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Questions and Answers
Which type of myocytes contribute to the atrioventricular delay?
Which type of myocytes contribute to the atrioventricular delay?
True or False: All muscles are controlled by one nerve cell.
True or False: All muscles are controlled by one nerve cell.
True or False: The most common free nerve endings are found in the dermis.
True or False: The most common free nerve endings are found in the dermis.
True or False: Each hair follicle receives blood from two sources.
True or False: Each hair follicle receives blood from two sources.
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Which of the following is NOT true for the dermis?
Which of the following is NOT true for the dermis?
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What is the term used for the enlargement of the muscle?
What is the term used for the enlargement of the muscle?
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Which of the following is responsible for exposing the binding sites in the actin filament during muscle contraction?
Which of the following is responsible for exposing the binding sites in the actin filament during muscle contraction?
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What molecule is responsible for storing ATP energy in muscle cells?
What molecule is responsible for storing ATP energy in muscle cells?
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Which of the following is a cause of muscle atrophy?
Which of the following is a cause of muscle atrophy?
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What is the main factor that causes muscle fatigue?
What is the main factor that causes muscle fatigue?
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What is the term for the sustained contraction of a muscle resulting from a rapid succession of nerve impulses?
What is the term for the sustained contraction of a muscle resulting from a rapid succession of nerve impulses?
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Which muscle has the highest motor unit ratio?
Which muscle has the highest motor unit ratio?
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Which ions are present in significant amounts in bone mineral?
Which ions are present in significant amounts in bone mineral?
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What is the role of magnesium and sodium in bone mineral?
What is the role of magnesium and sodium in bone mineral?
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Which isotopes can substitute for stable isotopes in the hydroxyapatite crystal?
Which isotopes can substitute for stable isotopes in the hydroxyapatite crystal?
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Which foreign cations can substitute for calcium in bone if ingested?
Which foreign cations can substitute for calcium in bone if ingested?
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During growth, what happens to the amount of organic material and water in bone?
During growth, what happens to the amount of organic material and water in bone?
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What percentage of fat free dry weight do inorganic minerals make up in adults?
What percentage of fat free dry weight do inorganic minerals make up in adults?
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Which cells in the bone are derived from embryonic mesenchymal cells and persist throughout postnatal life?
Which cells in the bone are derived from embryonic mesenchymal cells and persist throughout postnatal life?
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What is the main function of osteoblasts?
What is the main function of osteoblasts?
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Where do osteocytes reside within the bone?
Where do osteocytes reside within the bone?
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What is the main function of osteoclasts?
What is the main function of osteoclasts?
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What is the composition of the interstitial substance of bone?
What is the composition of the interstitial substance of bone?
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What is the main component of the organic portion of the bone matrix?
What is the main component of the organic portion of the bone matrix?
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Which type of contraction produces movement?
Which type of contraction produces movement?
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What are the functions of bones?
What are the functions of bones?
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What is the structure of compact bone?
What is the structure of compact bone?
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What is the function of osteocalcin?
What is the function of osteocalcin?
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What is the composition of spongy bone?
What is the composition of spongy bone?
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How are the trabeculae of spongy bone organized?
How are the trabeculae of spongy bone organized?
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Study Notes
Muscle Physiology
- The atrioventricular delay is contributed to by slow-response myocytes.
- Not all muscles are controlled by one nerve cell.
- The most common free nerve endings are found in the dermis.
- Each hair follicle receives blood from one source, not two.
Muscle Contraction
- The term used for the enlargement of a muscle is hypertrophy.
- Calcium ions are responsible for exposing the binding sites in the actin filament during muscle contraction.
- Creatine phosphate is the molecule responsible for storing ATP energy in muscle cells.
- Disuse or denervation can cause muscle atrophy.
- The main factor that causes muscle fatigue is the depletion of ATP and phosphocreatine.
- The term for the sustained contraction of a muscle resulting from a rapid succession of nerve impulses is tetany.
Motor Unit
- The motor unit with the highest ratio is the eye muscle.
Bone Composition
- Calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide ions are present in significant amounts in bone mineral.
- Magnesium and sodium have a role in bone mineral, but they are not as prominent as calcium.
- Strontium and radium isotopes can substitute for stable isotopes in the hydroxyapatite crystal.
- Lead, radium, and strontium can substitute for calcium in bone if ingested.
Bone Development
- During growth, the amount of organic material and water in bone decreases.
- Inorganic minerals make up 65% of fat-free dry weight in adults.
- Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes are derived from embryonic mesenchymal cells and persist throughout postnatal life.
- The main function of osteoblasts is to produce bone matrix.
- Osteocytes reside within the lacunae of bone.
- The main function of osteoclasts is to break down bone matrix.
Bone Structure
- The interstitial substance of bone is composed of ground substance and fibers.
- The main component of the organic portion of the bone matrix is collagen.
- The type of contraction that produces movement is isotonic contraction.
Bone Functions
- The functions of bones include support, protection, movement, and blood cell formation.
- The structure of compact bone is a dense, compact arrangement of Haversian systems.
- Osteocalcin is involved in the regulation of bone mineralization.
- Spongy bone is composed of trabeculae and interstitial substance.
- The trabeculae of spongy bone are organized in a way that maximizes strength and minimizes weight.
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Description
Test your knowledge of spongy bone histology with this quiz! Learn about osteoprogenitor cells, the endosteum, and trabeculae of calcifying cartilage in growing bones. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about the microscopic structure of spongy bone.
