Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which schedule of drugs has the highest potential for abuse?
Which schedule of drugs has the highest potential for abuse?
- Schedule I (correct)
- Schedule III
- Schedule V
- Schedule II
Which of the following substances is categorized as a Schedule II drug?
Which of the following substances is categorized as a Schedule II drug?
- Ketamine
- Cocaine (correct)
- Marijuana
- Anabolic steroids
What is the primary characteristic of Schedule V drugs?
What is the primary characteristic of Schedule V drugs?
- Not accepted for medical use and high potential for abuse
- Accepted for medical use with low potential for abuse (correct)
- Dangerous drugs with no medical benefit
- Accepted for medical use but with high abuse potential
Which drug is not included in Schedule I?
Which drug is not included in Schedule I?
Anabolic steroids are classified under which schedule of drugs?
Anabolic steroids are classified under which schedule of drugs?
What is the primary difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?
What is the primary difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?
Who typically administers medications to minors in secondary school settings?
Who typically administers medications to minors in secondary school settings?
What is a crucial responsibility of members of the sports medicine team regarding medication?
What is a crucial responsibility of members of the sports medicine team regarding medication?
Why is substance control important in the context of prescription and OTC medications?
Why is substance control important in the context of prescription and OTC medications?
How does the role of the athletic trainer (AT) change when working with minors?
How does the role of the athletic trainer (AT) change when working with minors?
Which team member takes a leadership role within the sports medicine team?
Which team member takes a leadership role within the sports medicine team?
What influences the regulations regarding medications that healthcare providers must follow?
What influences the regulations regarding medications that healthcare providers must follow?
Which of the following is NOT typically part of the sports medicine team?
Which of the following is NOT typically part of the sports medicine team?
What is the primary role of the FDA in drug regulation?
What is the primary role of the FDA in drug regulation?
Why should student aides not be involved in managing medication?
Why should student aides not be involved in managing medication?
What significant change followed the thalidomide tragedy in 1961?
What significant change followed the thalidomide tragedy in 1961?
Which agency oversees concerns related to hazardous drug exposure?
Which agency oversees concerns related to hazardous drug exposure?
What is the primary difference between heroin and cocaine as classified under the Controlled Substances Act?
What is the primary difference between heroin and cocaine as classified under the Controlled Substances Act?
Which drug is classified as a Schedule I substance?
Which drug is classified as a Schedule I substance?
What does the acronym DEA stand for?
What does the acronym DEA stand for?
Controlled substances must be handled by which of the following?
Controlled substances must be handled by which of the following?
What is the effect of submitting evidence of a drug’s safety and effectiveness to the FDA?
What is the effect of submitting evidence of a drug’s safety and effectiveness to the FDA?
How do drugs classified in Schedule II differ from those in Schedule I?
How do drugs classified in Schedule II differ from those in Schedule I?
Why might patients misunderstand the meaning of a drug being 'FDA approved'?
Why might patients misunderstand the meaning of a drug being 'FDA approved'?
What is a significant consequence of the confusion about drug safety among the public?
What is a significant consequence of the confusion about drug safety among the public?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of athletic training clinics related to controlled substances?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of athletic training clinics related to controlled substances?
What must medical professionals comply with when prescribing medications to athletes?
What must medical professionals comply with when prescribing medications to athletes?
Which of the following substances is classified as a Schedule II drug?
Which of the following substances is classified as a Schedule II drug?
What is the primary responsibility of the directing physician in a sports medicine facility?
What is the primary responsibility of the directing physician in a sports medicine facility?
Which professionals can legally dispense prescription medications according to current state and federal laws?
Which professionals can legally dispense prescription medications according to current state and federal laws?
What is the difference between drug administration and drug dispensing?
What is the difference between drug administration and drug dispensing?
In which situations are athletic trainers allowed to administer medications?
In which situations are athletic trainers allowed to administer medications?
What must athletic trainers keep in mind when dispensing OTC medications?
What must athletic trainers keep in mind when dispensing OTC medications?
What is a formulary in the context of athletic training?
What is a formulary in the context of athletic training?
What legal authority is required for an athletic trainer to administer medication to minors?
What legal authority is required for an athletic trainer to administer medication to minors?
What is an important step athletic trainers must take when traveling with athletes?
What is an important step athletic trainers must take when traveling with athletes?
Why is the utility of dispensing sample medications controversial?
Why is the utility of dispensing sample medications controversial?
What must athletic trainers document when dispensing medications?
What must athletic trainers document when dispensing medications?
Which of the following best describes the athlete's responsibility regarding prohibited medications?
Which of the following best describes the athlete's responsibility regarding prohibited medications?
What can athletic trainers act as concerning medication to athletes?
What can athletic trainers act as concerning medication to athletes?
What is required for athletic trainers to understand when administering medications?
What is required for athletic trainers to understand when administering medications?
Which of these organizations has developed standards for the use of sample medications?
Which of these organizations has developed standards for the use of sample medications?
Which schedule of drugs typically includes anabolic steroids?
Which schedule of drugs typically includes anabolic steroids?
Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
What is one example of a Schedule II drug?
What is one example of a Schedule II drug?
Drugs classified as Schedule V represent the ______ potential for abuse of the controlled substances.
Drugs classified as Schedule V represent the ______ potential for abuse of the controlled substances.
Match the following drug schedules with their characteristics:
Match the following drug schedules with their characteristics:
What is the primary reason for regulating prescription drugs?
What is the primary reason for regulating prescription drugs?
Athletic trainers are permitted to dispense over-the-counter medications to minors in all states.
Athletic trainers are permitted to dispense over-the-counter medications to minors in all states.
Who typically oversees the medication management process within a sports medicine team?
Who typically oversees the medication management process within a sports medicine team?
In many states, the administration of medications in secondary schools requires consent from a ______.
In many states, the administration of medications in secondary schools requires consent from a ______.
Match each member of the sports medicine team to their primary role.
Match each member of the sports medicine team to their primary role.
Which of the following professionals is NOT typically part of the sports medicine team?
Which of the following professionals is NOT typically part of the sports medicine team?
It is critical for sports medicine team members to be aware of state laws regarding medication administration.
It is critical for sports medicine team members to be aware of state laws regarding medication administration.
The term ______ refers to drugs that can be obtained without a prescription.
The term ______ refers to drugs that can be obtained without a prescription.
What should volunteer student aides be prohibited from doing in a sports medicine setting?
What should volunteer student aides be prohibited from doing in a sports medicine setting?
All drugs have an FDA-approved medical use.
All drugs have an FDA-approved medical use.
What is the main role of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?
What is the main role of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?
The FDA is responsible for regulating the ______, efficacy, and security of drugs.
The FDA is responsible for regulating the ______, efficacy, and security of drugs.
What tragic event in the 1960s led to increased drug testing requirements?
What tragic event in the 1960s led to increased drug testing requirements?
Thalidomide is currently banned for all uses in the United States.
Thalidomide is currently banned for all uses in the United States.
List two federal agencies involved in drug regulation.
List two federal agencies involved in drug regulation.
Controlled substances must be handled by a ______ who is registered with the DEA.
Controlled substances must be handled by a ______ who is registered with the DEA.
Match the following drugs with their classification:
Match the following drugs with their classification:
Which of the following drugs is considered a local anesthetic?
Which of the following drugs is considered a local anesthetic?
Why is patient understanding of drug safety often problematic?
Why is patient understanding of drug safety often problematic?
All members of the sports medicine team must be aware of drug regulations.
All members of the sports medicine team must be aware of drug regulations.
Which schedule of drugs has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use?
Which schedule of drugs has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use?
According to drug schedules, ______ drugs are considered to have less potential for abuse.
According to drug schedules, ______ drugs are considered to have less potential for abuse.
What is the term for the testing process that drugs must go through before FDA approval?
What is the term for the testing process that drugs must go through before FDA approval?
Who is primarily responsible for ensuring that records and medications are properly managed in a sports medicine facility?
Who is primarily responsible for ensuring that records and medications are properly managed in a sports medicine facility?
Athletic trainers can legally dispense prescription medications under standing orders.
Athletic trainers can legally dispense prescription medications under standing orders.
What role do athletic trainers play in the administration of over-the-counter medications?
What role do athletic trainers play in the administration of over-the-counter medications?
A formulary is a list of medications used by a __________.
A formulary is a list of medications used by a __________.
What is a potential risk when athletic trainers administer medications?
What is a potential risk when athletic trainers administer medications?
Athletes are solely responsible for understanding prohibited medications.
Athletes are solely responsible for understanding prohibited medications.
What must athletic trainers develop regarding medication procedures?
What must athletic trainers develop regarding medication procedures?
Athletes traveling with athletic trainers must understand __________ laws and regulations.
Athletes traveling with athletic trainers must understand __________ laws and regulations.
Match the following roles to their responsibilities concerning medications:
Match the following roles to their responsibilities concerning medications:
What is one of the limitations for athletic trainers regarding medication administration?
What is one of the limitations for athletic trainers regarding medication administration?
Sample medications can be dispensed easily and without controversy in hospital systems.
Sample medications can be dispensed easily and without controversy in hospital systems.
What must doctors do with expired medications?
What must doctors do with expired medications?
The athletic trainer must not administer medications to __________ without proper legal authority.
The athletic trainer must not administer medications to __________ without proper legal authority.
In which setting might athletic trainers need to consider unique medication management?
In which setting might athletic trainers need to consider unique medication management?
Accreditation organizations have no impact on the use of sample medications in athletic training.
Accreditation organizations have no impact on the use of sample medications in athletic training.
Which professionals can be delegated the authority to dispense medications in some states?
Which professionals can be delegated the authority to dispense medications in some states?
Which of the following substances is classified under Schedule III?
Which of the following substances is classified under Schedule III?
Schedule V drugs have no potential for abuse.
Schedule V drugs have no potential for abuse.
Name one drug that is classified as a Schedule I substance.
Name one drug that is classified as a Schedule I substance.
Drugs classified as Schedule II can lead to ______ dependence.
Drugs classified as Schedule II can lead to ______ dependence.
Match the following drug schedules with their definitions:
Match the following drug schedules with their definitions:
What is one role that a school nurse can perform regarding medication in a secondary school setting?
What is one role that a school nurse can perform regarding medication in a secondary school setting?
Athletic trainers can legally provide OTC medications to minors in all states.
Athletic trainers can legally provide OTC medications to minors in all states.
What must members of the sports medicine team comply with concerning medication management?
What must members of the sports medicine team comply with concerning medication management?
In addition to athletic trainers (ATs), other healthcare providers involved in the sports medicine team include physicians, pharmacists, and __________.
In addition to athletic trainers (ATs), other healthcare providers involved in the sports medicine team include physicians, pharmacists, and __________.
Match the following members of the sports medicine team with their primary responsibilities:
Match the following members of the sports medicine team with their primary responsibilities:
Which of the following is a primary concern regarding substance control in sports medicine?
Which of the following is a primary concern regarding substance control in sports medicine?
The role of the directing physician in the sports medicine team is primarily administrative.
The role of the directing physician in the sports medicine team is primarily administrative.
Which federal agency enforces laws related to controlled substances?
Which federal agency enforces laws related to controlled substances?
All members of the sports medicine team are allowed to administer medications without restrictions.
All members of the sports medicine team are allowed to administer medications without restrictions.
What must healthcare providers comply with when prescribing medications to athletes?
What must healthcare providers comply with when prescribing medications to athletes?
A drug is any substance that creates a physiological change in the body, except for ______ and ______.
A drug is any substance that creates a physiological change in the body, except for ______ and ______.
Match the following drug classification with their potential for abuse:
Match the following drug classification with their potential for abuse:
What change occurred as a result of the thalidomide tragedy?
What change occurred as a result of the thalidomide tragedy?
The FDA has jurisdiction over dietary supplements.
The FDA has jurisdiction over dietary supplements.
What is considered a primary characteristic of Schedule I drugs?
What is considered a primary characteristic of Schedule I drugs?
Heroin is classified as a Schedule I drug, while cocaine is classified as a Schedule ______ drug.
Heroin is classified as a Schedule I drug, while cocaine is classified as a Schedule ______ drug.
Which of the following drugs has been linked to birth defects due to its use during pregnancy?
Which of the following drugs has been linked to birth defects due to its use during pregnancy?
Student aides are allowed to manage medications in a sports medicine facility.
Student aides are allowed to manage medications in a sports medicine facility.
What is the responsibility of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)?
What is the responsibility of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)?
Students must follow the requirements of standing orders from the ______ physician.
Students must follow the requirements of standing orders from the ______ physician.
Which drug is known for having undergone a notable regulatory change due to safety concerns in pregnancy?
Which drug is known for having undergone a notable regulatory change due to safety concerns in pregnancy?
The FDA allows any drug to be marketed as long as it has been tested for safety.
The FDA allows any drug to be marketed as long as it has been tested for safety.
What is the primary responsibility of a team physician for athletes?
What is the primary responsibility of a team physician for athletes?
Athletic Trainers (ATs) are legally allowed to dispense prescription medications under any circumstances.
Athletic Trainers (ATs) are legally allowed to dispense prescription medications under any circumstances.
What must athletic trainers understand regarding the administration of medications?
What must athletic trainers understand regarding the administration of medications?
A formulary is a list of _______ used by a healthcare entity.
A formulary is a list of _______ used by a healthcare entity.
Match the responsibilities of athletic trainers with their descriptions:
Match the responsibilities of athletic trainers with their descriptions:
Which medications are athletic trainers typically allowed to administer?
Which medications are athletic trainers typically allowed to administer?
Physicians can delegate prescription drug dispensing to athletic trainers.
Physicians can delegate prescription drug dispensing to athletic trainers.
What type of medication must athletic trainers NOT administer to minors?
What type of medication must athletic trainers NOT administer to minors?
The authority to administer medications in a sports medicine setting is defined by _______ and practice acts.
The authority to administer medications in a sports medicine setting is defined by _______ and practice acts.
What must all medications dispensed by athletic trainers be documented for?
What must all medications dispensed by athletic trainers be documented for?
Team physicians must be familiar with banned or restricted medications across sports governing bodies.
Team physicians must be familiar with banned or restricted medications across sports governing bodies.
In case of an emergency, what are athletic trainers permitted to administer?
In case of an emergency, what are athletic trainers permitted to administer?
When traveling with athletes, ATs must understand _______ laws and regulations.
When traveling with athletes, ATs must understand _______ laws and regulations.
Match the following terms related to medication administration:
Match the following terms related to medication administration:
What characteristics differentiate Schedule III drugs from Schedule II drugs?
What characteristics differentiate Schedule III drugs from Schedule II drugs?
What is the significance of the Controlled Substances Act in relation to drug scheduling?
What is the significance of the Controlled Substances Act in relation to drug scheduling?
How does the classification of a drug as Schedule I affect its medical use?
How does the classification of a drug as Schedule I affect its medical use?
In what way do prescription medications differ from noncontrolled substances regarding abuse risk?
In what way do prescription medications differ from noncontrolled substances regarding abuse risk?
Why is it important for athletic trainers to understand the different schedules of controlled substances?
Why is it important for athletic trainers to understand the different schedules of controlled substances?
What role do state regulations play in the prescription and dispensing of medications by healthcare providers?
What role do state regulations play in the prescription and dispensing of medications by healthcare providers?
Why is it crucial for members of the sports medicine team to understand federal and state laws regarding medications?
Why is it crucial for members of the sports medicine team to understand federal and state laws regarding medications?
What distinguishes the administration of medications by healthcare providers in the context of youth sports?
What distinguishes the administration of medications by healthcare providers in the context of youth sports?
What are some of the healthcare professionals that may be part of a sports medicine team?
What are some of the healthcare professionals that may be part of a sports medicine team?
What challenges do athletic trainers face when dispensing over-the-counter medications to minors?
What challenges do athletic trainers face when dispensing over-the-counter medications to minors?
How does the role of the directing physician contribute to the effectiveness of a sports medicine team?
How does the role of the directing physician contribute to the effectiveness of a sports medicine team?
Why is it important for healthcare providers in sports medicine to understand both controlled and noncontrolled medications?
Why is it important for healthcare providers in sports medicine to understand both controlled and noncontrolled medications?
What is one of the key responsibilities of athletic trainers regarding medication management?
What is one of the key responsibilities of athletic trainers regarding medication management?
What is the role of the directing physician in safeguarding medication records in a sports medicine facility?
What is the role of the directing physician in safeguarding medication records in a sports medicine facility?
Why is the administration of medications by athletic trainers limited to over-the-counter (OTC) medications and emergency drugs?
Why is the administration of medications by athletic trainers limited to over-the-counter (OTC) medications and emergency drugs?
What is the primary distinction between drug administration and drug dispensing?
What is the primary distinction between drug administration and drug dispensing?
What must athletic trainers ensure regarding the formulary when traveling with athletes?
What must athletic trainers ensure regarding the formulary when traveling with athletes?
Under what conditions can athletic trainers administer prescription drugs?
Under what conditions can athletic trainers administer prescription drugs?
What legal requirement must be fulfilled for athletic trainers to administer medications to minors?
What legal requirement must be fulfilled for athletic trainers to administer medications to minors?
What should athletic trainers document when administering or dispensing medications?
What should athletic trainers document when administering or dispensing medications?
What role do state practice acts play in the administration of medications by athletic trainers?
What role do state practice acts play in the administration of medications by athletic trainers?
What is a key responsibility of athletic trainers relating to emergency medications?
What is a key responsibility of athletic trainers relating to emergency medications?
How should athletic trainers handle the disposal of expired medications?
How should athletic trainers handle the disposal of expired medications?
What should athletic trainers do if they have questions about medications administered to athletes?
What should athletic trainers do if they have questions about medications administered to athletes?
What is the rationale for prohibiting team physicians from delegating prescription drug dispensing to ATs?
What is the rationale for prohibiting team physicians from delegating prescription drug dispensing to ATs?
What must athletic trainers familiarize themselves with when working with athletes in different states?
What must athletic trainers familiarize themselves with when working with athletes in different states?
What are the implications of the accreditation standards set by organizations like the Joint Commission for medication management in athletic training?
What are the implications of the accreditation standards set by organizations like the Joint Commission for medication management in athletic training?
What guidelines should be outlined in a clinic regarding medication administration?
What guidelines should be outlined in a clinic regarding medication administration?
What is the role of student aides in the management of medications?
What is the role of student aides in the management of medications?
Which federal agency is responsible for enforcing laws related to controlled substances?
Which federal agency is responsible for enforcing laws related to controlled substances?
What must healthcare professionals maintain when handling controlled substances?
What must healthcare professionals maintain when handling controlled substances?
Why is the approval process by the FDA for new drugs significant?
Why is the approval process by the FDA for new drugs significant?
What legislative act was a reaction to deaths caused by inadequately tested drugs in 1938?
What legislative act was a reaction to deaths caused by inadequately tested drugs in 1938?
What was the major consequence of the thalidomide tragedy in 1961?
What was the major consequence of the thalidomide tragedy in 1961?
How does the classification of drugs into schedules relate to their potential for abuse?
How does the classification of drugs into schedules relate to their potential for abuse?
What distinguishes heroin from cocaine in terms of legal classification under the Controlled Substance Act?
What distinguishes heroin from cocaine in terms of legal classification under the Controlled Substance Act?
What misconception do patients often have regarding FDA-approved medications?
What misconception do patients often have regarding FDA-approved medications?
What specific responsibility do athletic trainers (ATs) have when handling medications?
What specific responsibility do athletic trainers (ATs) have when handling medications?
What is the main purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in relation to drugs?
What is the main purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in relation to drugs?
Why should athletic training facilities often avoid storing controlled substances?
Why should athletic training facilities often avoid storing controlled substances?
Flashcards
Prescription Drugs
Prescription Drugs
Medications that require a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider to be dispensed.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs
Medications that can be bought without a prescription.
Substance Control
Substance Control
The practice of regulating the production, distribution, and sale of medications to prevent misuse.
Directing Physician
Directing Physician
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Athletic Trainer (AT)
Athletic Trainer (AT)
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Pharmacist (PharmD)
Pharmacist (PharmD)
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Physical Therapist (DPT)
Physical Therapist (DPT)
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Registered Nurse (RN)
Registered Nurse (RN)
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Team Physician
Team Physician
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Drug Administration
Drug Administration
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Drug Dispensing
Drug Dispensing
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Formulary
Formulary
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Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form
Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form
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Therapeutic-Use Exemption Waivers
Therapeutic-Use Exemption Waivers
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Athletic Trainer Role in Prescription Dispensing
Athletic Trainer Role in Prescription Dispensing
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Athletic Trainer Role in Medication Administration
Athletic Trainer Role in Medication Administration
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Physician Delegation of Dispensing
Physician Delegation of Dispensing
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Medication Laws and Regulations
Medication Laws and Regulations
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Medication Storage and Inventory
Medication Storage and Inventory
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Athletes' Medication Resource
Athletes' Medication Resource
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Medication Requirements in Sports Settings
Medication Requirements in Sports Settings
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Medication Regulations When Traveling
Medication Regulations When Traveling
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Schedule I Drugs
Schedule I Drugs
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Schedule II Drugs
Schedule II Drugs
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Schedule III Drugs
Schedule III Drugs
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Schedule V Drugs
Schedule V Drugs
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Noncontrolled Substances
Noncontrolled Substances
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What does the FDA regulate?
What does the FDA regulate?
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What is the DEA responsible for?
What is the DEA responsible for?
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What role does OSHA play in medication administration?
What role does OSHA play in medication administration?
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What is a drug?
What is a drug?
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What event triggered the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
What event triggered the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
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What incident led to stricter drug testing?
What incident led to stricter drug testing?
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What amendment was passed after the thalidomide tragedy?
What amendment was passed after the thalidomide tragedy?
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How are drugs classified?
How are drugs classified?
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What are the characteristics of Schedule I drugs?
What are the characteristics of Schedule I drugs?
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What are the characteristics of Schedule II-V drugs?
What are the characteristics of Schedule II-V drugs?
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What is a drug example of a Schedule I drug?
What is a drug example of a Schedule I drug?
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What is a drug example of a Schedule II drug?
What is a drug example of a Schedule II drug?
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What regulations must prescribers follow?
What regulations must prescribers follow?
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What are the requirements for handling controlled substances?
What are the requirements for handling controlled substances?
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Why are some facilities avoiding controlled substances?
Why are some facilities avoiding controlled substances?
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State Laws and Regulations
State Laws and Regulations
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Medication and Minors
Medication and Minors
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Medication Dispensing
Medication Dispensing
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Medication Administration
Medication Administration
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What is a team physician?
What is a team physician?
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What types of physicians are usually team physicians?
What types of physicians are usually team physicians?
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What can Athletic Trainers NOT do regarding medications?
What can Athletic Trainers NOT do regarding medications?
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What CAN Athletic Trainers do regarding medications?
What CAN Athletic Trainers do regarding medications?
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What is a formulary?
What is a formulary?
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What is the Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form?
What is the Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form?
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What is a Therapeutic-Use Exemption Waiver?
What is a Therapeutic-Use Exemption Waiver?
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Who must the Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form be discussed with?
Who must the Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form be discussed with?
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Who can't physicians delegate the duty of prescription drug dispensing to?
Who can't physicians delegate the duty of prescription drug dispensing to?
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Who CAN physicians delegate the duty of prescription drug dispensing to?
Who CAN physicians delegate the duty of prescription drug dispensing to?
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What is the first step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
What is the first step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
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What is the second step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
What is the second step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
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What is the third step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
What is the third step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
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What is the fourth step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
What is the fourth step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
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What is the fifth step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
What is the fifth step in ensuring safe medication practices for an Athletic Trainer?
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What agency regulates drug safety and effectiveness in the U.S.?
What agency regulates drug safety and effectiveness in the U.S.?
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Who enforces federal laws regarding controlled substances?
Who enforces federal laws regarding controlled substances?
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Which agency protects workers from hazardous drug exposure and contamination?
Which agency protects workers from hazardous drug exposure and contamination?
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What is a controlled substance?
What is a controlled substance?
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How are drugs classified based on their potential for abuse?
How are drugs classified based on their potential for abuse?
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What act mandated testing of drugs before marketing in the U.S.?
What act mandated testing of drugs before marketing in the U.S.?
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What drug tragedy led to stricter drug testing for potential harm to a developing fetus?
What drug tragedy led to stricter drug testing for potential harm to a developing fetus?
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What amendment strengthened drug regulations after the thalidomide tragedy?
What amendment strengthened drug regulations after the thalidomide tragedy?
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What is an example of a Schedule I drug?
What is an example of a Schedule I drug?
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What is an example of a Schedule II drug?
What is an example of a Schedule II drug?
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What are the requirements for healthcare professionals handling controlled substances?
What are the requirements for healthcare professionals handling controlled substances?
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Why do some facilities avoid controlled substances?
Why do some facilities avoid controlled substances?
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Can an athletic trainer dispense prescription medications?
Can an athletic trainer dispense prescription medications?
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What medication tasks can athletic trainers perform?
What medication tasks can athletic trainers perform?
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Prescription vs. OTC Drugs
Prescription vs. OTC Drugs
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Substance Control: Why Is It Important?
Substance Control: Why Is It Important?
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Who's the Leader in Sports Medicine?
Who's the Leader in Sports Medicine?
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State vs. Federal Medication Laws
State vs. Federal Medication Laws
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Medication Rules in Schools (Minors)
Medication Rules in Schools (Minors)
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What Can't an Athletic Trainer Do?
What Can't an Athletic Trainer Do?
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What Can an Athletic Trainer Do?
What Can an Athletic Trainer Do?
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Role of the Team Physician
Role of the Team Physician
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Who can physicians NOT delegate dispensing to?
Who can physicians NOT delegate dispensing to?
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Who CAN physicians delegate dispensing to?
Who CAN physicians delegate dispensing to?
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Controlled Substances
Controlled Substances
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
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Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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Drug
Drug
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)
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Thalidomide Tragedy
Thalidomide Tragedy
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Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962)
Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962)
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Heroin as a Schedule I Drug
Heroin as a Schedule I Drug
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Cocaine as a Schedule II Drug
Cocaine as a Schedule II Drug
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Athletic Trainer
Athletic Trainer
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Physician
Physician
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Pharmacist
Pharmacist
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Physical Therapist
Physical Therapist
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What are the limits for ATs regarding medications?
What are the limits for ATs regarding medications?
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So, what CAN an athletic trainer do with medications?
So, what CAN an athletic trainer do with medications?
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What is meant by a 'formulary'?
What is meant by a 'formulary'?
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What is an 'Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form'?
What is an 'Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency Form'?
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What is meant by a 'Therapeutic-Use Exemption Waiver'?
What is meant by a 'Therapeutic-Use Exemption Waiver'?
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Who can't physicians delegate prescription drug dispensing to?
Who can't physicians delegate prescription drug dispensing to?
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What are 'controlled substances'?
What are 'controlled substances'?
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What was a key event prompting stricter drug regulations?
What was a key event prompting stricter drug regulations?
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What incident triggered more rigorous drug testing for safety?
What incident triggered more rigorous drug testing for safety?
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What amendment made drug testing more strict?
What amendment made drug testing more strict?
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What role does the FDA play in drug regulation?
What role does the FDA play in drug regulation?
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What's the DEA's role in medication?
What's the DEA's role in medication?
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What is OSHA's role regarding medication?
What is OSHA's role regarding medication?
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What event led to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
What event led to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
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What tragedy prompted stricter drug testing for fetal safety?
What tragedy prompted stricter drug testing for fetal safety?
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Why is heroin classified as a Schedule I drug?
Why is heroin classified as a Schedule I drug?
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Why is cocaine classified as a Schedule II drug?
Why is cocaine classified as a Schedule II drug?
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Why do some healthcare facilities avoid controlled substances?
Why do some healthcare facilities avoid controlled substances?
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Study Notes
Prescription and OTC Medications in Sports Medicine
- Prescription medications require a medical prescription for dispensing; over-the-counter (OTC) medications do not.
- Substance control is essential due to potential misuse, abuse, and practicing medicine without proper qualifications or licensure.
- Jurisdictions vary in defining prescription drugs; prescribers must often register with regulatory agencies (e.g., state boards of pharmacy) to legally dispense controlled or non-controlled prescription medications.
- State laws differ significantly, affecting sports medicine team members, especially in youth sports due to age restrictions. In school systems, a school doctor, nurse, parent/guardian, or the student themselves can often administer medication. Variations exist across states. An athletic trainer (AT) may not dispense OTC medications to minors in most states.
- Different jurisdictions have diverse definitions of prescription drugs and regulations for their prescription and dispensation. State laws prioritize responsible medication management, especially in youth sports, where dispensing practices may differ significantly.
Roles and Responsibilities for HCPs
- Athletic trainers (ATs), physicians, pharmacists, physical therapists, nurses, physician assistants, chiropractors, and athletic training students may be part of the sports medicine team.
- Each member works within their scope of practice, adhering to protocols for storing, packaging, transporting, and administering medications (both prescription and OTC).
- Compliance with federal, state, and institutional regulations concerning medication management is critical.
- Team physicians (or directing physicians) lead the sports medicine team, managing records, medications, and ensuring proper disposal of expired medications. They also supervise the use of sample medications and OTC medications. They are responsible for knowing any medications banned by sports governing bodies. They are ultimately responsible for medication management at the sports medicine facility. Team physicians must comply with the laws regarding the possession, storage, and distribution of controlled substances, often maintaining accurate inventories, records, and secure store of these substances. The use of sample medications is sometimes restricted or regulated.
Responsibilities of Athletic Trainers (ATs)
- ATs cannot legally dispense prescription medications, even under standing orders or with physician permission, to avoid potential legal liability.
- ATs may administer OTC medications and certain emergency prescription drugs (e.g., epinephrine autoinjectors, naloxone) per state law.
- ATs must know drug administration and dispensation rules in their state(s) of practice, and those of any state where they might travel with athletes.
- ATs should provide policies for medication storage and inventory, documenting dispensed medications properly.
- ATs should not administer medications to minors without proper authorization and must consult with risk management, legal counsel, and stakeholders. An Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency form may be necessary for administration to minors, outlining authority for treatment.
- Formulary access is crucial when traveling with athletes.
- Decisions regarding dispensing OTC medications rely on state laws, policies, and physician consultations, including documented consent and authorization. Specific requirements for OTC and prescription medication availability exist on various international, Olympic, professional, and intercollegiate levels.
- ATs need to be aware of federal and state regulations for medication administration, dispensation, and storage.
Administering and Dispensing Medications
- Drug administration involves single doses for immediate use.
- Drug dispensing involves preparing and labeling multiple doses for future use.
- Prescriptions are commonly filled with a local pharmacy, but physicians cannot delegate prescription dispensing to unlicensed individuals (including ATs) except in some states that permit delegation to other licensed prescribers (e.g., nurse practitioners).
- ATs need access to a formulary during medication administration and dispensing.
- The physician’s initial administration often leads to a local pharmacy filling subsequent prescription doses. The process may be time-consuming or pose an added expense.
Formulary and Medication Management
- A formulary is a list of medications used by a health care entity.
- Athletic trainers must have a formulary when traveling with athletes.
- Decisions regarding dispensing OTC medications rely on state laws, policies, and physician consultations, including documentation.
Federal and State Agencies
- FDA regulates drug safety, efficacy, and security, but not supplements.
- DEA enforces federal laws related to controlled substances, requiring registration for possession, storage, and distribution.
- OSHA oversees issues related to hazardous drugs.
Drug Legislation and Events
- Drug regulation reflects significant health events (e.g., sulfanilamide-related deaths, thalidomide-induced birth defects) prompting regulatory changes and enhanced testing procedures. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 was a response to sulfanilamide-related deaths. The thalidomide tragedy led to increased scrutiny and testing requirements for new drugs.
Controlled Substances
- Heroin and cocaine are highly addictive, illicit drugs.
- The Controlled Substances Act classifies heroin as Schedule I and cocaine as Schedule II.
- Drugs are classified into five schedules (I-V) based on acceptable medical use and potential for abuse/dependence.
- Schedule I drugs have no accepted medical use and high abuse potential.
- Schedule II-V drugs have recognized medical applications, with abuse potential decreasing as the schedule number increases.
- Non-controlled substances are used therapeutically but possess low abuse/dependence risk. Schedule I drugs have no accepted medical use and are highly prone to abuse with a high likelihood of extreme psychological or physical dependence, including heroin and LSD, marijuana, ecstasy, and methaqualone. Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse with strong possibility of extreme dependence, such as cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, and several opioids such as hydrocodone and oxycodone. Schedule III drugs have moderate to low dependence potential and include some steroids. Schedule V drugs pose the least potential for abuse and addiction.
Federal Drug Agencies
- FDA: Oversees drug research and development, and approves marketing of drugs.
- DEA: Enforces federal laws concerning controlled substances, requiring registration to possess, store, and distribute them; registration can be a pre-requisite to holding, storing, and distributing controlled substances.
- OSHA: Manages risks involving hazardous drugs. State boards of medicine, state boards of athletic training, and other relevant regulatory bodies impact practitioner drug use and administration.
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Description
Explore the critical distinctions between prescription and over-the-counter medications in sports medicine. Understand the roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals within a sports medicine team, including compliance with relevant laws and protocols for medication management.
