Social Determinants of Health in Canada
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary risk factor for adult-onset diabetes according to the information provided?

  • Regular participation in voting
  • High financial resources
  • Marginalization and exclusion from mainstream society (correct)
  • Access to quality housing

The infant mortality rate is lower in Indigenous communities compared to the general population.

False (B)

What percentage of the Canadian community do Indigenous people represent?

4.5%

Indigenous children represent _____% of all children in Canada, yet they make up 53% of children in foster care.

<p>7.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following issues with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>Forced sterilization = Still occurs today against Indigenous women Prevalence of chronic diseases = Higher in the Indigenous population Racial bias in medical care = Leads to lower quality of care for POC Underrepresentation of Indigenous physicians = Less than 1% of physicians in Canada are Indigenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Canadian families have access to a regulated child care setting?

<p>17% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

People living in the most deprived neighborhoods have lower death rates than those in the least deprived neighborhoods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Canadians are estimated to live below the poverty line?

<p>3.8 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

The highest life expectancy in Canada is found in ______.

<p>British Columbia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which province in Canada has the lowest life expectancy?

<p>Nunavut (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Men in the wealthiest neighborhoods live, on average, more than 4 years longer than men in the poorest neighborhoods.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statistics with their corresponding group:

<p>Homelessness = Up to 300,000 Primary care provider = 4 million Living below poverty line = 3.8 million Food insecure = 8.7 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do adverse childhood experiences have on health?

<p>They create a sense of inefficacy or learned helplessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of universal health care?

<p>To protect the health of citizens and spread health costs across society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medicare covers all drug costs for Canadian citizens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is less likely to fill a prescription among Canadians with below-average income?

<p>Canadians with below-average income</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bottom 33% of Canadian income earners are ____ less likely to see a specialist compared to the top 33%.

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the groups with their likelihood of facing social exclusion:

<p>Indigenous Canadians = Most likely to experience social exclusion Recent immigrants = Most likely to experience social exclusion People with disabilities = Most likely to experience social exclusion Women = Likely to experience social exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not affect access to health care for Canadians?

<p>Geographical location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Socially excluded Canadians typically have better access to health and social services.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two common issues that New Canadians face in practicing their profession?

<p>Regulations and credentialing procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Factors like where you live, work, and grow up that affect your health.

Homelessness in Canada

A growing problem in Canada, with an estimated 300,000 experiencing homelessness each year.

Lack of Primary Care

An estimated 4 million Canadians lack a family doctor.

Poverty and Food Insecurity

Millions of Canadians (3.8 million and 8.7 million, respectively) face poverty and food insecurity.

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Life Expectancy Variation

Life expectancy varies significantly across Canadian provinces, with urban areas generally having higher life expectancy than rural areas.

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Neighbourhood Inequality

Significant disparities in health and well-being exist between neighbourhoods, often influenced by income.

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Adverse Childhood Experiences

Early life experiences, including trauma, can negatively impact health outcomes.

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Limited Childcare Access

A significant percentage (17%) of Canadian families lack access to regulated childcare.

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Social Exclusion

Being cut off from opportunities and resources available to the majority of society. This can include lack of access to housing, finances, healthcare, and social participation.

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Social Exclusion & Health

Social exclusion has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, respiratory problems, and heart disease.

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Indigenous Health Disparities

Indigenous populations have higher rates of infant mortality, chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease, and face unique challenges in accessing healthcare.

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Racial Bias in Healthcare

Discrimination based on race can influence diagnosis, treatment, and access to healthcare, leading to lower quality care for people of color.

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Indigenous Representation in Healthcare

There is a significant underrepresentation of Indigenous people in the medical field, leading to a lack of culturally sensitive care.

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Universal Health Care

A system designed to ensure access to healthcare for all citizens, regardless of income, while distributing costs across society.

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Medicare Coverage

Canada's public health insurance program, covering 70% of healthcare costs, excluding drug costs and varying in home care coverage across provinces.

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Income Disparity Impact

Canadians with lower incomes are more likely to struggle with prescription access, wait longer for appointments, and have less access to specialists.

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Vulnerable Groups

Groups disproportionately affected by social exclusion, including Indigenous Canadians, people of color, new immigrants, women, people with disabilities, and LGBTQ+ individuals.

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Social Exclusion Consequences

Socially excluded individuals are more likely to face unemployment, lower wages, limited access to education, and healthcare services.

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Professional Recognition Barriers

New immigrants often face obstacles in practicing their professions due to regulations and credentialing procedures.

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Early Childhood Education Impact

Researchers believe a comprehensive early childhood education program could significantly improve Canadian health outcomes.

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Study Notes

Social Determinants of Health

  • Social determinants of health are the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age.
  • They also include systems put in place to support individuals.

Current Environment in Canada

  • Annually, up to 300,000 people experience homelessness, a number that is rising.
  • 4 million Canadians lack a primary care provider (family doctor).
  • 3.8 million Canadians live below the poverty line.
  • 8.7 million Canadians are food insecure.

Impact of Social Determinants of Health

  • Socioeconomic factors affect an individual's health regardless of age, race, or ethnicity.
  • 40% of health outcomes are linked to socioeconomic factors (education, job status, family/social support, income, community safety).
  • 30% of health outcomes are linked to Physical Environment factors (Tobacco use, Diet & Exercise, Alcohol Use, Sexual Activity).
  • 10% of health outcomes are linked to Health care factors (Access to Care, Quality of care).
  • 20% of health and well-being is related to access to care and quality of services.
  • 80% of health outcomes are influenced by physical environment, social determinants, and behavioral factors.

Impact of Social Determinants of Health (Detailed Breakdown)

  • Economic Stability: Includes employment, income, expenses, debt, medical bills, and support.

  • Neighborhood & Physical Environment: Covers housing, transportation, safety, parks, playgrounds, and walkability.

  • Education: Includes factors such as literacy, language, higher education, vocational training, and early childhood education.

  • Food: Relates to hunger and access to healthy options.

  • Community & Social Context: Covers aspects like social integration, community engagement, support systems, and discrimination.

  • Health Care Systems: Includes health coverage, provider availability, provider linguistic & cultural competency, and quality of care.

  • Health Outcomes: Mortality, Life expectancy, Health Care Expenditures, Health Status, Functional Limitations.

Specific Social Determinants

  • Housing: Essential for health and well-being.
  • Food: Important for nutritional health.
  • Education: Contributes to better health outcomes.
  • Transportation: Affects access to essential services.
  • Violence: Leads to decreased well-being.
  • Social Support: Promotes overall health.
  • Employment: Impacts financial stability, affecting health.
  • Health Behaviors: Influence health choices and outcomes(Tobacco use, Diet & Exercise, Alcohol Use, Sexual Activity)..

Place Matters (Life Expectancy)

  • Quebec had the highest life expectancy in 2020-2022 (82.5-82.99). Currently, British Columbia is at 83-85.
  • Nunavut had the lowest life expectancy (under 75).
  • New Brunswick was around 80.0-80.49.

Income Statistics

  • Vancouver's neighborhoods significantly influence life expectancy (up to 9 years).
  • Urban areas have higher life expectancies than rural areas.
  • Wealthiest 20% of Canadians live 4 years longer.
  • Most deprived neighborhoods experience 28% higher death rates.
  • Suicide rates are double in the poorest neighbourhoods.

Other Important Aspects

  • Youth readmission rates vary across health zones in New Brunswick.
  • Hospital death rates following major surgery differ by region in Canada (2022-2023 data).
  • Avoidable deaths from preventable causes differ by health zone in New Brunswick (2019–2021 data).
  • Prevalence of household food insecurity varies across Canadian provinces (2022).
  • Early childhood development is significantly affected by social determinants, and low birth weights in disadvantaged areas are more susceptible to health issues.
  • Universal health care aims to protect citizens' health and spread costs across society.
  • Medicare covers 70% of healthcare costs, with the remainder handled by private insurance and out-of-pocket expenses.
  • Drug costs and home care aren't always covered under Medicare.
  • Access to specialists and healthcare on weekends/evenings is impacted by income.
  • Social exclusion affects diverse groups, including Indigenous Canadians, visible minorities, recent immigrants, women, people with disabilities, and LGBTQ+ communities. This includes issues with housing, financial resources, and social networks.

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Social Determinants of Health in Canada PDF

Description

This quiz explores the social determinants of health and their impact on the Canadian population. It highlights how factors such as socioeconomic status, living conditions, and healthcare access influence overall health outcomes. Test your understanding of the challenges faced by Canadians regarding health and wellbeing.

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