SPH 200 Unit 4: Social Determinants of Health

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?

Income and social status

Access to health services

Employment and working conditions

Climate change (correct)

What transition is mentioned as influential to health through life?

Traveling abroad

Changing jobs (correct)

Retirement planning

Buying a home

What is the implication of facing continued disadvantage according to the content?

Greater likelihood of ongoing health issues (correct)

Increased wealth accumulation

Enhanced social support networks

Improved health status over time

Which determinant influences health by providing social support?

Social supports and coping skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is likely to be a focus of good health policy?

Assisting disadvantaged populations Signup and view all the answers

What factor is associated with life expectancy disparities in England and Wales?

Occupational class Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key areas where Canada ranks among the highest in the world?

Health care spending per capita Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a determinant of health related to psychosocial elements?

Coping skills Signup and view all the answers

How does income impact health-related factors?

It shapes overall living conditions and lifestyle choices. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of income and social status is particularly crucial in countries with fewer services?

Guaranteed basic income. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is linked to better health outcomes in employment?

Having a job. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a work-related dimension that can shape health outcomes?

Physical conditions at work. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of imbalances between work demands and rewards?

Increased health problems. Signup and view all the answers

In which area does Canada rank highly as of 2017?

Education performance. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of working-age adults in Canada have completed higher education?

55% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that may deter effective self-expression in the workplace?

Job uncertainty. Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of higher education levels according to the content?

Higher income Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can negatively affect fetal development?

Nutritional deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

How does a universal health care system like Canada's primarily protect citizens?

By spreading the costs across society Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing healthy behaviors?

Workplace stress Signup and view all the answers

What significant issue exists despite the universal health care system in Canada?

Inequities in access to care Signup and view all the answers

Which childhood factor is associated with laying the foundations of adult health?

Supporting mothers and young children Signup and view all the answers

What does the Canada Health Act require from provincial governments?

To provide all necessary services universally Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of low income on healthcare access in Canada?

Decreased ability to see specialists when needed Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factor is part of the determinants of health?

Physical environments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors can impact health as stated in the content?

Eating habits Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key determinants include income and social status, employment, education, physical environments, social supports, genetics, gender, culture, and race.
Dahlgren and Whitehead's model (1991) illustrates interconnected determinants influencing health.
Transitions in life stages can affect health and socioeconomic advantage; such transitions include education, employment, family beginnings, and retirement.

Life Expectancy and Economic Factors

Life expectancy varies by occupational class; disadvantaged individuals are more likely to experience continued disadvantage.
Good health policy should support those with lower socio-economic status.
Canada ranks among the highest for health care spending per capita but highlights inefficiency when spending does not address root causes of illness.

Income distribution affects overall living conditions, diet quality, and physical activity levels.
Wealth inequality is growing in Canada, necessitating reforms in minimum wage and expansion of health benefits (prescriptions, dental, and vision care).

Employment and Working Conditions

Employment generally promotes better health compared to unemployment; however, workplace stress can negatively impact health.
Factors affecting health outcomes include job security, work conditions, stress levels, and opportunities for individual development.
In 1994, only 40% of Canadians reported significant autonomy in their work.

Education and Literacy

Canada consistently performs well in global education rankings; high levels of educational attainment correlate with increased income, job security, and upward mobility.
Higher education leads to better health outcomes through improved ability to manage personal health decisions.

Childhood Experiences

Early childhood experiences shape adult health; crucial factors include maternal support, environmental exposures, and prenatal health conditions.
Early nutrition, emotional support, and physical activity during pregnancy significantly influence fetal development.

Healthy Behaviours

Health behaviours such as nutrition, exercise, and substance use are influenced by early environment and social determinants.
Positive health behaviours are often promoted through public health campaigns aimed at community engagement.

Access to Health Services

Canada's universal health care system aims to provide equitable access, especially benefiting lower-income citizens.
The Canada Health Act mandates provinces to provide medically necessary services universally, though significant provincial variations exist.
Lower-income Canadians face barriers to care, reporting difficulties in accessing specialists and after-hours services.

Physical Environments

Physical conditions such as access to safe spaces for exercise, clean air, and housing quality directly impact health.

Genetic Endowment

Chronic diseases often arise from interactions between genetic predispositions and environmental factors, emphasizing the complexity of health determinants.

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Description

Explore the various social determinants of health that influence well-being in SPH 200. This quiz covers factors such as income, education, and physical environments among others. Test your understanding of how these elements contribute to overall health and access to services.