Spinal Cord Anatomy and Meninges
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Questions and Answers

What is the structure that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the spinal cord?

  • Lateral funiculus
  • Posterior horn
  • Anterior gray commissure
  • Central canal (correct)

Which laminae of the gray matter are primarily related to sensory pathways?

  • Lamina IX
  • Lamina X
  • Lamina I - IV (correct)
  • Lamina VII

Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the gray matter?

  • Central canal
  • Posterior funiculus (correct)
  • Anterior horn
  • Lateral horn

What type of neurons are found in lamina IX of the anterior horn?

<p>Alpha and gamma motor neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fibers coming from receptors in muscles, joints, and skin?

<p>They connect to post horn neurons for reflex actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which funiculus contains the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus?

<p>Posterior funiculus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is a branch of the subclavian artery and passes through cervical transverse foramina?

<p>Vertebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many laminae are present within the gray matter of the spinal cord?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the gray matter in the spinal cord?

<p>Butterfly-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area expands as a fusiform terminal ventricle in the conus medullaris?

<p>Central canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the spinal cord begin?

<p>Foramen magnum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord typically end in adults?

<p>L1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enlargement of the spinal cord is associated with the brachial plexus?

<p>Cervical enlargement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord?

<p>35 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is referred to as the cauda equina?

<p>The collection of spinal nerve roots below the spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the meninges surrounds the spinal cord and has two layers?

<p>Dura mater (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which vertebral level does the dura mater and arachnoid mater terminate?

<p>S2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lower end of the spinal cord called?

<p>Conus medullaris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the filum terminale?

<p>To connect the conus medullaris to the coccyx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the lengths of the spinal cord in males and females?

<p>Males have a longer spinal cord than females (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the denticulate ligaments?

<p>To anchor the spinal cord within the vertebral canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many segments are there in the cervical region of the spinal cord?

<p>8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord does the posterior root enter from?

<p>Posterolateral sulcus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal nerve roots are responsible for motor information?

<p>Anterior root (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the rootlets that form the anterior and posterior roots of a spinal nerve called?

<p>Fila radicularia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in total?

<p>31 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'dermatome' refer to?

<p>The skin region innervated by one spinal nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are there 8 pairs of spinal nerves at the cervical level?

<p>C1 exits between the atlas and occipital bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates neighboring dermatome areas that do not originate from neighboring segments?

<p>Axial line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sulcus is associated with the entry of sensory information?

<p>Posterolateral sulcus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conus Medullaris

The lowermost end of the spinal cord, resembling a cone.

Cauda Equina

A bundle of spinal nerve roots extending from the conus medullaris, resembling a horse's tail.

Dura Mater

The outermost layer of the spinal meninges, consisting of two layers, providing protection and support.

Arachnoid Mater

The middle layer of the spinal meninges, a delicate, web-like membrane separating dura and pia mater.

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Pia Mater

The innermost layer of the spinal meninges, tightly adherent to the spinal cord, providing nourishment and support.

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Cervical Enlargement

The spinal cord's thicker area between C4-T1 where nerves for the arms arise.

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Lumbar Enlargement

The spinal cord's thicker area between L1-S2 where nerves for the legs arise.

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Foramen Magnum

The point where the spinal cord merges with the medulla oblongata at the base of the skull.

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Filum Terminale Internum

The filum terminale's part composed of pia mater, extending from L1 to S2.

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Filum Terminale Externum

The filum terminale's part made of pia mater, extending from S2 to the coccyx.

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Denticulate ligament

A fibrous extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater.

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Anterior median fissure

The groove on the front of the spinal cord.

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Posterior median sulcus

The groove on the back of the spinal cord.

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Spinal cord segment

A segment of the spinal cord where a pair of spinal nerves arises.

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Posterior root

The root that carries sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord.

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Anterior root

The root that carries motor commands from the spinal cord to the periphery.

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Fila radicularia

The bundle of fibers that form the anterior and posterior roots.

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Dermatome

The area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.

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Axial line

The line separating two dermatome areas that are innervated by spinal nerves not from neighboring segments.

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Vertebral canal

The space in the vertebral column where the spinal cord resides.

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Gray matter

The butterfly-shaped central region of the spinal cord containing neurons, neuroglia, and blood vessels.

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White matter

The outer region of the spinal cord surrounding the gray matter, composed of nerve fibers, neuroglia, and blood vessels.

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Anterior funiculus

A vertical column of white matter in the spinal cord, located anterior to the gray matter.

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Posterior funiculus

A vertical column of white matter in the spinal cord, located posterior to the gray matter.

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Lateral funiculus

A vertical column of white matter in the spinal cord, located lateral to the gray matter.

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Central canal

A narrow, central canal in the spinal cord filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

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Anterior gray commissure

A horizontal strip of gray matter connecting the anterior horns of the spinal cord.

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Posterior gray commissure

A horizontal strip of gray matter connecting the posterior horns of the spinal cord.

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Laminae of the gray matter

A set of 10 layers in the gray matter of the spinal cord, each distinguished by the type and arrangement of neurons.

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Study Notes

Spinal Cord Anatomy

  • Begins at the foramen magnum and ends at L3 (newborn) and L1 (adult) in males.
  • Males have a spinal cord approximately 45 cm long, which is longer on average than in females.
  • Superiorly, the spinal cord continues into the medulla oblongata.

Spinal Cord Enlargements

  • Cervical Enlargement: The region where spinal nerves form the brachial plexus.
  • Diameter: approximately 38 mm
  • Lumbar Enlargement: The region where spinal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus.
  • Diameter: approximately 35 mm
  • Conus Medullaris: After the lumbar enlargement, the spinal cord tapers to form the conus medullaris, the lower end of the spinal cord.

Conus Medullaris and Cauda Equina

  • Spinal cord narrows below the lumbosacral enlargement.
  • Conus Medullaris: The lower end of the spinal cord.
  • Cauda Equina: The bundle of nerve roots that extends below the conus medullaris, resembling a horse's tail.

Meninges of the Spinal Cord

  • The spinal cord is surrounded by three meninges (membranes).
  • Dura Mater: The outermost meninx, with two layers.
  • Arachnoid Mater: The middle meninx.
  • Pia Mater: The innermost meninx, which closely adheres to the spinal cord.
  • Pia mater terminates at the inferior limit of spinal cord (L1), Dura mater and arachnoid mater terminate at S2 level.

Filum Terminale

  • Filum Terminale: A thin fibrous extension of the pia mater that extends from the conus medullaris to the coccyx.

Denticulate Ligament

  • Splits the spinal cord within the dura mater. It is attached to the arachnoid mater. There are approximately 20 -22 denticulate ligaments.

Spinal Cord Segments

  • There are 31 segments of spinal cord.
  • 8 cervical segments
  • 12 thoracic segments
  • 5 lumbar segments
  • 5 sacral segments
  • 1 coccygeal segment

Spinal Nerves

  • 31 pairs arise from each spinal cord segment.
  • Posterior Root: Contains sensory fibers entering the spinal cord.
  • Anterior Root: Contains motor fibers leaving the spinal cord.
  • Fila Radicularia: Fibers that form a bundle to form the anterior and posterior roots.

Spinal Cord Blood Supply

  • Arterial supply.
  • Vertebral Arteries: Supply the spinal cord via anterior spinal arteries and posterior spinal arteries.
  • Radicular Arteries: Provide branches for nearby spinal cord.

Spinal Cord External Features

  • Anterior Median Fissure: A groove along the anterior aspect.
  • Posterior Median Sulcus: A groove along the posterior aspect.
  • Anterolateral Sulcus: A groove along the anterolateral aspect.
  • Posterolateral Sulcus: A groove along the posterolateral aspect.

Spinal Cord Internal Structure

  • Gray Matter: Contains nerve cell bodies and neuroglia, giving it a butterfly shape. Divided into 10 laminae.
  • White Matter: Contains nerve fibers, divided into funiculi.
  • Central Canal: A narrow channel occupied by cerebrospinal fluid, running down the spinal cord.

Dermatomes

  • Dermatome: The skin region innervated by a single spinal nerve.
  • Axial Line: The line between two neighbouring dermatomes, where nerve fibers from the spinal nerves may not pass to adjacent dermatomes.

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Spinal Cord Overview PDF

Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the spinal cord, including its lengths, enlargements, and the structures surrounding it such as the meninges. Explore details about the cervical and lumbar enlargements, as well as the conus medullaris and cauda equina. Test your understanding of spinal cord anatomy and its essential components.

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