Sport Business Industry: Sectors & Career Paths

• Study notes for chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 13.

Segments within the Sport Business Industry

• Public sector: Government-based units, agencies, and departments created for the people for example, community parks and rec centers
• Nonprofit sector: Voluntary organizations not focused on profit for example, national sports organizations
• Commercial sector: Aims to generate profit for example, professional sport franchises and leagues

Purpose of Public/Nonprofit/Commercial Sector Organizations

• Organizations in these sectors focus on creating and producing sport products, services, programs, and facilities, to ensure success in the sports industry.

Distinct Areas of Professional Preparation in Sport Management

• Sport Marketing: Sport is both produced and consumed simultaneously, without guaranteed customer satisfaction.
• Sport Enterprise Financial Structures: Revenue is mainly from outside or extraneous sources.
• Sport Industry Career Paths: Traditionally based on affiliations, with increasing inclusion of underrepresented groups.
• Sport as a Social Institution: Integrated into many aspects of social life.

Origin of First Master's-level Sport Administration Program

• Ohio University established the first master's-level sport administration program in 1966, founded by Dr. James Mason and his colleagues.

Definition of Sport and Sport Management

• Sport: Includes all activities, businesses, and organizations involved in fitness, recreation, athletics, or leisure.
• Sport Management: Encompasses planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating sport-related activities.

Critical Thinking Process

• Involves awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions.
• The ability to ask and answer critical questions at appropriate times is key.
• Applying those questions and accepting the answers as a guide to behavior is essential.

Developing a Professional Perspective

• Professional Preparation: Involves general education, major courses in sport management, cocurricular activities, field experiences, and advanced education.
• Professional Attitude: Includes ethical decision making, critical thinking skills, professional brand, work transition and adjustment, and business etiquette.
• Professional Brand: Encompasses grooming, attire and accessories, body language, and social media presence.
• Work Transition and Adjustment: Requires learning the job, understanding organizational culture, demonstrating work ethic, refining teamwork skills, embracing diversity, and committing to professional development.
• Business Etiquette: Includes telephone manners, voicemail practices, language use, meeting participation, dining etiquette, introductions and greetings, and office etiquette.

Four Stages of Career Planning

• Career Decision Steps: Self-assessment, research, career preparation, search, re-evaluation, and ePortfolios.
• Gathering Occupational Information: Understanding the nature of work, work setting, qualifications, earnings, and employment outlook.
• Job Content Skills, Functional Skills, and Adaptive Skills are neccessary.

Management Concepts and Practice in Sport Organizations

• Definition of Organization: Social entities that are goal-directed, deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, linked to the external environment.
• General Environment Elements: Include economy, technology, politics, social and cultural forces, and demographic changes.
• Developing Organizational Strategy: Requires plans to cope with the environment and organizational processes for gaining competitive advantages, including steps in plan development.
• Motives behind the Creation of Partnerships: Include asymmetry, reciprocity, necessity, legitimacy, efficiency, and stability.
• Organizational Culture: A pattern of basic assumptions, stories, symbols, language, ceremonies, physical setting, and symbolic artifacts.
• Dimensions of Organizational Structure: Involve formal organizations, organizational charts, formal and informal groups, centralized vs. decentralized structures, information sharing, and relational coordination.
• Daft's Proposed Organizational Designs: Include functional, divisional, geographic, matrix, virtual network structure, Holacracy, and team.

Managing and Leading in Sport Organizations

• Leadership: Involves working with people to accomplish objectives.
• Management: Includes planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, and evaluating.
• Management Functions: Consist of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
• Classification of Managers: Includes top-level managers, middle-level managers, and supervisory-level managers.
• General Skills of Managers: Conceptual, human relations, and technical skills are key/
• Leadership Styles: Can be categorized by traits, behaviors, and situations.
• Characteristics of Successful Servant Leaders: Include listening, empathy, and awareness.
• Leadership Approaches: Consider leaders (traits, power, goals), followers (expectation, values), and context (organizational complexity, task uncertainty).
• Full Range of Leadership Model and Styles: Transactional, Non-transactional (Laissez-Faire), and Transformational Leadership.
• Distinctions between Power and Authority: Authority enforces rules and expects subordination.
• Sources of Power: Legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, expert, and information.

Sociological Aspects

• Sport Sociology Definition: Subdiscipline of sociology studying sports as a social phenomenon.
• Benefits and Issues in Sport: Unifier, Socializing Agent, Vehicle for Social Transformation
• Issues related to sport: Sexism, racism, homophobia and viewed as a divider.
• Issues Impact on Sport and Participation: Impact on both male and female athletes, suppression of participation due to gender or sex inequality

Concepts in Sport Sociology

• Socializing Agent, Unifier, Vehicle for Social Transformation, Stacking, Race Logic, and Title IX.

Emerging Developments in Sport Management

• AI: Artificial Intelligence, VR: Virtual Reality, AR: Augmented Reality
• Revenue Sources of Esports: Sponsorship, Media rights, Game publisher fees, Merchandise and ticket sales, Digital revenue, Streaming revenue
• Benefits of Esports Participation: Cognitive Focus, Social Engagement, Physical Activity and Fitness, Therapy
• Stages of Growth: Entrepreneurial, Collectivity, Formalization, Elaboration
• Organizational Life Cycle: Stages of Growth, Entrepreneurial, Collectivity, Formalization, Elaboration
• Differences between NFS and DFS: TFS (Traditional Fantasy Sport) covers entire season, DFS (Daily Fantasy Sport) can be completed in one day
• Fantasy Leagues: TFS and DFS
• Esports, Revenue Sources of Fantasy Leagues, Sports Betting Legal Issues

Overview of the sport business industry, including the public, nonprofit, and commercial sectors. Examination of the purpose of organizations and distinct areas of professional preparation in sport management.