Sports Nutrition and Diabetes Management

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which group is NOT specifically mentioned as requiring special dietary considerations in sports nutrition?

Athletes with diabetes

Masters-level athletes

Older adult athletes (correct)

Athletes who are vegetarians

What is the primary characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

It accounts for 95% of diabetes cases.

Insulin injections are typically not required.

The pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. (correct)

It primarily affects middle-aged adults.

What is a common symptom of diabetes?

Improved wound healing

Blurred vision (correct)

Weight gain

Increased appetite

Which type of diabetes is characterized as non-insulin-dependent?

Type 2 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of diabetes management requires careful self-monitoring for Type 1 athletes?

Meal composition Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Type 2 diabetes is accurate?

It constitutes about 95% of diabetes cases. Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary guideline is recommended for athletes with diabetes?

Follow MyPlate food recommendations Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended carbohydrate intake for athletes with Type 1 diabetes during exercise?

15 to 30 grams every 30 to 60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the average additional caloric intake required for pregnant athletes?

300 kcals/day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a special dietary concern for pregnant athletes?

Carbohydrate intake Signup and view all the answers

How much protein is typically needed in addition for pregnant athletes each day?

20 to 25 grams Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of folate for pregnant athletes?

600 µg/day Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored to help manage caloric intake during pregnancy?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

Which beverage is NOT recommended for carbohydrate consumption during exercise for diabetic athletes?

4 oz of sugary energy drink Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a consideration for athletes who are pregnant?

Age of the athlete Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is particularly emphasized for its role in energy production and tissue development during pregnancy?

Vitamin B Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily increase of Vitamin A intake for pregnant athletes?

750 to 770 µg (RAE) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dietary source of magnesium for pregnant athletes?

Whole wheat and tofu Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily iron requirement for pregnant athletes?

27 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in meal planning for college athletes?

Do not include alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant nutrient requirement for children and teens, according to their age group?

Calcium: 1,300 mg/day for ages 9 to 18 Signup and view all the answers

Why should athletes avoid alcohol?

It is banned and may have safety issues Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nutritional consideration for child and teen athletes regarding fluid intake?

Frequent reminders to drink fluids are essential Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily iron intake for teenage females aged 14 to 18 years?

15 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for the caloric intake of child and teen athletes?

It must support growth and sport needs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Special Considerations in Sports Nutrition

Individuals with specific dietary needs require adjustments beyond standard recommendations
This includes athletes with diabetes, pregnant athletes, children and teenagers, collegiate athletes, masters-level athletes, and vegetarians

Athletes with Diabetes

Affects approximately 29.1 million people in the US
Three-quarters are diagnosed; the remainder are undiagnosed
Metabolic disease affecting carbohydrate metabolism
Causes hyperglycemia, ketosis/ketoacidosis
Increases risk for heart and kidney disease, peripheral nerve damage
Involves the hormone insulin: decreased insulin release and decreased sensitivity to insulin

Types of Diabetes

Type 1:
Diagnosed mostly in children and young adults
~5% of diabetes cases
Insulin-dependent
Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin
Treatment requires insulin injections
Type 2:
Most prevalent in middle-aged and older adults
~95% of diabetes cases
Non-insulin-dependent
Pancreas produces enough or too much insulin, but cells are insensitive/resistant
Treatments include medicine, diet, and exercise

Common Symptoms of Diabetes

Excessive thirst
Excessive urination
Dehydration
Unexplained weight loss
Excessive hunger
Poor wound healing
Dizziness
Headache
Blurred vision

Diabetes and Exercise

Type 1: Requires careful self-monitoring (timing of insulin, dosage, timing of meals, and meal composition)
Type 2: Comparatively easier to manage, requiring some self-monitoring. Insulin may not be needed because exercise enhances glucose uptake

Pre-Exercise Glucose Guidelines

<100 mg/dL: Ingest 15-40g carbohydrates before exercise.
100-250 mg/dL: Safe to exercise.
>250 mg/dL with ketones: Do not exercise. Adjust insulin or medication and retest; exercise possible upon retesting.
>300 mg/dL without ketones: Exercise with caution.

Signs and Symptoms: Hypo- and Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia: Sweating, pounding heart, hunger, shakiness, confusion, lethargy, incoordination, slurred speech, irritability, headache, nausea
Hyperglycemia: Nervousness, restlessness, thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, muscle cramps, nausea, abdominal pain

General Nutritional Recommendations for Athletes with Diabetes

Follow MyPlate food recommendations.
Establish a consistent daily eating schedule.
Similar carbohydrate amounts should be consumed at meals/snacks.
Athletes needing insulin must learn the best combination of meal timing, carbohydrate intake, and insulin dosage for controlling blood sugar before exercise

Diabetics and Long Duration Exercise

Consume 15-30g carbohydrates every 30-60 minutes
8oz 6-8% sports drink
1 single serving sports gel
1 fig bar
8oz juice-water mix

Avoiding Diabetic Emergencies

Closely monitor athletes for signs and symptoms of hypo- and hyperglycemia.
Keep insulin and syringes on hand.
Have glucose tablets, juice, or regular soda available.
Educate coaches, parents, and teammates on recognizing signs and symptoms of hypo- and hyperglycemia

Considerations for Pregnant Athletes

Competition
Intensity and volume of exercise
Physician recommendations
Dietary recommendations

Special Dietary Concerns for Pregnant Athletes

Daily caloric intake
Protein consumption
B vitamins
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Magnesium
Iron

Daily Caloric Intake for Pregnant Athletes

Average 300 kcals/day extra; Range 25 to 800 kcals/day.
Especially important during the second and third trimesters
Weight gain (25-35 lbs) can help track caloric intake over time.

Protein Requirements for Pregnant Athletes

Protein needs are slightly increased; extra 20-25 grams daily.
3 cups skim milk, 3oz beef/chicken/fish, or 1.5 cups beans/lentils/legumes, or 3oz nuts

B Vitamin Requirements for Pregnant Athletes

Critical for energy production and tissue development.
Folate is especially important for DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and nervous system development
Recommended intake is 600 µg/day

Vitamin C Requirements for Pregnant Athletes

Collagen formation, hormone synthesis, & immune function
Improves iron absorption
Increase intake to 80-85 mg/day

Vitamin A Requirements for Pregnant Athletes

Needed for cell differentiation and immune function
Increase intake to 750-770 µg (RAE) daily
Obtain extra from foods (spinach, broccoli, tomato juice, carrots), not supplements

Magnesium Requirements for Pregnant Athletes

Needed for muscle contraction and energy production
Increased by 40 mg to 350-360 mg/day
Sources: whole wheat, tofu, yogurt, beans, nuts, some fish, spinach

Iron Requirements for Pregnant Athletes

Needed for red blood cell production, oxygen delivery, and energy level.
Increase intake to 27 mg/day
Sources: Beef, poultry, fish, legumes, iron-fortified grains; supplementation may be needed

Nutritional Considerations for Child and Teen Athletes

Caloric Intake: Must support growth and meet sport needs.
Nutrient Intake: Adequate to maintain growth.
Fluid Requirements: Less heat tolerance; drink reminders are needed; improve intake through accessibility and flavor.

Vitamin/Mineral Requirements for Child and Teen Athletes

Calcium (9-18 years): 1,300mg/day
Iron (9-13 years): 8mg/day
Iron (14-18 male): 11mg/day
Iron (14-18 female): 15mg/day

Nutritional Considerations for College Athletes

First exposure to meal planning.
Caloric needs may increase.
Make a meal plan (- No skipped meals).
Avoid alcohol.
Life after graduation.

Why Athletes Should Avoid Alcohol

Use is often banned.
Can be illegal (age).
Safety concerns (driving).
Nutritionally "empty" - poor carbohydrate source.
Can increase body fat.
Stimulates appetite

Preparing College Athletes for Life After Graduation

Calorie needs may decline.
Continue to acquire nutritional self-care skills (meal planning, cooking, grocery shopping, managing business/social life, alcohol intake, dining out, travel nutrition.)

Special Considerations for Masters Athletes

Altered caloric needs
Altered vitamin and mineral needs
Decrease chromium
Decrease iron
Increase vitamin D
Increase calcium
Increase magnesium
Chronic diseases
Food-drug interactions

Famous Vegetarian Athletes

List of athletes and coaches following/followed a vegetarian diet (Hank Aaron, Danny Garcia, Venus Williams, Tony LaRussa, etc)

Special Considerations for Vegetarian Athletes

Plant-based diet
Types of vegetarians (semi, pesco, lacto-ovo, lacto, ovo, vegan)
Protein intake (complementation)
Vitamin D and B12
Zinc (Zn), Calcium (Ca), and Iron (Fe) intake
Eating out on the road

Complementing Proteins for Vegetarians

Animal products, soy products, grains, legumes, and nuts/seeds are complimentary sources of protein
Grains complement legumes, and legumes complement nuts/seeds

Vegetarian Dining Resources

Websites for locating vegetarian restaurants.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz focuses on the intersection of sports nutrition and diabetes management, addressing special dietary considerations for athletes with diabetes. Participants will test their knowledge on diabetes types, symptoms, and recommended dietary guidelines specific to these athletes.