SLP 522: Therapy for Phonemic Speech Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of articulation therapy?

Targeting multiple sounds simultaneously

Beginning interventions at the word level

Targeting one sound at a time in isolation (correct)

Emphasizing phonemic function

Which therapy begins with the word level and targets multiple sounds?

Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy

Phonological Therapy (correct)

Articulation Therapy

Discrimination Therapy

What is the strategy called that involves using pairs of words differing by one phoneme?

Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy (correct)

Articulation Therapy

Phonemic Contrast Therapy

Sound Substitution Therapy

When selecting minimal pairs, which of the following is NOT considered?

Complexity of both sounds in the pair Signup and view all the answers

What assumption is made during treatment by targeting groups or classes of sounds?

Generalization will occur to other sounds or sound classes Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the child’s phonological system in therapy?

Syllable shapes and phonemic contrasts used Signup and view all the answers

In Minimal Opposition Contrast Therapy, how are the sounds selected?

They should have many articulation similarities and differ by one or two characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What step is generally included in therapy protocols for phonological disorders?

Discrimination, imitation, and spontaneous production are included Signup and view all the answers

What does the phoneme represent in the context of phonological therapy?

A basic unit differentiating between word meanings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques can be used to assist a child with both vocabulary skills and a phonological disorder?

Incorporating play therapy with vocabulary targets Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is recommended for expanding a child's consonant inventory during therapy?

Utilizing new words that include sounds from the child’s existing consonant inventory Signup and view all the answers

When targeting vowel errors in therapy, what should be done when presenting minimal pairs?

Pair one known vowel with another unknown vowel Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the approach of Whole Language Intervention?

Therapy occurs primarily through conversational interactions and narratives. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor to consider when developing a lexicon for a child labeled as a late talker?

The child’s consonant inventory and their syllable shapes. Signup and view all the answers

What should be the focus when selecting new words for therapy related to phonemic-based disorders?

Focusing on words with sounds the child is already able to produce. Signup and view all the answers

In treating vowel errors with a large vowel inventory and frequency of substitutions, what should be done?

Choose a vowel with high inconsistent use for practice. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important component to incorporate into therapy for children with phonological disorders?

Storytelling that allows the child to interact and contribute. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Maximal Oppositions Approach?

To target sounds that are maximally different from one another Signup and view all the answers

When is the Complexity Approach typically used?

For children aged 4 or older with multiple sounds in error Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Multiple Oppositions Approach?

Collapses several sounds into one phoneme Signup and view all the answers

In the Cycles Training approach, what is unique about how patterns are targeted?

They are remediated successively over time with no predetermined level of mastery Signup and view all the answers

What does Metaphon Therapy primarily aim to develop?

Metalinguistic awareness in children Signup and view all the answers

What criterion is typically NOT used in selecting target sounds within the Maximal Oppositions Approach?

Frequency of occurrence in everyday speech Signup and view all the answers

What type of sounds does the Complexity Approach tend to focus on?

Marked sounds differing in place, manner, or voicing Signup and view all the answers

How many sounds need to be missing for the Maximal Oppositions Approach to be considered appropriate?

At least 6 sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary phase in the Maximal Oppositions Approach focused on achieving?

Producing word pairs with 90% accuracy Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy would likely incorporate minimal pairs to address phonological processes?

Phonological Process Therapy Signup and view all the answers

For which type of children is Cycles Training typically utilized?

Children with highly unintelligible speech Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'markedness' refer to in selecting target sounds for the Complexity Approach?

Sounds that are more complex or less frequent Signup and view all the answers

What age group does Metaphon Therapy mainly target?

Preschool children Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of Phase I in Metaphon Therapy?

Developing phonological awareness and interest in sounds Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

SLP 522: Therapy for Phonemic-Based Speech Sound Disorders

Comparison of Therapies:
- Articulation Therapy: Focuses on speech form, starting with sounds in isolation, targeting one sound at a time.
- Phonological Therapy: Focuses on phonemic function, begins with word level, and targets multiple sounds simultaneously. There is a dynamic interaction between form (speech sounds) and function (phonemes) that is nearly impossible to separate in therapy.
Principles Underlying Approaches:
- Groups of sounds with similar patterns are targeted.
- Phonological contrasts that were neutralized are established.
- A naturalistic communicative context is emphasized.
Principles Underlying Treatment:
- Phonemes are basic units differentiating word meanings.
- Intervention starts at the word level.
- Phonemes are arranged contrastively.
- Treatment focuses on the child's phonological system, including knowledge of inventory, syllable shapes, and phonemic contrasts. Error patterns are displayed and analyzed.
Minimal Pair Contrast Therapy:
- One sound from a class is contrasted.
- Establishing contrasts can generalize to other sounds in related classes (stops, fricatives).
- Using minimal pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme.
- Targets one sound within a group or class to promote generalizations.
Minimal Opposition Contrast Therapy:
- Minimal pairs are used to begin the therapy.
- Sounds are chosen with many articulation similarities (place, manner, voicing).
- Phonemic contrasts are established through phonetic analysis, focusing on form and function.
- Effective for children with consistent phonological speech errors.
- Selecting the target sounds considers place, manner, and voicing differences, choosing those with the fewest distinctions between sounds. Takes into consideration the child's age and developmental level.
Maximal Oppositions Approach:
- Targets sounds which are significantly different
- Targets sounds with little to no previous phonological knowledge, generalizing the learning to other sounds related in the sound system.
- Effective for moderate to severe phonological disorders or when multiple sound errors are missing from the child's inventory.
Complexity Approach:
- More complex linguistic input promotes phonological system growth.
- Focuses on "what" is targeted, opposed to "how" it is targeted.
- Two sounds that differ in terms of place, manner, and voicing are selected for targeting. Markedness, stimulability, and the use of nonwords are important considerations.
- Effective for children with multiple sound errors across various categories, including those with moderate to severe phonological impairments.
Multiple Oppositions Approach:
- Several sounds are collapsed into one phoneme.
- Treatment focuses on contrasting sounds using minimal pairs.
Treatment of Vowel Errors:
- Vowel inventories are extremely limited—this is similar to the babbling period.
- Therapy includes teaching existing and new vowels using minimal pairs with existing vowel sounds. More unfamiliar vowel sounds should have noticeably different productions to avoid confusion.
- Choose vowel sounds with high inconsistent use to target for improved production.

Additional Points

Cycles training: A therapy approach in which specific phonological patterns are remediated and trained sequentially over specific time periods.
There is a focus on metaphonological skills to enhance a child's ability to think about language.
Whole Language Intervention: Therapy that occurs in conversational interactions and story contexts including cues, cloze sentences, rebus stories, and storytelling.
Phonemic and Language Problems (for preschoolers): Phonological and other language areas may be impacted when a child has significant issues due to the interdependence of the speech (phonological) domains within language.

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Description

Explore various therapeutic approaches for phonemic-based speech sound disorders in SLP 522. This quiz compares articulation therapy and phonological therapy, highlighting their principles and treatment strategies. Understand the significance of phonemes and their function in speech therapy.