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Questions and Answers
What does the queen's reprimand predict in the given scenario?
What does the queen's reprimand predict in the given scenario?
What year was the extract from John Corbett's work published?
What year was the extract from John Corbett's work published?
How does pragmatics differ from discourse analysis?
How does pragmatics differ from discourse analysis?
Which organization did Neil Murray's extract appear in?
Which organization did Neil Murray's extract appear in?
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What is the cooperative principle in pragmatics?
What is the cooperative principle in pragmatics?
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What issue does the politeness principle address in conversational interactions?
What issue does the politeness principle address in conversational interactions?
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What is the primary focus of Hofstede's work mentioned in the content?
What is the primary focus of Hofstede's work mentioned in the content?
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What does corpus linguistics analyze?
What does corpus linguistics analyze?
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Which publication warns about the immigration of Romanians and Bulgarians to Britain?
Which publication warns about the immigration of Romanians and Bulgarians to Britain?
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Who are the authors of Touchstone Level 2 mentioned in the content?
Who are the authors of Touchstone Level 2 mentioned in the content?
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Which factors can corpus analysis investigate?
Which factors can corpus analysis investigate?
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What insight has corpus linguistics provided regarding language?
What insight has corpus linguistics provided regarding language?
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What kind of variation is explored by Flöck and Geluykens in their extract?
What kind of variation is explored by Flöck and Geluykens in their extract?
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Which extract is related to a Scottish political context?
Which extract is related to a Scottish political context?
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How can the politeness principle be characterized?
How can the politeness principle be characterized?
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What is the primary function of the acknowledgments section in the content?
What is the primary function of the acknowledgments section in the content?
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What is meant by 'preference structure' in adjacency pairs?
What is meant by 'preference structure' in adjacency pairs?
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Which of the following is a preferred response to a greeting?
Which of the following is a preferred response to a greeting?
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In the context of adjacency pairs, what type of response does a complaint usually receive?
In the context of adjacency pairs, what type of response does a complaint usually receive?
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Which of the following best illustrates a pre-sequence?
Which of the following best illustrates a pre-sequence?
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What describes a dispreferred response in adjacency pairs?
What describes a dispreferred response in adjacency pairs?
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In the email exchange example, what is the preferred response to the invitation?
In the email exchange example, what is the preferred response to the invitation?
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What implication does the husband’s response carry when asked to check the potatoes?
What implication does the husband’s response carry when asked to check the potatoes?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of pre-sequence mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of pre-sequence mentioned?
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What type of speech act is represented by the statement 'I’ll love you, dear, I’ll love you/Till China and Africa meet'?
What type of speech act is represented by the statement 'I’ll love you, dear, I’ll love you/Till China and Africa meet'?
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Which of the following acts is categorized as a directive?
Which of the following acts is categorized as a directive?
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Which speech act best describes the phrase 'Tut mir furchtbar leid wegen der Sache mit Toni'?
Which speech act best describes the phrase 'Tut mir furchtbar leid wegen der Sache mit Toni'?
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What does the phrase 'From ghoulies and ghosties and long-leggety beasties' exemplify?
What does the phrase 'From ghoulies and ghosties and long-leggety beasties' exemplify?
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What type of speech act is illustrated by the statement 'Macbeth shall never vanquished be'?
What type of speech act is illustrated by the statement 'Macbeth shall never vanquished be'?
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Which of the following statements represents a commissive act?
Which of the following statements represents a commissive act?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an expressive act?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an expressive act?
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Which option best describes the act of 'I think; therefore I am'?
Which option best describes the act of 'I think; therefore I am'?
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What type of speech act did Mae West use when she invited an admirer?
What type of speech act did Mae West use when she invited an admirer?
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What does indirectness often signify in English speaking cultures?
What does indirectness often signify in English speaking cultures?
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What is a common linguistic feature used in polite directives?
What is a common linguistic feature used in polite directives?
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In the example of the sign in restaurants, what speech act does it utilize?
In the example of the sign in restaurants, what speech act does it utilize?
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What can influence a speaker's choice to use indirect directives?
What can influence a speaker's choice to use indirect directives?
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In the example from 'Dealer’s Choice', what was the young woman's status in relation to Mr. Marlowe?
In the example from 'Dealer’s Choice', what was the young woman's status in relation to Mr. Marlowe?
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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the use of indirect speech acts?
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the use of indirect speech acts?
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What is a significant factor that typically makes less dominant speakers use indirectness?
What is a significant factor that typically makes less dominant speakers use indirectness?
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Study Notes
Speech Acts
- Speech acts are actions performed by speakers through their utterances.
- There are five main types of speech acts: Representatives, Commissives, Directives, Expressives, and Declarations.
Representatives
- Representatives are acts where the speaker states what they believe to be the case.
- Examples include describing, claiming, hypothesising, insisting, and predicting.
Commissives
- Commissives are speech acts involving the speaker committing to future action.
- Examples include promising, offering, threatening, refusing, and vowing.
Directives
- Directives aim to get the hearer to do something.
- Examples include commanding, requesting, inviting, forbidding, and suggesting.
Expressives
- Expressives convey the speaker's feelings about something.
- Examples include apologising, praising, congratulating, deploring, and regretting.
Declarations
- Declarations are speech acts that change the state of affairs in the world.
- Examples include declaring war, christening a ship, and sentencing someone.
Pragmatics
- Pragmatics examines the social principles of discourse.
- It explains how speakers use language to achieve their goals.
- It examines how speakers use language to cooperate with one another and be socially acceptable.
Cooperative Principle
- This principle describes the unwritten maxims of interaction that speakers follow in order to cooperate with each other.
- These include being relevant, precise, clear, and sincere.
Politeness Principle
- This principle states that speakers aim to avoid causing offense to others.
- Indirectness is often used to soften requests and avoid face-threatening behavior.
Adjacency Pairs
- Adjacency pairs are two-part utterances where the first part creates an expectation of a particular second part.
- Examples include:
- question - answer
- offer - acceptance
- invitation - acceptance
- assessment - agreement
- proposal - agreement
- greeting - greeting
- complaint - apology
- blame - denial
Corpus Linguistics
- It involves the analysis of large electronic databases of naturally occurring spoken and written text.
- It enables the discovery of recurring patterns of language use.
- It provides a data-driven approach to language analysis.
Indirect Speech Acts
- These are speech acts where the speaker’s intended meaning is different from the literal meaning of the words used.
- Indirect speech acts are often used to be polite, especially in formal contexts or with people the speaker is not familiar with.
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of speech acts, including Representatives, Commissives, Directives, Expressives, and Declarations. Each category features examples and explanations to help you understand their functions in communication. Test your knowledge and see how well you grasp these essential concepts in linguistics.
