Spinal Cord Injury Assessment Quiz

Questions and Answers

Who developed the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)?

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)

What does ISNCSCI stand for?

International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury

What is assessed during ISNCSCI motor testing?

Manual muscle testing of 10 key muscles bilaterally (C5-T1 and L2-S1 myotomes)

How is ISNCSCI motor testing scored?

0-5 (no pluses or minuses) Signup and view all the answers

What two sensation tests are used in ISNCSCI sensory testing?

Light touch and pinprick Signup and view all the answers

How is ISNCSCI sensory testing scored?

0-2 (0=absent, 1=impaired, 2=normal) Signup and view all the answers

C5 corresponds to __________.

elbow flexors Signup and view all the answers

C6 corresponds to __________.

wrist extensors Signup and view all the answers

C7 corresponds to __________.

elbow extensors Signup and view all the answers

L2 corresponds to __________.

hip flexors Signup and view all the answers

Match the spinal cord levels to their corresponding muscle functions:

C5 = Elbow flexors C6 = Wrist extensors C7 = Elbow extensors C8 = Finger flexors T1 = Finger abductors L2 = Hip flexors L3 = Knee extensors L4 = Ankle dorsiflexors L5 = Long toe extensors S1 = Ankle plantar flexors Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Complete according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?

Absent voluntary anal contraction, all S4-5 sensory scores = 0, deep anal pressure absent Signup and view all the answers

What signifies an Incomplete injury according to the ASIA Impairment Scale?

If any criteria for complete injury are not met Signup and view all the answers

What does AIS Grade A signify?

Complete injury with no sensory or motor function preserved in the sacral segments Signup and view all the answers

What are the criteria for AIS Grade B?

Sensory incomplete with sensory function preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the Neurologic Level of Injury for motor function?

Lowest key muscle function that has a grade of at least 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the Zone of Partial Preservation?

Lowest dermatome or myotome on each side with some preservation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)

Developed the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI).
Provides a standardized assessment tool for evaluating the neurologic level of spinal cord injuries.
Assessment includes motor and sensory testing with grading based on the ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS).

Motor Testing

Involves manual muscle testing of 10 key muscle groups bilaterally.
Key areas tested include C5-T1 for upper extremities and L2-S1 for lower extremities.
Scores range from 0 to 5, with no pluses or minuses.

Sensory Testing

Conducted at 28 points bilaterally across C2-S5 dermatomes.
Light touch and pinprick sensations are evaluated.
Scoring is from 0 (absent) to 2 (normal).

Key Muscles Tested

Upper Extremities: C5 (elbow flexors), C6 (wrist extensors), C7 (elbow extensors), C8 (finger flexors), T1 (finger abductors).
Lower Extremities: L2 (hip flexors), L3 (knee extensors), L4 (ankle dorsiflexors), L5 (long toe extensors), S1 (ankle plantar flexors).

Upper and Lower Extremity Scores

Upper Extremity Motor Score (UEMS) is the sum of manual muscle testing (MMT) of upper extremities bilaterally.
Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS) is the sum of MMT of lower extremities bilaterally.
Light Touch Total (LT Total) combines light touch testing results for both extremities.
Pinprick Total (PP Total) aggregates pinprick testing results for both extremities.

Neurologic Level of Injury

Sensory: Identified as the lowest intact dermatome for both pinprick and light touch.
Motor: Defined by the lowest key muscle function with a grade of at least 3, with key muscle functions above judged as intact.

Complete vs. Incomplete Injury

Complete injury: No voluntary anal contraction; all S4-5 sensory scores are zero; deep anal pressure is absent.
Incomplete injury: Any criteria for complete injury are not met.

ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) Grades

Grade A: Complete; no sensory or motor function below neurological level.
Grade B: Sensory Incomplete; sensory preserved but not motor; includes sacral segments.
Grade C: Motor Incomplete; motor preserved below neurologic level with many muscles less than grade 3.
Grade D: Motor Incomplete; motor preserved below neurologic level, with at least half of muscles greater than or equal to grade 3.
Grade E: Normal; all sensory and motor functions normal, with previous deficits.

Zone of Partial Preservation

Defined as the lowest dermatome or myotome with some sensory or motor preservation.
Applicable only to complete AIS A injuries.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the American Spinal Injury Association's standards for assessing spinal cord injuries. This quiz covers the International Standards for Neurological Classification and various aspects of motor and sensory testing. Challenge yourself on key muscles, scoring methods, and other critical components of spinal cord injury evaluation.