Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the deep muscles of the back?
What is the primary function of the deep muscles of the back?
What type of ligaments are the transverse, cruciate, alar, and tectorial ligaments?
What type of ligaments are the transverse, cruciate, alar, and tectorial ligaments?
Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from the spinal cord to the muscles?
Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from the spinal cord to the muscles?
What is the primary function of the ascending tracts?
What is the primary function of the ascending tracts?
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Which ligament is specific to the cervical spine?
Which ligament is specific to the cervical spine?
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What is the sequence of information relay in the ascending tracts?
What is the sequence of information relay in the ascending tracts?
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Which type of sensory information is carried by the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway?
Which type of sensory information is carried by the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway?
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Where do the second-order neurons decussate in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway?
Where do the second-order neurons decussate in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway?
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Which ascending tract is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to pain and temperature?
Which ascending tract is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to pain and temperature?
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Where are the cell bodies of the first-order neurons located in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway?
Where are the cell bodies of the first-order neurons located in the Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway?
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What is the function of the Trigeminothalamic Pathway?
What is the function of the Trigeminothalamic Pathway?
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How many ascending tracts use the system described in the sequence: Peripheral receptor → Cerebral cortex?
How many ascending tracts use the system described in the sequence: Peripheral receptor → Cerebral cortex?
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Study Notes
Ligaments of the Spinal Column
- 7 key ligaments of the vertebral column:
- Anterior longitudinal ligament
- Posterior longitudinal ligament
- Ligamentum nuchae of C-spine
- Supraspinous ligament of T&L-spine
- Interspinous ligament
- Intertransverse ligament
- Ligamentum flavum
- AA ligaments:
- Transverse, cruciate, alar, and tectorial ligaments
- AO ligaments:
- Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital ligaments (membranes)
Deep Muscles of the Back
- 3 deep (intrinsic) muscles of the back:
- Associated with movements of the spinal column and control of posture
- Extend from the base of the cranium to the sacrum
- Divided into intermediate deep (erector spinae group) and deep deep (transversospinales group)
Functional Organisation of the Spinal Cord
- Information carried reaches mostly conscious level (cerebral cortex) and some subconscious centers (cerebellum)
- Sequence or order in way information is relayed:
- Peripheral receptor → cerebral cortex
- Ascending tracts:
- First-order neurone cell body in DRG
- Second-order neurone cell body in medulla oblongata
- Axon decussates to opposite side of CNS
- Third-order neurone cell body in thalamus
- Axons pass to somatosensory cortex in (ipsilateral) parietal lobe (POSTCENTRAL GYRUS)
Ascending Tracts
- 4 tracts:
- Dorsal Column/Posterior Column aka DC-medial lemniscus pathway or PC-medial lemniscus pathway
- Anterolateral Pathway aka Spinothalamic Tracts
- Trigeminothalamic Pathway
- Spinocerebellar tracts
- Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway (DCML):
- Carries sensory information related to fine touch, vibration, and proprioception
- Located between dorsal median sulcus and dorsal horn
- Second-order neurons decussate in the medulla and travel through the medial lemniscus in the brainstem to the thalamus
- Impulses are then forwarded to specific areas of the somatosensory cortex
- Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathway:
- Located lateral and ventral to the ventral horn
- Nerve impulses for pain, temperature, itch, tickle, crude touch, and pressure
- First-order neurons synapse in the dorsal horn
- Second-order neurons decussate almost immediately in the spinal cord and continue as lateral or anterior spinothalamic tracts
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Description
Test your knowledge of the spinal column, including the ligaments of the vertebral column, anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, and more. Review the key ligaments of the cervical spine and beyond.
