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Questions and Answers
Who developed the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)?
Who developed the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)?
American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)
What does ISNCSCI stand for?
What does ISNCSCI stand for?
International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury
What is assessed during ISNCSCI motor testing?
What is assessed during ISNCSCI motor testing?
Manual muscle testing of 10 key muscles bilaterally (C5-T1 and L2-S1 myotomes)
How is ISNCSCI motor testing scored?
How is ISNCSCI motor testing scored?
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What two sensation tests are used in ISNCSCI sensory testing?
What two sensation tests are used in ISNCSCI sensory testing?
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How is ISNCSCI sensory testing scored?
How is ISNCSCI sensory testing scored?
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C5 corresponds to __________.
C5 corresponds to __________.
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C6 corresponds to __________.
C6 corresponds to __________.
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C7 corresponds to __________.
C7 corresponds to __________.
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L2 corresponds to __________.
L2 corresponds to __________.
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Match the spinal cord levels to their corresponding muscle functions:
Match the spinal cord levels to their corresponding muscle functions:
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What is the definition of Complete according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?
What is the definition of Complete according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?
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What signifies an Incomplete injury according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?
What signifies an Incomplete injury according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?
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What does AIS Grade A signify?
What does AIS Grade A signify?
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What are the criteria for AIS Grade B?
What are the criteria for AIS Grade B?
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What is the definition of the Neurologic Level of Injury for motor function?
What is the definition of the Neurologic Level of Injury for motor function?
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What is the Zone of Partial Preservation?
What is the Zone of Partial Preservation?
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Study Notes
American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)
- Developed the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI).
- Provides a standardized assessment tool for evaluating the neurologic level of spinal cord injuries.
- Assessment includes motor and sensory testing with grading based on the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS).
Motor Testing
- Involves manual muscle testing of 10 key muscle groups bilaterally.
- Key areas tested include C5-T1 for upper extremities and L2-S1 for lower extremities.
- Scores range from 0 to 5, with no pluses or minuses.
Sensory Testing
- Conducted at 28 points bilaterally across C2-S5 dermatomes.
- Light touch and pinprick sensations are evaluated.
- Scoring is from 0 (absent) to 2 (normal).
Key Muscles Tested
- Upper Extremities: C5 (elbow flexors), C6 (wrist extensors), C7 (elbow extensors), C8 (finger flexors), T1 (finger abductors).
- Lower Extremities: L2 (hip flexors), L3 (knee extensors), L4 (ankle dorsiflexors), L5 (long toe extensors), S1 (ankle plantar flexors).
Upper and Lower Extremity Scores
- Upper Extremity Motor Score (UEMS) is the sum of manual muscle testing (MMT) of upper extremities bilaterally.
- Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS) is the sum of MMT of lower extremities bilaterally.
- Light Touch Total (LT Total) combines light touch testing results for both extremities.
- Pinprick Total (PP Total) aggregates pinprick testing results for both extremities.
Neurologic Level of Injury
- Sensory: Identified as the lowest intact dermatome for both pinprick and light touch.
- Motor: Defined by the lowest key muscle function with a grade of at least 3, with key muscle functions above judged as intact.
Complete vs. Incomplete Injury
- Complete injury: No voluntary anal contraction; all S4-5 sensory scores are zero; deep anal pressure is absent.
- Incomplete injury: Any criteria for complete injury are not met.
ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) Grades
- Grade A: Complete; no sensory or motor function below neurological level.
- Grade B: Sensory Incomplete; sensory preserved but not motor; includes sacral segments.
- Grade C: Motor Incomplete; motor preserved below neurologic level with many muscles less than grade 3.
- Grade D: Motor Incomplete; motor preserved below neurologic level, with at least half of muscles greater than or equal to grade 3.
- Grade E: Normal; all sensory and motor functions normal, with previous deficits.
Zone of Partial Preservation
- Defined as the lowest dermatome or myotome with some sensory or motor preservation.
- Applicable only to complete AIS A injuries.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the American Spinal Injury Association's standards for assessing spinal cord injuries. This quiz covers the International Standards for Neurological Classification and various aspects of motor and sensory testing. Challenge yourself on key muscles, scoring methods, and other critical components of spinal cord injury evaluation.
