Speech Production Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the epiglottis?

  • To protect the windpipe while swallowing (correct)
  • To produce sound during phonation
  • To connect the larynx to the lungs
  • To regulate breathing through the trachea

What could cause a coughing fit while eating or drinking?

  • Increased pressure in the lungs
  • The trachea becoming blocked
  • The epiglottis failing to close quickly enough (correct)
  • Excessive vibration of the larynx

What is another name for the 'Adam's apple'?

  • Tracheal cartilage
  • Epiglottis
  • Vocal cord
  • Laryngeal prominence (correct)

Which structure connects the larynx to the lungs?

<p>Trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The larynx is primarily responsible for which of the following?

<p>Changing the pitch of sound produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the chest muscles in speech production?

<p>To generate the airflow needed for speech (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vocal tract is specifically involved in modifying airflow during speech?

<p>Larynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of the different parts of the vocal tract?

<p>Articulatory phonetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of speech production does the air pass through the vocal folds?

<p>Phonation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the space between the vocal folds?

<p>Glottis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the vocal folds during a closed glottis?

<p>They come together to prevent airflow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which speech sound can be replaced by a glottal stop in certain accents?

<p>/t/ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in the production of speech?

<p>Initiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the vocal folds are brought together in a way that leaves a narrow space for air to pass?

<p>The vocal folds vibrate and produce sound waves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the airflow during speech compared to quiet breathing?

<p>More air is exhaled during speech, and the rhythm of breaths changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lips when producing the sound /p/?

<p>They come together and create a closure before releasing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the diaphragm during breathing is accurate?

<p>It lowers and flattens during contraction which increases chest cavity size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of breaths per unit of time change during speech compared to quiet breathing?

<p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the airflow in quiet breathing compared to speech?

<p>Airflow during speech is completely unrestricted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic purpose of the breathing mechanism during both quiet breathing and speech?

<p>Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When producing consonant sounds in English, the flow of air must interact with which of the following?

<p>Various articulators in the mouth and throat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the external intercostal muscles play in breathing?

<p>They contract to expand the chest cavity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lungs when the chest cavity expands?

<p>The lungs expand due to elasticity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During speech, what is the role of diaphragm and rib cage muscles?

<p>They actively restrain the lungs from emptying too rapidly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the larynx?

<p>It serves as a voice box and aids in breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are vocal cords involved in speech production?

<p>They vibrate due to rapid airflow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the glottis within the larynx?

<p>It regulates airflow resistance for producing sound. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is primarily responsible for adjusting the tension of vocal cords?

<p>Muscles surrounding the vocal cords. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the rib cage movement during inhalation?

<p>The rib cage lifts up and swings out. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Larynx Vibration

The vocal cords vibrating to produce sound during speech, also known as phonation.

Phonation Process

The process of producing voice sounds using the vocal folds.

Narrow Glottis

Vocal folds brought close together, leaving only a small opening for air.

Articulation Process

Process of shaping airflow to produce different speech sounds using articulators.

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Articulators

Parts of the mouth and throat used to shape the airflow for different sounds.

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Speech Breathing

Different breathing pattern during speech than quiet breathing.

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Diaphragm (Breathing)

Muscle crucial for expanding the chest cavity, increasing lung size during breathing and speech.

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Speech Airflow Resistance

Obstructions in throat and mouth during speech which create resistance to airflow.

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Increased Exhalation in Speech

Greater amount of air expelled during speech compared to quiet breathing.

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Speech Production

The process of making sounds when speaking, involving muscle contractions and air flow through the vocal tract.

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Vocal Tract

The pathway from the larynx to the mouth and nose, including the oral and nasal cavities.

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Articulators

The parts of the vocal tract that can change shape to produce speech sounds (e.g., tongue, lips).

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Articulatory Phonetics

The study of how speech sounds are produced by the articulators.

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Pulmonic Egressive

The air stream used in speech, which moves out of the lungs.

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Phonation

The process of producing vocal sounds by vibrating the vocal folds.

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Vocal Folds

Muscles in the larynx responsible for creating vocal sounds.

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Glottal Stop

A sound created by completely closing the vocal folds, briefly stopping the airflow.

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Epiglottis Function

A flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the windpipe (trachea) during swallowing.

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Larynx Location

A part of the throat, partially visible.

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Trachea

The tube that connects the larynx to the lungs (your windpipe).

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Pitch Perception

The perceived highness or lowness of a sound, determined by the frequency of the vocal cord vibrations.

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Rib cage expansion

The outward movement of the rib cage, increasing chest cavity size during inhalation.

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External Intercostals

Muscles between the ribs that contract to expand the rib cage.

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Inhalation

The process of drawing air into the lungs.

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Larynx

The voice box; a structure that controls airflow and produces sound for speech.

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Vocal Cords

Muscular bands in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound.

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Speech Production

The process of producing sounds for communication using the larynx and vocal chords.

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Breathing (Inhalation) Mechanics

Involves contraction of the external intercostals, expanding the rib-cage.

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Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords.

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Study Notes

Speech Production

  • Speech sounds result from contracting muscles.
  • Breathing muscles create airflow, essential for most speech sounds.
  • Larynx muscles modify airflow.
  • Vocal tract (oral and nasal cavities) modifies further airflow.
  • Articulators are parts of the vocal tract.
  • Articulatory phonetics studies these parts.

Stages of Speech Production

  • Initiation: Initial stage
  • Phonation: Sound production within the larynx
  • Oral-nasal Process: Airflow through oral/nasal passages
  • Articulation: Modification by articulators

The Initiation Process

  • All speech requires pulmonic (lung) air directed outward through the trachea.

The Phonation Process

  • Air passes through larynx containing vocal folds.
  • Glottis: The space between the vocal folds.
  • Phonation occurs when vocal folds vibrate.

The Phonation Process (Closed Glottis)

  • Vocal folds brought together, no air passes through.
  • Glottal stop sound results.
  • Can replace /t/ in some accents (e.g., football).

The Phonation Process (Narrow Glottis)

  • Vocal folds together, narrow opening.
  • Airflow vibrates vocal folds.
  • Voiced sounds result.

The Articulation Process

  • Airflow modified in cavities.
  • Articulators modify airflow to produce consonants (e.g., /p/, /m/).
  • Airflow through nasal cavity for /m/.

Airflow during Speech

  • Significantly more exhaled air during speech compared to quiet breathing.
  • Breathing rhythm drastically changes.
  • Fewer breaths per unit of time during speech.
  • Flow encounters resistance from articulators during speech.
  • Breathing (gas exchange) continues comfortably.

Expanding the Lungs during Breathing and Speech

  • Diaphragm: Contraction lowers and flattens, increasing chest cavity size.
  • Rib Muscles (External Intercostals): Contract, causing ribs to lift and expand chest cavity.

The Larynx (Voice Box)

  • Important for breathing, speaking, swallowing.
  • Made of bone, cartilage, located in the throat's center.
  • Contains glottis.
  • Air flow encounters controlled resistance (vocal folds).

Structures of the larynx

  • Epiglottis: Flap of cartilage, protects windpipe during swallowing.
  • Trachea: Tube connecting larynx to lungs (windpipe).

Larynx & Vocal Tract Functionality

  • Larynx has a prominent part, the Adam's apple, visible externally.
  • Laryngeal tissues perform different functions in speech.
  • Vocal folds are key for voice production (vibration/pitch).

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