Spirometry and Lung Function Testing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using arterial blood gases (ABGs)?

  • To monitor oxygen saturation levels
  • To assess the gas exchange function of the lungs (correct)
  • To establish a personal best in asthma management
  • To measure the metabolic demands of tissues

    • What is a key characteristic of pulse oximetry measurements?

  • They require an invasive procedure to obtain readings
  • They can be affected by factors such as nail polish and cold hands (correct)
  • They only assess carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood
  • They are more accurate than arterial blood gas measurements

    • How should peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements be performed for accurate results?

  • Once a day at a random time
  • After inhaling a bronchodilator only
  • Two to four times a day for personal best comparison (correct)
  • Only when experiencing asthma symptoms

    • Why is peak flow meter not preferred for diagnostic purposes?

    <p>Spirometry provides a more comprehensive assessment of lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a normal oxygen saturation level (SpO2) in healthy individuals at rest?

    <p>Greater than 95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measure?

    <p>Total amount of air forcibly exhaled after maximal inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a low FEV1/FVC ratio?

    <p>Obstructive lung defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?

    <p>7.35-7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) indicate?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is at least three acceptable spirograms necessary in spirometry?

    <p>To ensure valid and reproducible results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically not measured by spirometry?

    <p>Total lung capacity (TLC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high bicarbonate (HCO3) concentration indicate?

    <p>Metabolic alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Percent of oxygen saturated hemoglobin (SaO2) measure?

    <p>Efficiency of blood oxygenation by the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spirometry

    • Measures airflow into and out of the lungs.
    • Low-risk procedure taking 15–20 minutes.
    • Determines most, but not all, lung volumes and capacities.
    • Results are evaluated against normal/predicted values.
    • Requires at least three acceptable spirograms for valid, reproducible results.
    • Cannot measure residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), or total lung capacity (TLC).

    Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

    • Total amount of air forcibly exhaled after maximal inspiration.
    • Patient inhales to total lung capacity, then exhales quickly, forcefully, and completely.
    • Measures the volume of air exhaled in this manner.

    Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)

    • Volume of air exhaled during the first second of the FVC maneuver.
    • Measures maximal exhaled air volume in one second following full inspiration.

    FEV1/FVC Ratio

    • Ratio of FEV1 to FVC.
    • Represents the percentage of FVC expired in the first second.
    • Helps determine if a patient has obstructive, restrictive, or normal lung function.
    • A low ratio indicates an obstructive defect.

    Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

    • Measures blood's acid/base status and oxygenation.
    • Useful for indicating the source of acid/base disturbances.
    • Assesses response to treatment.
    • Uses arterial blood (reflects lung gas exchange).

    pH

    • Measures hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.
    • 7.35–7.45 (7.4 is neutral).
    • Low pH = acidosis, high pH = alkalosis.

    Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)

    • Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.

    Percent of oxygen saturated hemoglobin (SaO2)

    • Percent of oxygen saturated hemoglobin in arterial blood.

    Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

    • Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.
    • 35–45 mmHg.
    • Increased in respiratory acidosis, decreased in respiratory alkalosis.
    • Reflects lung gas exchange.

    Bicarbonate (HCO3)

    • Concentration of bicarbonate in the blood.
    • 22–26 mEq/L.
    • Decreased in metabolic acidosis, increased in metabolic alkalosis.
    • Part of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system.

    Pulse Oximetry

    • Non-invasive, continuous method measuring arterial oxygen saturation.
    • Measures oxygen saturation of blood (SpO2).
    • Greater than 95% at rest, less than 5% desaturation with exercise considered normal.
    • Less accurate than ABGs; affected by factors like nail polish, cold hands, smoking, and skin pigmentation.
    • Used in perioperative settings, impact of treatment evaluation, and identifying need for mechanical ventilation.

    Peak Flow Meter

    • Measures maximal exhaled airflow rate.
    • Used to self-monitor airflow obstruction in asthma.
    • Effort-dependent; proper technique is critical.
    • Patients establish a "personal best" for comparison.
    • Peak flow readings indicate worsening asthma control.
    • Measurements should be taken 2–4 times daily for 2–3 weeks to establish personal best. The highest of three readings is recorded , and the same meter should be used each time.
    • Not a preferred diagnostic tool, spirometry is preferred.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the principles of spirometry, including methods for measuring airflow and lung volumes. It focuses on key metrics such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), and their significance in assessing lung health. Test your understanding of these essential respiratory measurements.

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