Speech Disorders Quiz

Overview of Speech Disorders and Stuttering

• Disfluencies can be typical or atypical, with tension or without tension.

• Stuttering is defined as abnormally high frequency and/or duration of disfluencies.

• Primary behaviors of stuttering include repetitions, prolongations, and blocks, while secondary behaviors include escape and avoidance behaviors.

• Warning signs of stuttering in children include prolongations, multiple part-word repetitions, and struggle and tension.

• Stuttering is thought to have genetic factors and can be influenced by environmental factors such as parental reactions to disfluencies.

• Twin studies suggest that genes account for much of stuttering.

• Indirect therapy aims to change the environment to make it more conducive to fluent speech, while direct therapy targets the child's aberrant speech behaviors.

• Fluency shaping therapy focuses on increasing fluency and slowing speaking rate, while stuttering modification therapy focuses on modifying stuttering movements and reducing fear and avoidance behaviors.

• Vocal nodules and polyps are common types of voice disorders with different causes and structures.

• Perceptual rating scales such as VHI, CAPE-V, and VRQOL can provide valuable insight into the experience of a voice disorder.

• Vocal hygiene and tracheoesophageal puncture are examples of voice treatments, while laryngectomy, artificial larynx, and esophageal speech are examples of alaryngeal speech options.

• Electronic devices such as SpeechEasy can manipulate auditory feedback and alleviate stuttering for some clients.Overview of Laryngeal Speech Techniques and Medical Management

• Individuals who have undergone a laryngectomy require laryngeal speech techniques to communicate.

• The artificial larynx is a hand-held device placed on the neck or cheek to transmit sound through tissues to make a sound.

• The LSVT program is designed for individuals with Parkinson's disease affecting their voice.

• The program involves intense vocal exercises to improve vocal loudness, quality of breath, and breath support.

• Laryngectomy is a medical management procedure that involves the removal of the larynx due to cancerous cells.

• Unilateral vocal fold paralysis or weakness can cause breathiness, hoarseness, and reduced vocal loudness.

• Thyroplasty is a medical management procedure that alters the position of the cartilage in the larynx to improve voice function.

• Thyroplasty is used to treat unilateral vocal fold paralysis or weakness.

• The purpose of thyroplasty is to improve voice quality, breath support, and vocal loudness.

• Laryngeal speech techniques are necessary for individuals who have undergone a laryngectomy to communicate effectively.

• Laryngeal speech techniques include the use of an artificial larynx, esophageal speech, and tracheoesophageal puncture.

• The use of laryngeal speech techniques requires training and practice to produce a clear and understandable voice.