24 Questions
In the spiral model, what does the angular dimension represent?
progress of the current phase
What is one of the advantages of the spiral model?
it improves user satisfaction
What is a characteristic of a prototype in the prototype model?
it has limited functional capabilities
When is the spiral model typically used?
for medium to high risk projects
What is one of the disadvantages of the spiral model?
it is more complex to understand
What is the purpose of building a prototype in the prototype model?
to get a working model of the system
What is a characteristic of a prototype in the prototype model?
it is built using several shortcuts
In which phase of the spiral model is the review and planning process?
4th quadrant
What is the primary objective of the prototype model in software development?
To allow customers to have a look at the partial product and get quicker user feedback
What is a major advantage of using the prototype model in software development?
It allows for quicker user feedback and easier accommodation of new requirements
What is a disadvantage of using the prototype model in software development?
The code for the prototype is usually thrown away, wasting time
When is the prototype model typically used in software development?
When the desired system needs to have a lot of interactions with end users
What is the meaning of 'Agile' in the context of software development?
Swift or versatile
What is a characteristic of Agile process model in software development?
It breaks tasks into smaller iterations or parts
What is a common use case for the Agile process model in software development?
When the project involves GUI type of development
What is a key difference between the Agile process model and the prototype model?
The prototype model involves iterative development, while the Agile model involves long-term planning
What is the primary focus of the core product in the Incremental Model?
To evaluate the system by customers
What is a characteristic of the Incremental Model that makes it more flexible?
It is less costly to change the scope and requirements
What is a disadvantage of the Incremental Model?
It is difficult to subdivide problems into functional units
When is the Incremental Model typically used?
When the problem is very large and user requirements are not well specified
What is the main goal of the RAD model?
To create a fully functional system within short time periods
What is a key requirement for the RAD model to be successful?
The requirements are cleared and well understood initially
What is a characteristic of the Incremental Model that benefits the user?
The user gets a chance to experiment with partially developed software
What is the purpose of feedback in the Incremental Model?
To determine the better final product
Study Notes
Spiral Model
- It is flexible and can deal with changes easily
- It involves user involvement, which improves user satisfaction
- New ideas and functionality can be added at a later stage
- It is applicable for large problem only
- It can be more costly to use
- It is more complex to understand
- More documents are needed as more spirals are added
Spiral Model Quadrants
- 1st Quadrant: Determine Objectives
- 2nd Quadrant: Identify and resolve risks
- 3rd Quadrant: Develop next level product
- 4th Quadrant: Review and planning
Spiral Model Graph
- Radius represents cost
- Angular dimension represents progress of the current phase
Prototype Model
- A working physical system or subsystem
- A partial developed product
- Limited functional capabilities
- Low reliability
- Inefficient performance
- Useful in developing GUI part of system
- Quick design and build prototype
- Submit to customer for evaluation
- Refine requirements and modify prototype
- Repeat until customer approval
- Then, develop actual system using iterative waterfall model
Prototype Model Advantages
- Partial product is built initially, allowing customer preview
- New requirements can be accommodated easily
- Quicker user feedback for better solution
- Chance of user satisfaction is higher
Prototype Model Disadvantages
- Code is usually thrown away, wasting time
- High construction cost
- Losing customer interest if initial prototype is unsatisfactory
Prototype Model When to Use
- When system needs interactions with end-users
- Generally used in GUI type of development
Agile Model
- Based on iterative development
- Break tasks into smaller iterations
- No long-term planning
- Project scope and requirements laid down at the beginning
- System broken down into modules, implemented and delivered incrementally
- Core product developed first
- Core product used by customers to evaluate
- Initial product skeleton refined into increasing levels of capability
Incremental Model
- Each successive version performs more useful work
- Core modules get thoroughly tested, reducing error chance
- Model is flexible and less costly to change scope and requirements
- User gets to experiment with partially developed software
- Feedback at each increment helps determine better final product
Incremental Model Disadvantages
- Difficulty in subdividing problems into functional units
- Model can be used for very large problems
- Needs good planning and design
Incremental Model When to Use
- When problem is very large and user requirements are not well specified initially
RAD Model
- Proposed by IBM in 1980
- Emphasizes extremely short development cycle
- Emphasizes reuse
- User involvement essential from requirement analysis to delivery
- Requirements must be cleared and well understood initially
- Can create a fully functional system within short time periods
This quiz covers the quadrants of the spiral model, including determining objectives, identifying risks, developing next level product, and reviewing and planning. It also explores the representation of cost and progress in the spiral model.
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