Chapter 1 - Legal Aspects of Therapeutic Medication Management
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Questions and Answers

Which schedule of drugs has the highest potential for abuse?

  • Schedule I (correct)
  • Schedule III
  • Schedule V
  • Schedule II

    • Which of the following substances is categorized as a Schedule II drug?

  • Ketamine
  • Cocaine (correct)
  • Marijuana
  • Anabolic steroids

    • What is the primary characteristic of Schedule V drugs?

  • Not accepted for medical use and high potential for abuse
  • Accepted for medical use with low potential for abuse (correct)
  • Dangerous drugs with no medical benefit
  • Accepted for medical use but with high abuse potential

    • Which drug is not included in Schedule I?

    <p>Methamphetamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anabolic steroids are classified under which schedule of drugs?

    <p>Schedule III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?

    <p>Prescription drugs require a legal medical prescription to be dispensed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically administers medications to minors in secondary school settings?

    <p>School's physician, school nurse, parent or guardian, and the affected student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial responsibility of members of the sports medicine team regarding medication?

    <p>To follow proper protocols for prescribing and administering medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is substance control important in the context of prescription and OTC medications?

    <p>To prevent practicing medicine without sufficient education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the role of the athletic trainer (AT) change when working with minors?

    <p>ATs are limited in their ability to furnish OTC medications to minors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which team member takes a leadership role within the sports medicine team?

    <p>The directing physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the regulations regarding medications that healthcare providers must follow?

    <p>Variability in state laws and institutional regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically part of the sports medicine team?

    <p>Dietitians (RD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the FDA in drug regulation?

    <p>To oversee the research and development process of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should student aides not be involved in managing medication?

    <p>They are not legally licensed to administer medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change followed the thalidomide tragedy in 1961?

    <p>More extensive testing for teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency oversees concerns related to hazardous drug exposure?

    <p>Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between heroin and cocaine as classified under the Controlled Substances Act?

    <p>Cocaine has medical uses, heroin does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is classified as a Schedule I substance?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym DEA stand for?

    <p>Drug Enforcement Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Controlled substances must be handled by which of the following?

    <p>Registered healthcare providers only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of submitting evidence of a drug’s safety and effectiveness to the FDA?

    <p>It is required before a drug can be marketed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do drugs classified in Schedule II differ from those in Schedule I?

    <p>Schedule II drugs have accepted medical uses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might patients misunderstand the meaning of a drug being 'FDA approved'?

    <p>They think 'FDA approved' means the drug is completely safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of the confusion about drug safety among the public?

    <p>Litigation and dissatisfaction with medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of athletic training clinics related to controlled substances?

    <p>Storing controlled substances on-site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must medical professionals comply with when prescribing medications to athletes?

    <p>Federal and state laws regarding drug possession and dispensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is classified as a Schedule II drug?

    <p>Cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the directing physician in a sports medicine facility?

    <p>To ensure proper distribution and storage of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professionals can legally dispense prescription medications according to current state and federal laws?

    <p>Nurse Practitioners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between drug administration and drug dispensing?

    <p>Administration involves a single dose, while dispensing involves multiple doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situations are athletic trainers allowed to administer medications?

    <p>During emergencies and as permitted by state acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must athletic trainers keep in mind when dispensing OTC medications?

    <p>State laws and written policies dictate the practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a formulary in the context of athletic training?

    <p>A list of medications used by a health care entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal authority is required for an athletic trainer to administer medication to minors?

    <p>An Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step athletic trainers must take when traveling with athletes?

    <p>Understand local government laws and regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the utility of dispensing sample medications controversial?

    <p>Their use has been prohibited in many hospital systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must athletic trainers document when dispensing medications?

    <p>All distributed OTC medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the athlete's responsibility regarding prohibited medications?

    <p>Athletes must avoid prohibited medications and obtain exemptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can athletic trainers act as concerning medication to athletes?

    <p>Resources for questions or concerns about medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for athletic trainers to understand when administering medications?

    <p>Both federal and state laws regarding medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organizations has developed standards for the use of sample medications?

    <p>Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule of drugs typically includes anabolic steroids?

    <p>Schedule III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schedule I drugs have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one example of a Schedule II drug?

    <p>Oxycodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs classified as Schedule V represent the ______ potential for abuse of the controlled substances.

    <p>least</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drug schedules with their characteristics:

    <p>Schedule I = No accepted medical use and high potential for abuse Schedule II = High potential for abuse, leading to severe dependence Schedule III = Moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence Schedule V = Least potential for abuse among controlled substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for regulating prescription drugs?

    <p>To prevent misuse and abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athletic trainers are permitted to dispense over-the-counter medications to minors in all states.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically oversees the medication management process within a sports medicine team?

    <p>The directing physician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In many states, the administration of medications in secondary schools requires consent from a ______.

    <p>parent or guardian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each member of the sports medicine team to their primary role.

    <p>Athletic Trainer = Injury prevention and rehabilitation Physician = Diagnosis and treatment planning Pharmacist = Medication dispensing and management Physical Therapist = Rehabilitation and recovery guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following professionals is NOT typically part of the sports medicine team?

    <p>Veterinarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is critical for sports medicine team members to be aware of state laws regarding medication administration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term ______ refers to drugs that can be obtained without a prescription.

    <p>over-the-counter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should volunteer student aides be prohibited from doing in a sports medicine setting?

    <p>Administering medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All drugs have an FDA-approved medical use.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?

    <p>Enforces federal laws related to controlled substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FDA is responsible for regulating the ______, efficacy, and security of drugs.

    <p>safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tragic event in the 1960s led to increased drug testing requirements?

    <p>Sulfanilamide poisonings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thalidomide is currently banned for all uses in the United States.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two federal agencies involved in drug regulation.

    <p>FDA and DEA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Controlled substances must be handled by a ______ who is registered with the DEA.

    <p>healthcare provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drugs with their classification:

    <p>Heroin = Schedule I Cocaine = Schedule II Marijuana = Schedule I Oxycodone = Schedule II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is considered a local anesthetic?

    <p>Cocaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is patient understanding of drug safety often problematic?

    <p>Patients assume FDA approval guarantees complete safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All members of the sports medicine team must be aware of drug regulations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule of drugs has a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use?

    <p>Schedule I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to drug schedules, ______ drugs are considered to have less potential for abuse.

    <p>Schedule V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the testing process that drugs must go through before FDA approval?

    <p>Controlled testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is primarily responsible for ensuring that records and medications are properly managed in a sports medicine facility?

    <p>Team Physicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athletic trainers can legally dispense prescription medications under standing orders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do athletic trainers play in the administration of over-the-counter medications?

    <p>They may be permitted to administer OTC medications depending on state laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A formulary is a list of medications used by a __________.

    <p>health care entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk when athletic trainers administer medications?

    <p>Legal liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athletes are solely responsible for understanding prohibited medications.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must athletic trainers develop regarding medication procedures?

    <p>Policies and procedures for safe storage and inventory of medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athletes traveling with athletic trainers must understand __________ laws and regulations.

    <p>local government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following roles to their responsibilities concerning medications:

    <p>Physician = Dispensing and managing prescription medications Athletic Trainer = Administering OTC medications Athlete = Understanding prohibited medications and obtaining waivers Pharmacist = Compounding and dispensing medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the limitations for athletic trainers regarding medication administration?

    <p>They cannot administer medications to minors without proper authorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sample medications can be dispensed easily and without controversy in hospital systems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must doctors do with expired medications?

    <p>Supervise the disposal of expired medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The athletic trainer must not administer medications to __________ without proper legal authority.

    <p>minors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which setting might athletic trainers need to consider unique medication management?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accreditation organizations have no impact on the use of sample medications in athletic training.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which professionals can be delegated the authority to dispense medications in some states?

    <p>Nurse practitioners and physician assistants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is classified under Schedule III?

    <p>Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Schedule V drugs have no potential for abuse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one drug that is classified as a Schedule I substance.

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs classified as Schedule II can lead to ______ dependence.

    <p>severe psychological or physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drug schedules with their definitions:

    <p>Schedule I = Drugs with no accepted medical use and high potential for abuse Schedule II = Drugs with high potential for abuse, severe dependence possible Schedule III = Drugs with moderate to low potential for dependence Schedule V = Drugs with the least potential for abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one role that a school nurse can perform regarding medication in a secondary school setting?

    <p>Administer medication to affected students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athletic trainers can legally provide OTC medications to minors in all states.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must members of the sports medicine team comply with concerning medication management?

    <p>Current federal and state laws and institutional regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to athletic trainers (ATs), other healthcare providers involved in the sports medicine team include physicians, pharmacists, and __________.

    <p>nurses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following members of the sports medicine team with their primary responsibilities:

    <p>Athletic Trainer = Injury assessment and rehabilitation Physician = Diagnosis and treatment planning Pharmacist = Medication dispensing and advising Physical Therapist = Therapeutic exercises and recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary concern regarding substance control in sports medicine?

    <p>Potential for drug misuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of the directing physician in the sports medicine team is primarily administrative.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which federal agency enforces laws related to controlled substances?

    <p>Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All members of the sports medicine team are allowed to administer medications without restrictions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must healthcare providers comply with when prescribing medications to athletes?

    <p>Relevant laws regarding possessing and dispensing drugs, including controlled substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A drug is any substance that creates a physiological change in the body, except for ______ and ______.

    <p>food, water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drug classification with their potential for abuse:

    <p>Schedule I = High potential for abuse, no accepted medical use Schedule II = High potential for abuse, accepted medical use Schedule III = Moderate potential for abuse Schedule IV = Lower potential for abuse than Schedule III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurred as a result of the thalidomide tragedy?

    <p>Stricter testing for teratogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FDA has jurisdiction over dietary supplements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a primary characteristic of Schedule I drugs?

    <p>High potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heroin is classified as a Schedule I drug, while cocaine is classified as a Schedule ______ drug.

    <p>II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs has been linked to birth defects due to its use during pregnancy?

    <p>Thalidomide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Student aides are allowed to manage medications in a sports medicine facility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)?

    <p>To ensure safety and efficacy of drugs marketed in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Students must follow the requirements of standing orders from the ______ physician.

    <p>directing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known for having undergone a notable regulatory change due to safety concerns in pregnancy?

    <p>Thalidomide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FDA allows any drug to be marketed as long as it has been tested for safety.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of a team physician for athletes?

    <p>To ensure records and medications are managed properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Athletic Trainers (ATs) are legally allowed to dispense prescription medications under any circumstances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must athletic trainers understand regarding the administration of medications?

    <p>Federal and state laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A formulary is a list of _______ used by a healthcare entity.

    <p>medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the responsibilities of athletic trainers with their descriptions:

    <p>Understand laws = Know state laws regarding medication Administer OTC medications = Provide non-prescription medications Document medications = Keep records of dispensed medications Administer medications to minors = Requires legal authority from caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medications are athletic trainers typically allowed to administer?

    <p>OTC medications and certain emergency prescription drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physicians can delegate prescription drug dispensing to athletic trainers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication must athletic trainers NOT administer to minors?

    <p>Prescription medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The authority to administer medications in a sports medicine setting is defined by _______ and practice acts.

    <p>state laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must all medications dispensed by athletic trainers be documented for?

    <p>Legal compliance and safety tracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Team physicians must be familiar with banned or restricted medications across sports governing bodies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of an emergency, what are athletic trainers permitted to administer?

    <p>Epinephrine autoinjectors and naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When traveling with athletes, ATs must understand _______ laws and regulations.

    <p>local government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to medication administration:

    <p>Administration = Giving a single dose for immediate use Dispensing = Preparing and supplying multiple doses Formulary = List of available medications Documentation = Record-keeping for legal compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics differentiate Schedule III drugs from Schedule II drugs?

    <p>Schedule III drugs have a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence, while Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse and severe dependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Controlled Substances Act in relation to drug scheduling?

    <p>The Controlled Substances Act categorizes drugs into schedules based on their potential for abuse, medical use, and safety, guiding prescription regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the classification of a drug as Schedule I affect its medical use?

    <p>Schedule I drugs have no currently accepted medical use, making them illegal to prescribe or distribute for medical purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do prescription medications differ from noncontrolled substances regarding abuse risk?

    <p>Prescription medications have a higher potential for abuse due to their active ingredients, compared to noncontrolled substances which have less risk of addiction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for athletic trainers to understand the different schedules of controlled substances?

    <p>Athletic trainers must understand drug scheduling to ensure compliance with legal regulations and to provide safe care to athletes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do state regulations play in the prescription and dispensing of medications by healthcare providers?

    <p>State regulations dictate what constitutes a prescription drug and establish guidelines for healthcare providers regarding the dispensing of both controlled and noncontrolled medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for members of the sports medicine team to understand federal and state laws regarding medications?

    <p>Understanding these laws ensures compliance, minimizes legal risks, and enhances the safety of patient care within the sports medicine setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the administration of medications by healthcare providers in the context of youth sports?

    <p>In youth sports, the administration of medications often requires involvement or consent from parents, guardians, or school authorities due to the patients being minors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the healthcare professionals that may be part of a sports medicine team?

    <p>Members may include athletic trainers (ATs), physicians (MD or DO), pharmacists (PharmD), physical therapists (DPT), and nurse practitioners (NP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do athletic trainers face when dispensing over-the-counter medications to minors?

    <p>Athletic trainers often cannot furnish OTC medications to minors without parental consent or involvement of a physician or school nurse, complicating care delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the role of the directing physician contribute to the effectiveness of a sports medicine team?

    <p>The directing physician provides leadership and guidance, ensuring that all team members adhere to the regulatory standards and best practices in patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for healthcare providers in sports medicine to understand both controlled and noncontrolled medications?

    <p>Understanding both types of medications is essential for safe prescribing, administration, and compliance with regulations governing their use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key responsibilities of athletic trainers regarding medication management?

    <p>Athletic trainers must document all medications dispensed to ensure compliance and maintain accurate patient records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the directing physician in safeguarding medication records in a sports medicine facility?

    <p>The directing physician is responsible for ensuring that records and medications are properly distributed and stored.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the administration of medications by athletic trainers limited to over-the-counter (OTC) medications and emergency drugs?

    <p>ATs cannot dispense prescription medications because it poses legal risks for both the AT and the physician.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between drug administration and drug dispensing?

    <p>Drug administration involves giving a single dose for immediate use, while drug dispensing involves preparing multiple doses for future use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must athletic trainers ensure regarding the formulary when traveling with athletes?

    <p>Athletic trainers must carry the formulary that lists medications permitted for use with the athletes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions can athletic trainers administer prescription drugs?

    <p>Athletic trainers can administer certain emergency prescription drugs if permitted by state laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal requirement must be fulfilled for athletic trainers to administer medications to minors?

    <p>Minors must sign an Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency form to authorize treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should athletic trainers document when administering or dispensing medications?

    <p>They must document all distributed medications in the proper format established by policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do state practice acts play in the administration of medications by athletic trainers?

    <p>State practice acts define the legal boundaries and limitations for ATs regarding medication administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of athletic trainers relating to emergency medications?

    <p>Athletic trainers must understand how and when to use emergency medications appropriately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should athletic trainers handle the disposal of expired medications?

    <p>The physician must supervise the disposal of expired medications to ensure compliance with regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should athletic trainers do if they have questions about medications administered to athletes?

    <p>They should act as a resource for questions or concerns about any medications given to patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale for prohibiting team physicians from delegating prescription drug dispensing to ATs?

    <p>Delegating this duty could expose both ATs and physicians to legal liability under state and federal laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must athletic trainers familiarize themselves with when working with athletes in different states?

    <p>They must understand both federal and state laws regarding medication administration and practice acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the implications of the accreditation standards set by organizations like the Joint Commission for medication management in athletic training?

    <p>These standards dictate specific protocols for handling sample medications and their distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guidelines should be outlined in a clinic regarding medication administration?

    <p>Policies should prevent noncertified or unlicensed students from administering or furnishing medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of student aides in the management of medications?

    <p>Student aides should not be involved in managing any medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which federal agency is responsible for enforcing laws related to controlled substances?

    <p>The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must healthcare professionals maintain when handling controlled substances?

    <p>Accurate inventories, records, and security of controlled substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the approval process by the FDA for new drugs significant?

    <p>It ensures that a drug has been shown to be safe and effective before it can be marketed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legislative act was a reaction to deaths caused by inadequately tested drugs in 1938?

    <p>The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major consequence of the thalidomide tragedy in 1961?

    <p>It led to more extensive testing requirements for new drugs and the passage of the Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the classification of drugs into schedules relate to their potential for abuse?

    <p>The lower the schedule number, the higher the potential for abuse and dependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes heroin from cocaine in terms of legal classification under the Controlled Substance Act?

    <p>Heroin is classified as a Schedule I drug with no medical use, while cocaine is Schedule II with accepted medical use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception do patients often have regarding FDA-approved medications?

    <p>Patients may wrongly assume that FDA approval guarantees a drug is free of serious side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific responsibility do athletic trainers (ATs) have when handling medications?

    <p>ATs must comply with all relevant laws when prescribing medications to athletes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in relation to drugs?

    <p>OSHA oversees concerns related to contamination and exposure to hazardous drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should athletic training facilities often avoid storing controlled substances?

    <p>Many facilities do not allow storage to prevent misuse and ensure compliance with regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prescription and OTC Medications in Sports Medicine

    • Prescription medications require a medical prescription for dispensing; over-the-counter (OTC) medications do not.
    • Substance control is essential due to potential misuse, abuse, and practicing medicine without proper qualifications or licensure.
    • Jurisdictions vary in defining prescription drugs; prescribers must often register with regulatory agencies (e.g., state boards of pharmacy) to legally dispense controlled or non-controlled prescription medications.
    • State laws differ significantly, affecting sports medicine team members, especially in youth sports due to age restrictions. In school systems, a school doctor, nurse, parent/guardian, or the student themselves can often administer medication. Variations exist across states. An athletic trainer (AT) may not dispense OTC medications to minors in most states.
    • Different jurisdictions have diverse definitions of prescription drugs and regulations for their prescription and dispensation. State laws prioritize responsible medication management, especially in youth sports, where dispensing practices may differ significantly.

    Roles and Responsibilities for HCPs

    • Athletic trainers (ATs), physicians, pharmacists, physical therapists, nurses, physician assistants, chiropractors, and athletic training students may be part of the sports medicine team.
    • Each member works within their scope of practice, adhering to protocols for storing, packaging, transporting, and administering medications (both prescription and OTC).
    • Compliance with federal, state, and institutional regulations concerning medication management is critical.
    • Team physicians (or directing physicians) lead the sports medicine team, managing records, medications, and ensuring proper disposal of expired medications. They also supervise the use of sample medications and OTC medications. They are responsible for knowing any medications banned by sports governing bodies. They are ultimately responsible for medication management at the sports medicine facility. Team physicians must comply with the laws regarding the possession, storage, and distribution of controlled substances, often maintaining accurate inventories, records, and secure store of these substances. The use of sample medications is sometimes restricted or regulated.

    Responsibilities of Athletic Trainers (ATs)

    • ATs cannot legally dispense prescription medications, even under standing orders or with physician permission, to avoid potential legal liability.
    • ATs may administer OTC medications and certain emergency prescription drugs (e.g., epinephrine autoinjectors, naloxone) per state law.
    • ATs must know drug administration and dispensation rules in their state(s) of practice, and those of any state where they might travel with athletes.
    • ATs should provide policies for medication storage and inventory, documenting dispensed medications properly.
    • ATs should not administer medications to minors without proper authorization and must consult with risk management, legal counsel, and stakeholders. An Assignment of Benefits and Athlete-to-AT Agency form may be necessary for administration to minors, outlining authority for treatment.
    • Formulary access is crucial when traveling with athletes.
    • Decisions regarding dispensing OTC medications rely on state laws, policies, and physician consultations, including documented consent and authorization. Specific requirements for OTC and prescription medication availability exist on various international, Olympic, professional, and intercollegiate levels.
    • ATs need to be aware of federal and state regulations for medication administration, dispensation, and storage.

    Administering and Dispensing Medications

    • Drug administration involves single doses for immediate use.
    • Drug dispensing involves preparing and labeling multiple doses for future use.
    • Prescriptions are commonly filled with a local pharmacy, but physicians cannot delegate prescription dispensing to unlicensed individuals (including ATs) except in some states that permit delegation to other licensed prescribers (e.g., nurse practitioners).
    • ATs need access to a formulary during medication administration and dispensing.
    • The physician’s initial administration often leads to a local pharmacy filling subsequent prescription doses. The process may be time-consuming or pose an added expense.

    Formulary and Medication Management

    • A formulary is a list of medications used by a health care entity.
    • Athletic trainers must have a formulary when traveling with athletes.
    • Decisions regarding dispensing OTC medications rely on state laws, policies, and physician consultations, including documentation.

    Federal and State Agencies

    • FDA regulates drug safety, efficacy, and security, but not supplements.
    • DEA enforces federal laws related to controlled substances, requiring registration for possession, storage, and distribution.
    • OSHA oversees issues related to hazardous drugs.

    Drug Legislation and Events

    • Drug regulation reflects significant health events (e.g., sulfanilamide-related deaths, thalidomide-induced birth defects) prompting regulatory changes and enhanced testing procedures. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 was a response to sulfanilamide-related deaths. The thalidomide tragedy led to increased scrutiny and testing requirements for new drugs.

    Controlled Substances

    • Heroin and cocaine are highly addictive, illicit drugs.
    • The Controlled Substances Act classifies heroin as Schedule I and cocaine as Schedule II.
    • Drugs are classified into five schedules (I-V) based on acceptable medical use and potential for abuse/dependence.
    • Schedule I drugs have no accepted medical use and high abuse potential.
    • Schedule II-V drugs have recognized medical applications, with abuse potential decreasing as the schedule number increases.
    • Non-controlled substances are used therapeutically but possess low abuse/dependence risk. Schedule I drugs have no accepted medical use and are highly prone to abuse with a high likelihood of extreme psychological or physical dependence, including heroin and LSD, marijuana, ecstasy, and methaqualone. Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse with strong possibility of extreme dependence, such as cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, and several opioids such as hydrocodone and oxycodone. Schedule III drugs have moderate to low dependence potential and include some steroids. Schedule V drugs pose the least potential for abuse and addiction.

    Federal Drug Agencies

    • FDA: Oversees drug research and development, and approves marketing of drugs.
    • DEA: Enforces federal laws concerning controlled substances, requiring registration to possess, store, and distribute them; registration can be a pre-requisite to holding, storing, and distributing controlled substances.
    • OSHA: Manages risks involving hazardous drugs. State boards of medicine, state boards of athletic training, and other relevant regulatory bodies impact practitioner drug use and administration.

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    Explore the critical distinctions between prescription and over-the-counter medications in sports medicine. Understand the roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals within a sports medicine team, including compliance with relevant laws and protocols for medication management.

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