26 Questions
What is the Delmas index of a spinal column with normal curvatures?
Exactly 95%
What is the main component of the nucleus pulposus?
Water and proteoglycans
What is the function of the lamellae in the intervertebral disk?
To keep the nucleus under constant pressure
What is the difference between the collagen fibers in adjacent rings of the annulus?
They are in opposite directions
What is the Delmas index of a spinal column with exaggerated curvatures?
Less than 94%
What is the purpose of Sharpey's fibers?
To attach the annulus to the cartilaginous end plates
What type of collagen is highest in the nucleus pulposus?
Neither type I nor II
What is the relationship between the flexibility of the spinal column and its Delmas index?
A more flexible spine has a lower Delmas index
What is the main function of the intervertebral disk structure in terms of stability?
To resist intervertebral distraction, shear, and torsion
What is the direction of the collagen fibers that resist distraction forces?
Perpendicular to the endplate
What type of forces are produced during horizontal plane movements?
Shear and torsion forces
Why are torsional forces pertinent in the intervertebral disk?
Because only the fibers oriented in the direction of the slide or twist become taut
What determines the mobility of a particular segment?
The ratio of disk thickness to vertebral body height
Which segment has the greatest mobility?
Lumbar segment (L 1/3)
What is the role of the nucleus position in the intervertebral disk as a shock absorber?
To provide better shock absorption when closer to the center
What is the result of increased hydrostatic pressure in the nucleus pulposus?
Increased tension in the annular fibrosus
What is the primary function of the pressure within the nucleus in the spinal disc?
To convert the annulus fibrosus into a stable weight-bearing structure
What happens to the pressure in the Nucleus Pulposus when lifting a load with the knees straight?
It increases significantly
How many pairs of apophyseal joints are present in the vertebral column?
24 pairs
What type of joints are the apophyseal joints classified as?
Plain joints
What is the primary factor that influences the kinematics at different regions of the vertebral column?
The orientation of the facet surfaces
What type of motion is favored by horizontal facet surfaces?
Axial rotation
What type of motion is blocked by vertical facet surfaces?
Axial rotation
What is the ratio between the vertebral body and the intervertebral discs that influences the predominant motion at each spinal region?
Variable ratio
What is the effect of sitting in a forward-slouched position on the lumbar disc?
It increases the pressure on the lumbar disc
What is the role of the apophyseal joints in the vertebral column?
To facilitate movement
Assess your knowledge of spinal column stability and mobility, including the Delmas index and its relation to functional types of spinal columns. Learn about the effects of curvatures on resistance and more. Test your understanding of this crucial anatomy concept!
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