36 Questions
The posterior longitudinal ligament limits forward flexion and reinforces the anterior portion of the anulus fibrosus.
False
The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the supraspinous ligament.
False
The ligamentum flavum resists separation of the laminae in the thoracic region.
False
Posterior atlantoaxial ligament is well-developed in the lumbar region.
False
The ligamentum flavum is thickest in the cervical region.
False
Supraspinous ligaments limit forward flexion in the cervical and lumbar regions.
True
The anterior longitudinal ligament limits extension and reinforces the posterior portion of the anulus fibrosus.
False
The ligamentum flavum is broad and long in the lumbar region.
True
The ligaments that resist distraction, translation, and rotation of vertebral bodies are the anterior and posterior atlantoaxial ligaments.
False
Atlas (C1 and C2) ligamentum nuchae limits forward flexion.
False
The intertransverse ligaments limit rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion to the opposite side.
False
The iliolumbar ligament resists forward flexion and axial rotation.
True
The alar ligaments are strongest at the cervicothoracic junction.
False
Zygapophyseal joint capsules limit contralateral lateral flexion.
False
The spinous processes and transverse processes provide levers for muscles and ligaments to restrict movement.
True
Apophyseal joints guide intervertebral motion.
True
Interbody joints connect an intervertebral disc with a single vertebral body.
False
Arthrokinematics describe movements of the spine as a whole.
False
Axial rotation is defined by the movement of a point on the posterior side of the vertebral body.
False
Joint separation is usually caused by a compression force.
False
Sliding between joint surfaces is caused by a shear force.
True
Coupled motions are defined as primary movements that consistently accompany a secondary motion.
False
Flexion and extension occur in the frontal plane.
False
Lateral flexion involves side bending to the anterior or posterior.
False
Axial rotation between L1 and L2 causes an approximation of the ipsilateral apophyseal joint.
False
Therapeutic traction usually involves joint separation.
True
Forward and backward bending are other terminologies for flexion and extension.
True
Pure lateral flexion and pure rotation can occur in any region of the spine.
False
Spinal coupling involves automatic and highly perceptible movements in two different planes simultaneously.
False
Coupling patterns in the spine primarily involve association between lateral flexion and contralateral axial rotation in the cervical spine.
False
During primary lateral bending of the spine, there is a tendency for the thoracic spine to flex.
False
Orbach's study in 2023 focused on the kinematic phenomenon of spinal coupling in the lumbar spine.
False
The smallest functional unit in the spine includes two adjacent vertebrae and the intervertebral disc but excludes soft tissues.
False
Posture has no influence on spinal coupling patterns.
False
Significant coupled lateral flexion was ipsilateral in the thoracic spine and contralateral in both the thoracolumbar junction and lumbar spine during primary axial rotation.
True
Spinal coupling results from mechanical factors related to the geometry of the physiologic curve in the spine.
True
Test your knowledge about ligaments in the spine and their role in stabilizing intervertebral junctions. Learn about the functions of different ligaments and how they limit certain movements in the spine.
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