Spinal Stabilization Exercises Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of spinal stabilization exercises?

  • Increasing the range of motion in the spinal joints.
  • Isolating and stretching individual spinal ligaments to improve flexibility.
  • Controlling the position and movement of the spine through muscular effort. (correct)
  • Strengthening the superficial muscles of the back for power lifting.

In the context of spinal progression, which element is typically emphasized first?

  • Improving maximal muscle strength in global muscle groups.
  • Restoring and maintaining neutral spinal alignment. (correct)
  • Enhancing power output through plyometric exercises.
  • Developing complex movement patterns with external loads.

Which of the following is MOST critical for achieving effective spinal stabilization?

  • Sustained static contractions of superficial back extensors.
  • Aggressive stretching of the hamstrings and hip flexors.
  • High repetitions of exercises to induce muscle hypertrophy.
  • Precise activation and coordination of deep core musculature. (correct)

During spinal stabilization training, what is the primary role of the transversus abdominis muscle?

<p>To create intra-abdominal pressure and support the lumbar spine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these activities would be LEAST suitable to initiate during the early phases of a spinal stabilization program?

<p>High-impact plyometric jumps and landings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is primarily associated with global mobilizer muscles?

<p>Generating torque and producing movement through concentric power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Local stabilizer muscles are best characterized by their:

<p>Deep location and role in controlling motion within a single vertebral segment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A muscle with a greater percentage of type I muscle fibers is MOST likely classified as a:

<p>Local stabilizer, suited for continuous activity and endurance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lumbar spine, which muscle is classified as a global mobilizer?

<p>Rectus abdominis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cervical spine muscle is categorized as a local stabilizer?

<p>Longus colli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spinal mobilizer muscles are typically located ________ relative to the axis of motion compared to spinal stabilizer muscles.

<p>farther (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extremity muscles, compared to trunk muscles, are described as having:

<p>Roles that may shift depending on the demands of the activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of tonic muscles in the stabilization system is to:

<p>Control joint alignment and provide continuous support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct benefit of incorporating free weights into a workout routine, according to the provided information?

<p>Enhanced strength of stabilizer muscles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cause of stability impairment?

<p>Elevated muscle endurance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When addressing regional impairment related to stability, which factor is emphasized as needing attention?

<p>Regional muscle strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST accurate definition of hypermobility as described in the text?

<p>Excessive movement around a joint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'instability' from 'hypermobility'?

<p>Instability is excessive joint movement <em>without muscular control</em>, while hypermobility is simply excessive movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of spinal stabilization exercises, as outlined in the provided text?

<p>To actively train deep core musculature for support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In spinal stabilization, what aspect of muscle function is particularly emphasized?

<p>Endurance and stabilization capacity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the FIRST guideline recommended for spinal stabilization according to the provided information?

<p>Kinesthetic awareness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a guideline for spinal stabilization using manual resistance?

<p>Utilizing alternating isometrics and rhythmic stabilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transition stabilization is BEST exemplified by which activity?

<p>Stabilizing the spine during sit-to-stand movements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a BP cuff for lumbar spine activation, what is the TARGET pressure drop during muscle activation?

<p>A pressure drop of 6-10 mmHg from a baseline of 70 mmHg. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For cervical spine activation with a BP cuff, the pressure is progressively increased in increments of:

<p>2 mmHg increments up to 30 mmHg. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cervical spine limb loading focusing on flexors, which exercise is emphasized?

<p>Chin tucks with manual resistance to the forehead. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In lumbar spine limb loading, 'level 2' for flexors is described as:

<p>Bilateral knee fall outs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lumbar spine limb loading for extensors in quadruped position typically begins with:

<p>Upper extremity (UE) movement only, then lower extremity (LE) movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For cervical spine stabilization progressions, the recommended sequence of body positions, once activation is consistent, begins with:

<p>Supine, then prone, then sitting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

CORE STIX® primarily facilitates core stabilization through:

<p>Upper extremity resistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key benefit of strong core musculature in relation to limb function is:

<p>Greater power production of the extremities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stabilization exercises

A type of exercise that focuses on strengthening and controlling the muscles responsible for stabilizing the spine, such as the core muscles.

Spinal progression

A progression of exercises that gradually increases the difficulty and challenge, starting with simple movements and progressing to more complex ones.

PT6606 exercises

A type of exercise that emphasizes strengthening and controlling the small muscles that help to stabilize the spine.

Comprehensive spinal program

A combination of exercises that targets different aspects of spinal health, such as flexibility, strength, and endurance.

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Progressive overload

A method of designing exercise programs by starting with basic movements and gradually increasing the challenge over time.

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Joint Hypermobility

A condition where a joint has too much movement.

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Muscle Weakness and Instability

Weakness in muscles surrounding a joint can lead to instability.

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Impaired Postural Control

The ability of the body to maintain a stable posture.

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Impaired Endurance

The ability of muscles to sustain effort over time.

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Joint Instability

A condition where excessive movement of a joint occurs without muscular control.

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Spinal Stabilization

Training the deep core muscles to support the spine in all positions.

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Isometric Holding

A type of exercise where muscles are contracted without movement.

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Progressive Limb Loading

Exercises that progressively increase the challenge to the core muscles by adding limb movements.

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Mobilizers

Muscles that generate torque and movement. - They are primarily responsible for producing power and creating motion. They can be thought of as the 'prime movers' of a joint.

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Stabilizers

Responsible for stabilizing a joint and controlling its alignment. They exhibit minimal length change during movement, primarily operating isometrically. - They provide the foundation for controlled motion: Think of them as the "braces" for a joint.

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Global Mobilizer

Global mobilizers are located further from the axis of rotation and cross multiple joints. - They're responsible for generating larger movements and are usually stronger.

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Local Stabilizer

Local stabilizers are located closer to the axis of motion and typically attach to individual vertebrae or segments. They are composed of a higher proportion of type I muscle fibers, which are more fatigue-resistant and better equipped for endurance.

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Stabilizer Muscles

Stabilizer muscles that have characteristics of both global and local stabilizers. - They can act as both movers and stabilizers depending on the movement demands.

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Superficial Muscles

Muscles that are further from the axis of motion, and they are usually involved in larger, multi-joint movements. - They're responsible for producing powerful and dynamic movements.

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Deep Muscles

Muscles closer to the axis of motion that typically control finer, more precise movements. - They are responsible for stabilizing the joint and ensuring smooth control.

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Phasic Muscles

Describes muscles that are involved in large-scale, dynamic movements. - They typically generate power and force.

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Isometric stabilization

A type of stabilization exercise where you hold a specific position or movement for a set duration, often with a focus on isometric contractions.

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Transition stabilization

The ability to stabilize the spine while transitioning between different body positions, such as sitting to standing or walking.

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Manual resistance stabilization

A technique that utilizes manual resistance to challenge the spinal muscles, alternating between isometric holds and rhythmic contractions.

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Perturbation

The ability to maintain balance and stability when subjected to sudden disturbances or changes in the environment.

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BP cuff stabilization

A method used to assess and train spinal muscle activation, involving using a BP cuff to measure pressure changes in the abdomen.

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Limb loading

A type of stabilization exercise that involves strengthening the muscles on one side of the body (e.g., flexors or extensors) while the other side remains stationary or performs a different movement.

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Bilateral UE movement stabilization

The ability to maintain a stable spine during different movements, such as lifting weights or performing exercises with the upper extremities.

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Standing balance

A type of stabilization exercise that focuses on strengthening the muscles that support the spine in an upright position, typically involving standing or activities that require upright balance.

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Study Notes

Stabilization Concepts

  • Concepts and spinal progression are discussed.
  • PT6606 is mentioned.
  • D. Dye is mentioned.
  • Content is from Kisner, Borstad & Colby Therapeutic Exercise 8th Ed, 2023.

Functional Classification of Muscles

  • Mobilizers (Global - Phasic): Generate torque for movement, act as concentric power producers, and absorb shock.
  • Stabilizers (Local - Tonic): Maintain joint alignment through tension, exhibit minimal length change (isometric), and are continuously active during movement with high kinematic input.
  • Stabilizer (Global - mix) is also classified.

Function Classification with Spinal Muscles

  • Mobilizers (Global - Phasic): More superficial, cross multiple vertebral segments, and produce compressive loading during strong contraction.
  • Stabilizers (Local - Tonic): Deep, attach to vertebral segments, control segmental motion, and primarily function for endurance.

Function Classification with Spinal Muscles - Table 14.1

  • Mobilizers (Global - Phasic): Lumbar spine: Rectus abdominis, External/internal obliques, QL Cervical spine: Erector spinae, Iliopsoas, SCM, Scalenes, Levator, Upper trap, Erector spinae
  • Stabilizers (Local - Tonic): Lumbar spine: Transversus abdominis, Multifidus, QL (deep portion) Cervical spine: Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, Longus colli.

Spine Stabilizers (Diagram)

  • Depicts various muscles in the spine, including oblique capitis, rectus capitis, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, splenius capitis, middle scalene, longus colli, oblique capitis, inferior muscle , posterior scalene, multifidus, levator costarum, quadratus lumborum, multifidus, spinalis dorsi, longissimus dorsi, iliocostalis dorsi.
  • Shows relationships of the muscles and their function.

Muscles of the Hip Complex

  • Includes psoas major, iliacus, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus minimus, obturator externus, piriformis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, superior gemellus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, pectineus, obturator internus, gracilis, quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus, iliotibial tract

Shoulder Muscles

  • Includes deltoid, pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, triceps brachii (lateral, long, medial heads), biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, latissimus dorsi.
  • Shows relationships of muscles.

Questions on Shoulder External Rotation and Rotator Cuff

  • What is the major global mobilizer for shoulder external rotation?
  • Will power strengthening improve the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

Free Weights and Stabilizer Muscles

  • The statement that working out with free weights is a guaranteed way to strengthen stabilizer muscles is not a proven fact.

Stability Impairment

  • Regional impairment can result from joint hypermobility (ligamentous laxity), muscle weakness, impaired postural control, and impaired endurance.
  • Address joint structures, regional muscles, regional posture, and endurance factors.
  • Check for hypomobility as well as hypermobility.

Definitions (Hypermobility and Instability)

  • Hypermobility: Excessive movement around a joint.
  • Instability: Excessive joint movement without muscular control.

Spinal Stabilization (Ch 16)

  • Recognizes spinal segments or muscle imbalances as a common cause of lower back pain (LBP) and cervical pain.
  • Focuses on actively training the deep "core" musculature (abdominal, lumbar muscles and pelvic floor) to support the body in all positions.
  • Endurance and stabilization are emphasized.

Spinal Stabilization Guidelines (pp 534-535)

  • Kinesthetic awareness is priority.
  • Mobility restrictions; appropriate posture/position.
  • Biofeedback or manual cueing is possible for posture and position.
  • Activation - Isometric holding.
  • Focus on TrA and multifidus (Mf).
  • Biofeedback/manual cueing monitoring.
  • Extremity motions: Progressive limb loading; dynamic stabilization.
  • Increase endurance and strength, 30-60 sec up to 3 min; add resistance with extremity movements

Spinal Stabilization (pp 534-535) Continued

  • Guidelines include manual resistance-alternating isometrics and rhythmic stabilization.
  • Transition stabilization: ability to stabilize while changing positions.
  • Examples: sit-to-stand, walking and lifting with bilateral upper extremities, lifting overhead.
  • Higher-level balance training (perturbation) is used in interventions.

Methods of Activation

  • Use of blood pressure cuff or stabilizer.
  • Process for finding neutral spine.
  • With activation, drops in pressure measurement.
  • Holds for 10 seconds and builds gradually up to 10 repetitions.

Limb Loading Emphasis on Flexors - Cervical Spine

  • Exercises for cervical spine are presented.

Limb Loading Emphasis on Extensors - Cervical Spine

  • Exercises for cervical spine are presented.

Limb Loading Emphasis on Flexors and Extension for Lumbar

  • Demonstrates different levels of limb loading for lumbar flexors and extensors.

Progressions (CH 16)

  • Body positions: supine, quadruped, prone, plank, sitting, standing, lunges, and squats.
  • Positions are not required to be sequential.
  • Activation in prone positioning is often emphasized first. Activation in supine or sitting positions is also included.
  • Gymnastic ball, foam rollers for unsteadiness.

Foundation and Equipment (San Francisco Spine Institute)

  • Founders Dynamic Lumbar Stabilization Program was established in 1989.
  • Was a non-profit research organization.
  • Core stabilization method (CORE STIX®) using upper extremity (UE) resistance.

Summary

  • Stabilization is essential for efficient muscle performance.
  • A stable, strong "core" allows for superior power production in the extremities.
  • Evidence suggests that core stabilization reduces lower back pain recurrence.

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