleration by reducing moment of inertia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the impact force experienced during landing when hip and knee flexion increases?

Impact force decreases due to extended time of deceleration. Signup and view all the answers

Why does a skater flex her elbows and adduct her hips at the start of the spin?

To decrease her moment of inertia and spin faster. Signup and view all the answers

What biomechanical factor contributes to an adult's ability to throw the ball with greater velocity compared to a child?

The adult demonstrates more trunk rotation and external shoulder rotation. Signup and view all the answers

How does the execution phase of the throw differ between adults and children?

Adults use a sequential kinetic chain to optimize energy transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of extending limbs at the end of the spin for the skater?

It decreases angular velocity, slowing down the spin. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily limits a child's ability to perform trunk rotation compared to an adult during the preparation phase of a throw?

Limited strength and motor control. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kicking

Lower moment of inertia (I) results in higher angular acceleration (α)
Extended kicking knee increases radius (r) leading to higher foot speed
Forward motion of the body increases linear momentum, enhancing kick power

Baseball Pitch

Large shoulder range of motion increases angular velocity and kinetic energy transferred to the ball
Large step towards the plate improves kinetic chain and force generation
Sequential motion of segments maximizes force application

Tennis Serve

Flexed elbow at the start reduces moment of inertia, enabling faster racquet speed
Extended elbow during late execution increases linear velocity of the racquet head
Sequential movement of trunk and limbs maximizes velocity at the hand

Baseball Batting 1

Side-on stance increases rotational range of motion, resulting in higher angular velocity
Feet shoulder-width apart with weight on the back foot enhances stability and weight transfer
Leaning the trunk backward increases torso's rotational range of motion, resulting in higher angular velocity

Baseball Batting 2

Stepping into the pitch increases linear momentum towards the ball
Keeping elbows flexed reduces moment of inertia, enabling higher angular acceleration
Extending elbows increases radius of rotation, enhancing bat speed

Sprinting

Blocks provide resistance for a powerful backward push, maximizing forward acceleration
Knee flexion during the swing phase reduces moment of inertia, leading to faster leg recovery
Lighter sprinter has greater acceleration due to the inverse relationship between acceleration and mass

Horizontal Jump

Arm swing increases impulse applied to the ground, enhancing take-off velocity
Hip and knee flexion during preparation increases range of motion and work done
Forward trunk lean increases the horizontal component of the ground reaction force
Hip and knee flexion on landing increases landing time, reducing impact force

Ice Skater

Flexing elbows and adducting hips reduces moment of inertia, increasing spin speed
Extending limbs increases moment of inertia, slowing down the spin

Throwing Technique Comparison

Adult has greater trunk rotation and shoulder external rotation compared to the child
This leads to increased torque generation and elastic energy storage, resulting in higher ball speed
Adult uses a sequential kinetic chain, optimizing energy transfer, while the child uses a single-segment movement

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Description

This quiz explores the physics behind various sports techniques, including kicking, pitching, serving in tennis, and batting in baseball. It covers concepts such as angular momentum, moment of inertia, and the kinetic chain, all essential for improving athletic performance. Test your knowledge on how these physical principles apply to sports.