Sports for Athletes with Disabilities

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of impairment as per commonly cited definitions?

The ability to function normally without assistance.

Any loss or abnormality of body part or function. (correct)

Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity.

A disadvantage in filling a role in life.

Which association specifically caters to athletes with intellectual disabilities in Hong Kong?

Hong Kong Blind Sports Federation

Special Olympics Hong Kong (correct)

China Hong Kong Paralympic Committee

Hong Kong Sports Association for the Deaf

What does the term 'disability' refer to according to the provided definitions?

A disadvantage experienced by individuals in social settings.

Any loss of body part.

Restrictions in performing normal activities due to impairment. (correct)

A condition that prevents an individual from taking part in sports.

What is a primary reason for prohibiting the use of certain prosthetics in competitions?

To maintain a level playing field Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main causes of spinal cord injuries?

Sports injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following associations focuses on adaptive rowing for individuals with disabilities?

Hong Kong China Rowing Association Signup and view all the answers

Which term reflects a disadvantage in fulfilling a life role relative to peers?

Handicap Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes amputees in competitions?

They are eligible to compete in events with a wheelchair if they have a lower extremity amputation. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of spinal cord injuries result from road traffic crashes?

37% Signup and view all the answers

Which disease greatly impacts motor cells in the spinal cord and has seen a reduction in new cases due to vaccination?

Poliomyelitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of myelomeningocele in spina bifida?

The covering of the spinal cord and part of it protrude through an opening. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about spina bifida occulta is correct?

There is a defect of the posterior arch, but nothing protrudes. Signup and view all the answers

How is medical classification of spinal cord injuries determined?

Based on the segment of the spinal cord that is impaired. Signup and view all the answers

When can spina bifida typically be detected during pregnancy?

16 to 18 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using orthotic devices for children with spina bifida?

To help them achieve normal developmental postures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of spinal cord injury at the cervical level?

Quadriplegia. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended course of action for a suspected neck injury?

Only trained medical personnel should move the victim. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a spinal cord injury have on the brain's connection with the body?

It breaks connections to the injury site and segments below. Signup and view all the answers

What classification of visual impairment does a visual acuity of 1/30th after correction fall under?

B2 Signup and view all the answers

Marla Runyan became the first legally blind athlete to compete in the Olympics in which year?

2000 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sports is specifically designed for persons with visual impairment?

5-a-side Football Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle disease is characterized by the degeneration of muscle cells and is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern?

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Signup and view all the answers

At which major sports event were athletes categorized under 'Les Autres' first included?

Paralympic Games Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of Muscular Dystrophy, affecting 1 in 4000 newborns?

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT listed as a sport for persons with visual impairment?

Gymnastics Signup and view all the answers

Which visual acuity or visual field measurement is associated with the B3 classification?

Visual acuity of 1/10th after correction or visual field not exceeding 20° Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all amputations in children is attributed to congenital causes?

60% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of amputation occurs 1.6 times more frequently in children?

Upper-limb deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as an acquired cause of amputation?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

In the IWAS classification, what does A1 represent?

Bilateral above knee amputation Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct classification for an athlete with a single below knee amputation with moderately reduced function?

T/F44 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classifications is likely to compete only as a track athlete?

T/F45 Signup and view all the answers

Which amputee classification indicates full function in both lower limbs?

T/F46 Signup and view all the answers

Which additional requirement is set for T42, T43, and T44 athletes during running events?

They must wear a prosthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum total point value a team in the IWBF can have when classifying players?

14 Signup and view all the answers

Which classification would an athlete with severe spasticity and poor functional range of motion primarily belong to?

Class 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Athetosis (Dyskinetic CP)?

Overflow of motor impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Congenital Cerebral Palsy?

Failure of brain to develop properly Signup and view all the answers

Which type of classification involves using anatomical sites to group disabilities?

Topographical Classification Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes severe hemiplegia in relation to motor functions?

Involvement of one complete side of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which class of athletes typically exhibits a normal grasp of round objects but has a slow release?

Class 3 Signup and view all the answers

Which functional class is characterized by a person who can walk without assistive devices?

Class 8 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the management of Cerebral Palsy?

Symptoms can be alleviated but not completely treated. Signup and view all the answers

What type of movement is typically exhibited by individuals with ataxic Cerebral Palsy?

Wide-based gait Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes shows minimal coordination problems predominantly in one limb?

Class 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which classification in sports assigns athletes based on the severity of their disability across eight ability classes?

Functional Classification Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'B1' classification in visual impairments signify?

No light perception or shape recognition Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sports for Athletes with Physical Disabilities

Sports for athletes with physical disabilities is a topic covered by SRLP 4035.
Three types of physical disabilities are covered, including those affecting physical and intellectual disabilities.
Key organizations include the China Hong Kong Paralympic Committee (HKPC) and several sports associations for specific disabilities such as those by people with intellectual disabilities (HKSAPID), the deaf (HKCSAD), and blind (HKBSF).

Describing People with Disabilities

Common definitions for impairment, disability, and handicap are provided by the World Health Organization.
Impairment refers to any loss or abnormality in a body part or function.
Disability is a restriction or lack of ability to perform normal activities.
Handicap is a disadvantage in roles relative to peers.

Athletes with Disabilities

Conditions include Amputation, Spinal Cord Injuries, Cerebral Palsy, Vision Impaired and Les Autres (other issues)

Amputation & Limb Loss

Amputation involves the loss of a limb or limb segment.
Possible causes include congenital issues (issues present at birth such as failure to develop, missing segments etc.), or acquired issues like trauma, diabetes, cancer, vascular diseases, infection or severe burns.
Upper limb amputations are 1.6 times more common than lower limb amputations in children.

Functional Classification

Functional classification systems use the site and level of limb absence.
International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS) provides a classification system based on bilateral or unilateral limb absence above or below the knee or elbow.
A system uses different classes using letters and numbers to distinguish the different limbs affected

Sport Classification

Sport classification systems, such as those for athletics, use "T" for track/jumps and "F" for field events to categorize athletes.
Different classes are used depending on the amputation or other disabilities.
Athletes may be required to use prosthetics in some events but other events allow athletes discretion.

Amputee Competitions

In running events, T42, T43, and T44 athletes must wear prosthetics.
Other sports, athletes may use prosthetics but the use of prosthetics is optional.

Spinal Cord Injuries

Incidence of spinal cord injuries ranges from 250,000 to 500,000 annually.
Major causes include automobile accidents (37%), falls (28%), violence (21%), and athletic injuries (6%).
Other causes include conditions like Poliomyelitis and Spina Bifida.

Spinal Cord Injuries: Orthotic devices

Orthotic devices are used to help individuals with spinal cord injuries.Types include hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis, knee-ankle-foot orthosis, ankle-foot orthoses etc.

Spinal Cord Injuries (Milestones)

Milestones with and without aids are noted, helping to determine progress. Aids like child safety devices, sitting stands, caster carts and standing braces contribute to normal development.

Spinal Cord Injuries: Resulting in...

Injuries can result in quadriplegia (cervical injury) or paraplegia (other than cervical injury).
Caution needs to be exercised as neck injury should be considered in any head injury.

Classification for Sports (Medical and Sport)

Medical classification depends on the segment of spinal cord impaired. Sport classification categorises based on athlete abilities.

Tactile Area

Tactile areas correlate with spinal segment connections. Damage can disrupt brain-cord links and those below the injury area.

Functional Sport Classification (Swimming)

Different classifications are used for swimming dependent on the level of disability.
For swimming, different classes might be used with various degrees of abilities and limitations.

Classification for Sports (International Wheelchair Basketball Federation – IWBF)

Athletes need at least a "minimal disability" to play in IWBF sanctioned tournaments.
They are classified based on points from 1 to 4.5 and for various levels of severity, with a maximum total point value for the team of 14.

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a group of permanent disabling symptoms caused by damage to the motor areas in the brain.
Impairment varies in severity from mild (slight speech impairment, reflex abnormalities) to severe (total inability to control bodily movement).
Commonly caused by congenital issue (present at birth), though acquired trauma can also cause cerebral palsy (but less frequently.

Cerebral Palsy (Causes & Incidence)

Cerebral palsy has congenital (birth) and acquired causes (occurred before, during, or soon after birth).
Incidence is estimated at 800,000 children and adults in the USA; most cases are congenital.

Classification (Topographical)

Monoplegia: one limb involved.
Diplegia: major lower limb involvement.
Hemiplegia: one side of the body affected.
Paraplegia: both lower limbs involved.
Triplegia: three limbs involved.
Quadriplegia: all four limbs, head, neck, and trunk affected.

Medical Classification: Neuromotor System

Several systems categorise the classification of impairment, including Muscle Spasticity, Athetosis and Ataxia.
Different characteristics and limitations are defined to assist in categorization purposes.

Les Autres (other issues)

Les Autres covers conditions not fitting other categories.
Categories may include muscular dystrophy, Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteogenesis imperfecta, arthrogryposis, and multiple sclerosis along with other conditions. Detailed features are available for each condition.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease.
Often referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Gradual muscle weakness, and loss of control over use of the muscles occurs.

Dwarfism

Dwarfism leads to people being shorter than 98% of the population.
Causes include failure of cartilage to transform into bone and pituitary irregularity.
Proportionate and Disproportionate categories of dwarfism are defined.

Dwarfism: Participation in Sports

A formal organization (DAAA) for dwarf athletes emerged in 1985.
Sports include basketball, boccia, powerlifting, swimming, skiing, table tennis, volleyball, badminton, soccer and equestrian.
A World Dwarf Games happened in 1993.
Participation in different divisions is facilitated depending on age and other features.
Different sport classifications and divisions have been formed (e.g., swimming class S6, field and powerlifting classifications.

Vision Impaired

Classification encompasses total and partial blindness.
Legal blindness, travel vision, light perception, and total blindness degrees of vision loss are noted.
Different classifications for sport purposes also occur (e.g. B1, B2, B3)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores the world of sports for athletes with physical disabilities, focusing on types of disabilities and key organizations like HKPC. Definitions of impairment, disability, and handicap from the WHO are discussed, alongside various conditions affecting athletes. Dive into the importance of inclusivity in sports and the support systems available for these athletes.

Sports for Athletes with Disabilities - SRLP 4035

Choose a study mode