Modules 5 and 6: Assessment of Speech Sound Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is a key factor in determining the intelligibility of an utterance?

  • Consistency of errors in the speech (correct)
  • Frequency of speech production
  • Number of speech sounds in the inventory
  • Type of errors in the speech

    • What is the purpose of the Oral Motor Examination?

  • To determine the phonological inventory of a language
  • To evaluate the speech sounds of a language
  • To determine if oral motor structure and function are adequate for speech sound production (correct)
  • To assess the cognitive abilities of a speaker

    • What is a phonological disorder characterized by?

  • Lack of phonemic contrasts (correct)
  • Inconsistent errors in speech production
  • Preservation of phonemic contrasts
  • Consistent errors in speech production

    • What is the significance of phonological contrasts in speech production?

    <p>They indicate a difference in meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of phonological process analysis?

    <p>To identify phonological processes in a child's speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a syllable structure process?

    <p>Final consonant deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of minimal pairs in phonological assessment?

    <p>They test phonological contrasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical implication of phonological processes in speech production?

    <p>It has a huge impact on present day evaluation and treatment of phonological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a speech sound inventory?

    <p>To determine what sounds a client produces and in what contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of consistent errors in speech production?

    <p>They occur consistently in all productions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of articulation and phonological evaluation?

    <p>To describe articulatory or phonological development and determine if an individual's speech deviates from typical expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stimulability in the context of speech sound disorders?

    <p>A client's ability to produce a correct or improved production of an errored sound after receiving specific instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of viewing age ranges of consonant development?

    <p>To provide important information about developmental variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of collecting a sound inventory in a speech sound disorder assessment?

    <p>To describe the nature of the speech sound disorder and identify areas of strength and weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a standardized test and an informal assessment in a speech sound disorder assessment?

    <p>A standardized test is more reliable and valid than an informal assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA)?

    <p>To identify articulation errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of considering the consistency of errors between a speech sample and an articulation test?

    <p>To determine the severity of a speech sound disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of obtaining an intelligibility rating in a speech sound disorder assessment?

    <p>To determine the impact of the speech sound disorder on communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of considering the client's ability to repeat a sound after hearing it in a speech sound disorder assessment?

    <p>To determine the client's ability to learn new sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of assessment in speech sound disorders?

    <p>To render a diagnosis, fully describe the nature of the problem, and determine the need for services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vocabulary knowledge involves only citing the definition of a word.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crystallized intelligence involves innate abilities and talents.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Poor phonemic awareness is a characteristic of reading disability behaviors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A restricted vocabulary is a reading risk factor in preschool children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assessing individual aspects of language can provide a holistic impression of an individual's functional communication skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vocabulary knowledge is negatively associated with social success.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A language assessment that solely focuses on individual aspects of language can provide an accurate picture of an individual’s functional communication skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differential diagnosis is a process of identifying the cause of a problem, but it does not involve a systematic process of distinguishing one diagnosis from another.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A language disordered individual typically exhibits frequent deletion of initial and final consonants and numerous vowel errors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The PPVT-5 is an instrument that assesses expressive vocabulary and word retrieval of children and adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A late talker typically exhibits limited and simplified syllable structures and frequent deletion of initial and final consonants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The EVT-3 and the PPVT-5 are both individually administered, norm-referenced instruments that can be completed in 30 minutes or more.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Factors Affecting Intelligibility

    • The phonemic inventory of one language can affect another language
    • Predictability and consistency of errors affect intelligibility
    • Utterance understanding is influenced by subjective measurement, type and number of errors, and consistency of errors

    Measuring Intelligibility

    • Collect a speech sample and calculate a percentage of words understood
    • Use an established index of intelligibility, such as Fudala & Reynolds (2000)
    • Intelligibility levels:
      • Level 6: sound errors occasionally noticed in speech
      • Level 5: speech is intelligible, noticeable errors
      • Level 4: speech is intelligible, with careful listening
      • Level 3: speech intelligibility is difficult
      • Level 2: speech is usually unintelligible
      • Level 1: speech is unintelligible

    Oral Motor Examination

    • Purpose: determine if oral motor structure and function are adequate for speech sound production
    • Examination includes:
      • Head and facial structures
      • Breathing
      • Oral and pharyngeal cavities
      • Teeth
      • Tongue
      • Hard palate
      • Soft palate

    Obtaining a Diagnosis

    • Collect and analyze data
    • Look at:
      • Inventory of speech sounds
      • Syllable shapes
      • Phonological contrasts
      • Phonological patterns

    Speech Sound Inventory

    • What sounds does the client produce?
    • In what contexts?
    • Do inconsistencies exist?
    • Where do normal and abnormal productions occur within the word?
      • Initial, medial, final
      • Prevocalic, intervocalic, postvocalic

    Syllable Shapes

    • What syllable shapes do they produce?
    • What syllable shapes are they unable to produce?
    • Do they produce:
      • One syllable?
      • Two syllables?
      • Open syllables?
      • Closed syllables?

    Phonetic or Phonemic Disorder

    • Differentiate between phonetic and phonemic disorders
    • A child can show both
    • Consistent errors = same production (substitution, deletion, distortion) in all productions
    • Inconsistent errors = substitution or deletion that only occur in certain contexts

    Phonological Assessment

    • Use a phonological assessment, such as KLPA
    • Test using minimal pairs (containing errors and substitutions)

    Phonological Processes

    • Three categories of phonological processes:
      1. Syllable structure processes
      2. Substitution processes
      3. Assimilatory processes
    • Can a child demonstrate more than one process in one word? Yes

    Assessment of Speech Sound Disorders

    • Identification of phonological processes
    • Tally number of times child uses this process
    • Target specific processes in treatment

    Formal Assessment

    • Standardized tests for articulation errors:
      • Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA)
      • Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale (Arizona)
      • Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology (DEAP)
    • Standardized tests for phonological errors:
      • Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis (KLPA)
      • Clinical Assessment of Articulation and Phonology (CAAP)
      • Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns (HAPP)
      • Bankson-Bernthal Test of Phonology (BTOP)

    Informal Assessment

    • Structured:
      • Reading passages
      • Picture/object description
      • Story re-tell
    • Spontaneous:
      • Conversation
      • Story generation

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