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Questions and Answers
Which assessment tool uses a scoring system based on posture scores for evaluating whole body exertion?
Which assessment tool uses a scoring system based on posture scores for evaluating whole body exertion?
What does the Liftshitz and Armstrong checklist focus on during its evaluation?
What does the Liftshitz and Armstrong checklist focus on during its evaluation?
Which assessment tool categorizes various postures using images and is best for non-cyclical jobs?
Which assessment tool categorizes various postures using images and is best for non-cyclical jobs?
Which of the following tools is best suited for analyzing jobs that may lead to distal upper extremity disorders?
Which of the following tools is best suited for analyzing jobs that may lead to distal upper extremity disorders?
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In what scenario would the 3D Static Strength Prediction Program be most effectively utilized?
In what scenario would the 3D Static Strength Prediction Program be most effectively utilized?
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What is the scoring range used by the HAL assessment method for tasks involving hand motions?
What is the scoring range used by the HAL assessment method for tasks involving hand motions?
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Which assessment tool involves assigning scores based on visual representation of postures?
Which assessment tool involves assigning scores based on visual representation of postures?
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What type of job would most benefit from using the Revised Strain Index assessment method?
What type of job would most benefit from using the Revised Strain Index assessment method?
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Which psychosocial factors are most commonly associated with increased musculoskeletal injury risk?
Which psychosocial factors are most commonly associated with increased musculoskeletal injury risk?
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What effect does increased lumbar support have on disc pressure?
What effect does increased lumbar support have on disc pressure?
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In which occupational settings are neck and shoulder pain incidents more prevalent?
In which occupational settings are neck and shoulder pain incidents more prevalent?
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What is the primary muscle and tendon associated with rotator cuff shoulder pain?
What is the primary muscle and tendon associated with rotator cuff shoulder pain?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding increased backrest inclination angles?
Which of the following statements is true regarding increased backrest inclination angles?
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Why is it important to address psychosocial factors in return to work programs?
Why is it important to address psychosocial factors in return to work programs?
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What is the primary purpose of Balans chairs?
What is the primary purpose of Balans chairs?
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Which factors should be considered when providing seating for individuals who historically stood at work?
Which factors should be considered when providing seating for individuals who historically stood at work?
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What is one scenario in which tissues can become injured due to excessive load?
What is one scenario in which tissues can become injured due to excessive load?
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How does age affect the force needed to cause disc-vertebrae failure?
How does age affect the force needed to cause disc-vertebrae failure?
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Which type of loading scenario leads to a decrease in tissue tolerance due to repetitive activity?
Which type of loading scenario leads to a decrease in tissue tolerance due to repetitive activity?
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Why is the 'J' curve significant in the context of physical activity and low back pain?
Why is the 'J' curve significant in the context of physical activity and low back pain?
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Which of the following is a generic physical risk factor for musculoskeletal discomfort?
Which of the following is a generic physical risk factor for musculoskeletal discomfort?
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What effect does spine twisting have on the disc and facet joints?
What effect does spine twisting have on the disc and facet joints?
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In the context of the Risk Factor Matrix, which question pertains to the intensity of force?
In the context of the Risk Factor Matrix, which question pertains to the intensity of force?
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What is a common scenario where individuals are exposed to whole body vibration?
What is a common scenario where individuals are exposed to whole body vibration?
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Study Notes
Back Injuries
- Lower back is the most common back injury, affecting ages 25-54.
- 25% of back injuries result in more than 30 days lost from work.
Spine Structure
- Vertebral Body: Load-bearing part, can be injured by crush fractures.
- Posterior Portion: Attachment point for muscles; injury occurs through excessive anterior/posterior shear forces.
- Factors that affect tendon/ligament injury: loading rate, load amount, repetition, pre-existing damage. Strain occurs during large ranges of motion, with ligaments having a higher percentage of elastic fibers compared to tendons. Tendons connect muscle to bone while ligaments connect bone to bone.
Cartilage
- Absorbs shock and distributes loads, preventing bone-on-bone wear.
- Found in discs and vertebral endplates.
- Fibrocartilage; no blood vessels, nutrients delivered through diffusion and spine motion.
Bone Structure
- Outer: Compact bone, provides strength and stiffness.
- Inner: Trabecular bone, large capacity for energy storage.
- Bone remodeling responses to load (Wolf's Law).
Occupational Injuries
- Fatigue fractures, osteoporosis, susceptibility to crushing in older workers are concerns.
Intervertebral Disc
- Nucleus pulposus: Gelatinous mass (88% water), resists compressive loads (important in younger individuals).
- Annulus fibrosus: Layers of collagen fibers, resists shear loads. Less elastic with age, important in resisting compression loads.
- The vertebral endplate connects the disc to the vertebral body, facilitating nutrient exchange with blood vessels.
- Excessive compressive loads can lead to endplate fractures and potential disc degeneration, bulges, and herniations to occur. This can lead to cell death as a result of excessive compressive loading.
Back Pain
- Tissues that can be the source of low back pain include: disc, ligament, tendon, and facet joint, as well as muscle.
Musculoskeletal Discomfort Risk Factors
- Excessive spinal load is due to awkward postures, excessive force, repetitive activity, lack of rest, and environmental stressors.
- Muscles strongest when mildly forward bending.
- Muscle length changes with posture.
- Pressure on facet joints increases with twisting and reaching.
- Extreme forward bending increases ligament laxity.
- Twisting strains disc fibers and pressures facet joints.
- A larger degree of head tilt results in shorter muscle fatigue time for the neck.
Psychosocial Factors
- Job satisfaction, supervisor relationships, and social environment can be risk factors for musculoskeletal injury.
- Return-to-work programs must consider psychosocial factors to improve outcomes.
Assessment Tools
- Tools like REBA, RULA, Liftshitz and Armstrong Checklist measure posture/lifting.
- PATH and HAL measure job motions, while the Revised Strain Index measures exertion level.
- Other factors, like distance to screen, screen height, screen adjustments, desk heights, and headset use, influence neck posture and use.
Other
- Whole-body vibration is linked to lumbar disc injury (LBD) risk.
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Description
Test your knowledge on spine structure, back injuries, and the function of cartilage and bone in preventing injuries. This quiz covers key concepts such as vertebral body, tendons, ligaments, and the effects of different forces on spine health. Perfect for those studying anatomy or kinesiology.
