SPH 200 Unit 4 Health Determinants Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors is NOT directly influenced by income?

Access to healthcare

Physical activity levels

Quality of diet

Political affiliations (correct)

What is the main message the text conveys regarding the relationship between employment and health?

Having a job is generally better for health than being unemployed, but work stress can negatively impact health. (correct)

Work stress is always detrimental to health, even in secure and stimulating jobs.

The impact of employment on health is insignificant compared to other factors like income and social status.

Employment is always beneficial for health, regardless of work conditions.

What is a potential consequence of imbalances between work demands and rewards?

Health problems and decreased well-being. (correct)

Increased job satisfaction and a sense of purpose.

Higher income and social status.

Improved physical and mental health.

Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as a work-related dimension shaping health outcomes in Canada?

Work-life balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current state of education in Canada compared to other developed countries?

Canada performs very well internationally in education, particularly in science, math, and reading. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is NOT supported by the text as a crucial component of addressing wealth inequality in Canada?

Focusing solely on improving education outcomes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What key factor is identified as a DOH magnified when fewer social services are provided as a matter of right?

Income (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a social service that is often provided to citizens as a right in developed countries?

Access to social media (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary argument presented in the slide titled "Occupational class and life expectancy in England and Wales, 1997-1999"?

Transitions throughout life can influence health outcomes and lead to disadvantage. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information presented, what is a potential limitation of focusing solely on health care spending as a percentage of GDP to assess health outcomes?

It does not consider the influence of social determinants on health. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, which of these is NOT directly mentioned as a determinant of health?

Access to transportation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between income distribution and health outcomes based on the presented information?

Higher income inequality tends to be associated with poorer health outcomes for the disadvantaged. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message conveyed by the slide titled "DOH and pathways to health and illness"?

Health outcomes are influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including social, economic, and environmental determinants. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key takeaway from the information presented about life expectancy based on neighborhood in Canada?

Neighborhoods with higher levels of poverty tend to have lower life expectancies. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary message conveyed by the slide titled "The (social) determinants of health"?

Social, economic, and environmental factors play a significant role in influencing health outcomes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the main implication of the statement "What is the good when that spending helps someone return to the conditions that made them ill in the first place?"?

Addressing social determinants of health is crucial for improving overall health outcomes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT directly mentioned as contributing to the foundations of adult health laid out in early childhood?

Access to health services (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these aspects is NOT a determinant of health that influences healthy behavior?

Genetic endowment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of health promotion campaigns?

To advance healthy behaviors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Canada Health Act (1984) for provincial public health-care plans?

Coverage for dental and vision care (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the universal health care system in Canada protect citizens with lower incomes?

It guarantees access to health services regardless of income. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between the lowest 33% of Canadian earners and the rest of the population in terms of access to health services?

They are 50% less likely to see a specialist when needed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the physical environment that influences health, as outlined in the provided content?

Social relationships (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor that contributes to the development of chronic diseases?

The combination of genetic factors and environmental influences (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea about childhood experiences and their impact on health, as presented in the text?

Early childhood experiences are crucial for future health, even before birth. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the Canadian healthcare system and other healthcare systems?

It is a single payer system. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SPH 200 Unit 4 Modules 1-5

Determinants of Health: Modules 1 through 5 explore various factors impacting health.
Social Determinants of Health (Social): Income, employment, education, childhood experiences, physical environments, social support/coping skills, healthy behaviours, access to health services, biology, gender, culture, and race/racism are crucial determinants of health.
General Socio-economic, cultural, and environmental conditions: Living and working conditions, unemployment, social and community networks, water and sanitation, healthcare services, agriculture and food production, age, sex, and hereditary factors, and housing significantly affect health outcomes.
Pathways to Health and Illness: Social structure, social environment (early life, genes, culture), health behaviours, psychological factors, physiological changes (brain, neuro-endocrine and immune response), organ impairment, well-being, morbidity, and mortality comprise pathways to health and illness.
Occupational Class and Life Expectancy (England/Wales 1997-1999): Numerous life transitions (early childhood, education, starting work, family, changing jobs, skill phase-outs, retirement) can influence health, positively or negatively, affecting life expectancy depending on occupational class. This study highlights the impact of socioeconomic status on health trajectories.
Life Expectancy Based on Neighbourhood (Canada): Significant variations in life expectancy exist based on neighbourhoods in Canada. Poorer neighbourhoods consistently show lower life expectancies compared to wealthier ones.
Health Care Spending (OECD): Canada is a high health care spender in the world, (detailed data is available for 2018).
Income and Social Status, Module 2: The distribution of income across populations and its relationship with life expectancy globally (including Canada) is investigated. A strong correlation between the two exists.
Income Importance as a DOH: Income deeply influences overall living conditions, quality of diet, extent of physical activity, and tobacco use. Fewer services and benefits associated with lower income further magnifies this impact.
Wealth Inequality in Canada (20XX): Income inequality in Canada is increasing, posing challenges for health. Examples include difficulty in securing minimum wage, expanding health benefits, access to dental and eye care.
Employment and Working Conditions: Employment is strongly linked to income and social status. Stress from work, limited opportunities to use skills, low decision-making capacity, and job uncertainty are key factors influencing health. Self-reported job control factors and their relationship to heart disease risks in men and women are investigated. Canadian employment, physical work conditions, stress, work hours, expression/development, and work/reward imbalances are assessed.
Education and Literacy: Canada has high levels of education, performing in the top 10 internationally in areas like math, science, and reading. Higher education correlates with higher income. Job security and upward mobility are also connected to education, while literacy enhances self-directed health promotion.
Childhood Experiences: Early childhood and prenatal factors play substantial roles in shaping adult health: supporting mothers and young children, environmental exposures, emotional support, intellectual stimulation, and pregnancy experiences (nutrition, smoking, drug/alcohol misuse, exercise). Barker (1998) provides valuable context. Link between birth weight and later health is key.
Healthy Behaviours: Eating habits, exercise, tobacco/alcohol use, and violence significantly impact health. These behaviours are influenced by other DOH, such as income, social inclusion, employment.
Access to Health Services: A universal health care system (like Canada's) spreads costs and protects health, particularly for those with lower incomes. The Canada Health Act (1984) establishes requirements impacting health care systems. Variation in included services exists, as do inequities in access. (eg. specialist access, weekends/evenings, and wait times).
Physical Environments: Physical environments significantly affect health, encompassing a range of factors, encompassing social ecology models, and the factors of air, sanitation, shelter, food, water, space, and energy, impacting the health of individuals and communities.
Genetic Endowment: Complex diseases are thought to stem from interactions between genetic makeup and environmental exposure to agents like micro-organisms, chemicals, metals, ionizing radiation. This highlights the dynamic interplay between inherited traits and external factors.
Culture, Gender, Race & Racism: Culture, gender, race/racism, and social support influence health outcomes. Toronto's COVID-19 division provides a concrete example and shows different neighborhoods experience different burdens of disease.
Health Inequalities in Canada: Significant health inequalities in Canada are observed for various groups; including those in socio-economic disadvantage, Indigenous peoples, sexual and racial minorities, immigrants, and people with functional limitations. This includes factors like income, education, employment, and housing, with strong relationships occurring. Research highlights a strong correlation between socio-economic status and other indicators of health outcomes. Specific examples include infant mortality, diabetes prevalence, and disparities in COVID-19 outcomes across Toronto neighbourhoods.

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Description

This quiz covers Units 1-5 of SPH 200, focusing on the determinants of health including social, economic, and environmental factors. It explores pathways to health and illness, emphasizing how various elements, like income and education, significantly impact health outcomes. Test your understanding of these critical topics in public health.