32 Questions
What is a key factor in determining the intelligibility of an utterance?
Consistency of errors in the speech
What is the purpose of the Oral Motor Examination?
To determine if oral motor structure and function are adequate for speech sound production
What is a phonological disorder characterized by?
Lack of phonemic contrasts
What is the significance of phonological contrasts in speech production?
They indicate a difference in meaning
What is the goal of phonological process analysis?
To identify phonological processes in a child's speech
What is an example of a syllable structure process?
Final consonant deletion
What is the significance of minimal pairs in phonological assessment?
They test phonological contrasts
What is the clinical implication of phonological processes in speech production?
It has a huge impact on present day evaluation and treatment of phonological disorders
What is the purpose of a speech sound inventory?
To determine what sounds a client produces and in what contexts
What is a characteristic of consistent errors in speech production?
They occur consistently in all productions
What is the primary purpose of articulation and phonological evaluation?
To describe articulatory or phonological development and determine if an individual's speech deviates from typical expectations
What is stimulability in the context of speech sound disorders?
A client's ability to produce a correct or improved production of an errored sound after receiving specific instructions
What is the importance of viewing age ranges of consonant development?
To provide important information about developmental variations
What is the purpose of collecting a sound inventory in a speech sound disorder assessment?
To describe the nature of the speech sound disorder and identify areas of strength and weakness
What is the main difference between a standardized test and an informal assessment in a speech sound disorder assessment?
A standardized test is more reliable and valid than an informal assessment
What is the purpose of the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA)?
To identify articulation errors
What is the importance of considering the consistency of errors between a speech sample and an articulation test?
To determine the severity of a speech sound disorder
What is the purpose of obtaining an intelligibility rating in a speech sound disorder assessment?
To determine the impact of the speech sound disorder on communication
What is the importance of considering the client's ability to repeat a sound after hearing it in a speech sound disorder assessment?
To determine the client's ability to learn new sounds
What is the main goal of assessment in speech sound disorders?
To render a diagnosis, fully describe the nature of the problem, and determine the need for services
Vocabulary knowledge involves only citing the definition of a word.
False
Crystallized intelligence involves innate abilities and talents.
False
Poor phonemic awareness is a characteristic of reading disability behaviors.
True
A restricted vocabulary is a reading risk factor in preschool children.
True
Assessing individual aspects of language can provide a holistic impression of an individual's functional communication skills.
False
Vocabulary knowledge is negatively associated with social success.
False
A language assessment that solely focuses on individual aspects of language can provide an accurate picture of an individual’s functional communication skills.
False
Differential diagnosis is a process of identifying the cause of a problem, but it does not involve a systematic process of distinguishing one diagnosis from another.
False
A language disordered individual typically exhibits frequent deletion of initial and final consonants and numerous vowel errors.
True
The PPVT-5 is an instrument that assesses expressive vocabulary and word retrieval of children and adults.
False
A late talker typically exhibits limited and simplified syllable structures and frequent deletion of initial and final consonants.
False
The EVT-3 and the PPVT-5 are both individually administered, norm-referenced instruments that can be completed in 30 minutes or more.
False
Study Notes
Factors Affecting Intelligibility
- The phonemic inventory of one language can affect another language
- Predictability and consistency of errors affect intelligibility
- Utterance understanding is influenced by subjective measurement, type and number of errors, and consistency of errors
Measuring Intelligibility
- Collect a speech sample and calculate a percentage of words understood
- Use an established index of intelligibility, such as Fudala & Reynolds (2000)
- Intelligibility levels:
- Level 6: sound errors occasionally noticed in speech
- Level 5: speech is intelligible, noticeable errors
- Level 4: speech is intelligible, with careful listening
- Level 3: speech intelligibility is difficult
- Level 2: speech is usually unintelligible
- Level 1: speech is unintelligible
Oral Motor Examination
- Purpose: determine if oral motor structure and function are adequate for speech sound production
- Examination includes:
- Head and facial structures
- Breathing
- Oral and pharyngeal cavities
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Hard palate
- Soft palate
Obtaining a Diagnosis
- Collect and analyze data
- Look at:
- Inventory of speech sounds
- Syllable shapes
- Phonological contrasts
- Phonological patterns
Speech Sound Inventory
- What sounds does the client produce?
- In what contexts?
- Do inconsistencies exist?
- Where do normal and abnormal productions occur within the word?
- Initial, medial, final
- Prevocalic, intervocalic, postvocalic
Syllable Shapes
- What syllable shapes do they produce?
- What syllable shapes are they unable to produce?
- Do they produce:
- One syllable?
- Two syllables?
- Open syllables?
- Closed syllables?
Phonetic or Phonemic Disorder
- Differentiate between phonetic and phonemic disorders
- A child can show both
- Consistent errors = same production (substitution, deletion, distortion) in all productions
- Inconsistent errors = substitution or deletion that only occur in certain contexts
Phonological Assessment
- Use a phonological assessment, such as KLPA
- Test using minimal pairs (containing errors and substitutions)
Phonological Processes
- Three categories of phonological processes:
- Syllable structure processes
- Substitution processes
- Assimilatory processes
- Can a child demonstrate more than one process in one word? Yes
Assessment of Speech Sound Disorders
- Identification of phonological processes
- Tally number of times child uses this process
- Target specific processes in treatment
Formal Assessment
- Standardized tests for articulation errors:
- Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA)
- Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale (Arizona)
- Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP)
- Standardized tests for phonological errors:
- Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis (KLPA)
- Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology (CAAP)
- Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns (HAPP)
- Bankson-Bernthal Test of Phonology (BTOP)
Informal Assessment
- Structured:
- Reading passages
- Picture/object description
- Story re-tell
- Spontaneous:
- Conversation
- Story generation
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
