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Questions and Answers
What type of spinal injury is characterized by preserved motor and sensory function below the level of injury?
What anatomical region contains 5 vertebrae in the spinal cord?
What is the most common spinal cord injury associated with minor extension in the elderly?
Which type of spinal cord syndrome results from direct compression of the anterior cord?
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In Anterior Cord Syndrome, which type of sensory function is preserved?
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How prevalent is incomplete tetraplegia according to spinal cord injury statistics?
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Which imaging technique would best show hematoma or disc impingement in the spinal cord?
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Which symptom is likely to be more severe in patients with Central Cord Syndrome?
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What condition is characterized by loss of proprioception while preserving motor functions and light touch?
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Which syndrome is commonly associated with penetrating trauma such as stab wounds?
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Which syndrome typically presents with symptoms of saddle anesthesia and bilateral lower extremity pain?
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What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting Spinal Cord injury without radiologic abnormalities in children?
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Which type of Spina Bifida is the mildest and most common form found in the population?
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What is a common treatment for Cauda Equina Syndrome in the acute phase?
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In the context of Sciwora Syndrome, what injury is most often due to hyperextension?
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What is not a symptom of Cauda Equina Syndrome?
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Study Notes
Spinal Cord Injury Overview
- Neuro deficit varies depending on the level of spinal cord injury.
- Incomplete tetraplegia occurs in approximately 90% of cases, with incomplete paraplegia at 18%, and complete paraplegia at 6%.
- Complete tetraplegia affects about 6% of spinal cord injuries.
Spinal Cord Anatomy
- Spinal cord segments: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5).
- Ascending tracts send sensory information to the brain; descending tracts relay motor signals to muscles.
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries
- Defined as having some preserved motor or sensory function below the injury level.
Central Cord Syndrome
- Most common spinal cord injury in elderly individuals.
- Often arises from minor extension injuries and pre-existing cervical spondylosis.
- Symptoms include greater motor deficits in the upper extremities, particularly hands versus arms.
- Imaging may reveal a narrow spinal canal, with hematomas or disc impingements seen on MRI.
Anterior Cord Syndrome
- Results from direct compression of the anterior spinal cord, commonly due to flexion or compression injuries.
- Exam findings include loss of motor function and pain sensation, while proprioception and vibratory senses remain intact.
Posterior Cord Syndrome
- Extremely rare and results in loss of proprioception.
- Motor function and pain/light touch sensation remain preserved.
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
- Occurs from hemisection of the spinal cord, typically due to penetrating trauma (e.g., stab or gunshot wounds).
SCIWORA Syndrome
- Refers to spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormalities, predominantly in pediatric cases.
- Caused by the increased elasticity of the spine in children.
- Symptoms include transverse ligament injuries and hyperextension injuries.
- Diagnosis primarily through MRI which can show anatomical irregularities.
Cauda Equina Syndrome
- Associated with lumbar disc herniations.
- Symptoms include saddle anesthesia, bilateral lower extremity pain, and sensorimotor loss.
- May also result in urinary retention and decreased rectal tone.
- Clinical exam may reveal areflexia or hyporeflexia.
Spina Bifida Occulta
- Known as "cleft spine," this condition arises from incomplete neurotube development.
- It is the most common neural tube defect in the US, affecting 10-20% of the population with many undetected cases.
- Four types exist, with the occulta type being the mildest.
- Closed neural tube malformations may involve fat, bone, membranes, and in some cases, the spinal cord.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about spinal cord injuries, including types, statistics, and neurological deficits associated with each level of injury. Test your knowledge on incomplete and complete paraplegia and tetraplegia to better understand the impacts of spinal cord injuries.
