Spinal Cord Structure and Function

Spinal Cord Structure and Function

• The spinal cord is a long, white cord extending from the brainstem to the lumbar region.
• Protected by the vertebral column.
• Composed of gray and white matter.
• Gray matter: contains neuronal cell bodies (internally)
• White matter: contains nerve fibers (externally)
• Gray matter has an H-shape with two anterior (dorsal) and two posterior (ventral) horns.
• Anterior horns: contain motor neuron axons forming motor roots of spinal nerves.
• Posterior horns: receive sensory neuron axons forming sensory roots of spinal nerves.
• Two main functions:
  • Reflex center: generates responses without brain involvement.
  • Conductor of nerve impulses: conducts signals between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.

Spinal Cord Meninges and Structures

• Pia mater: innermost meningeal layer.
• Arachnoid mater: middle meningeal layer.
• Dura mater: outermost meningeal layer.
• White matter: composed of nerve fibers.
• Gray matter: composed of neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.
• Roots of the spinal nerve: motor and sensory roots connecting the spinal cord to peripheral nerves.
• Spinal nerve: formed from the union of motor and sensory roots.

Spinal Nerves

• Formed by the union of motor and sensory roots.

Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column

• The spinal cord extends through the vertebral canal, which is formed by the vertebral foramina of the vertebrae.
• The spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral column, and the vertebral column continues down into the sacrum and coccyx.
• The meninges of the spinal cord extend beyond the end of the spinal cord, forming a space called the subarachnoid space.
• The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

This quiz explores the intricate structure and vital functions of the spinal cord. You'll learn about the differences between gray and white matter, the meningeal layers, and the spinal cord's role as a reflex center and conductor of nerve impulses. Test your knowledge on this essential component of the nervous system.