Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT typically used for diagnostic purposes?
Which of the following is NOT typically used for diagnostic purposes?
- Urine sample
- Hair sample (correct)
- Arterial blood sample
- Semen sample
What is the MOST frequent body fluid used for analytical purposes?
What is the MOST frequent body fluid used for analytical purposes?
- Urine
- Blood (correct)
- Saliva
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Which of the following is a general procedure for obtaining blood?
Which of the following is a general procedure for obtaining blood?
- Thoracentesis
- Skin puncture (correct)
- Paracentesis
- Lumbar puncture
What is the primary source of specimens for clinical laboratory analysis?
What is the primary source of specimens for clinical laboratory analysis?
Before performing a venous puncture, what must the technician ensure to gain from the patient?
Before performing a venous puncture, what must the technician ensure to gain from the patient?
What information from the blood request from should be recorded on specimen labels?
What information from the blood request from should be recorded on specimen labels?
What is the most common vein used for venipuncture?
What is the most common vein used for venipuncture?
What is the first choice artery for arterial puncture?
What is the first choice artery for arterial puncture?
For which patient group is the heel commonly used as a site for skin puncture?
For which patient group is the heel commonly used as a site for skin puncture?
Which of the following is a common use for skin puncture?
Which of the following is a common use for skin puncture?
Which of the following tubes contains Na citrate to prevent coagulation in the sample?
Which of the following tubes contains Na citrate to prevent coagulation in the sample?
What does the blood glucose tube contain to prevent glucose consumption?
What does the blood glucose tube contain to prevent glucose consumption?
What additive is found in tubes used for Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)?
What additive is found in tubes used for Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)?
Which tube type is used to accelerate blood coagulation for serum samples in emergency situations?
Which tube type is used to accelerate blood coagulation for serum samples in emergency situations?
What is the purpose of using pre-heparinized syringes in arterial puncture?
What is the purpose of using pre-heparinized syringes in arterial puncture?
A patient is required to fast for 13 hours before blood collection. Which test is MOST likely being performed?
A patient is required to fast for 13 hours before blood collection. Which test is MOST likely being performed?
What is the MOST critical step immediately after inserting the needle during venipuncture, but before withdrawing blood?
What is the MOST critical step immediately after inserting the needle during venipuncture, but before withdrawing blood?
Which of the following sample types would be MOST appropriate for diagnosing a protozoal infection?
Which of the following sample types would be MOST appropriate for diagnosing a protozoal infection?
If a patient has a suspected central nervous system (CNS) disease, which type of fluid sample is MOST likely to be collected?
If a patient has a suspected central nervous system (CNS) disease, which type of fluid sample is MOST likely to be collected?
Why are tubes for coagulation studies filled first?
Why are tubes for coagulation studies filled first?
What type of sample is MOST suitable when investigating wound infections?
What type of sample is MOST suitable when investigating wound infections?
What is the MAIN purpose of the dermis puncture in sample collection?
What is the MAIN purpose of the dermis puncture in sample collection?
Which of these factors has the LEAST influence on the choice of antiseptic used for cleaning the venipuncture site?
Which of these factors has the LEAST influence on the choice of antiseptic used for cleaning the venipuncture site?
Before arterial puncture, it is critical to perform an Allen's test. What does Allen's test assess?
Before arterial puncture, it is critical to perform an Allen's test. What does Allen's test assess?
What is the rationale behind using a tourniquet during venipuncture?
What is the rationale behind using a tourniquet during venipuncture?
What's the MOST LIKELY consequence of repeatedly probing when trying to locate a vein during venipuncture?
What's the MOST LIKELY consequence of repeatedly probing when trying to locate a vein during venipuncture?
After centrifuging a blood sample, you notice that the serum is hemolyzed (pink/reddish). Which parameter is MOST affected by this condition?
After centrifuging a blood sample, you notice that the serum is hemolyzed (pink/reddish). Which parameter is MOST affected by this condition?
A phlebotomist accidentally pierces through a patient's vein during venipuncture, causing significant bleeding into the surrounding tissue. Which immediate action is MOST appropriate?
A phlebotomist accidentally pierces through a patient's vein during venipuncture, causing significant bleeding into the surrounding tissue. Which immediate action is MOST appropriate?
A phlebotomist is having trouble collecting blood from a patient with small, fragile veins. Despite several attempts, only a tiny amount of blood is obtained, barely enough for the required tests. Which of the following is the LEAST appropriate course of action?
A phlebotomist is having trouble collecting blood from a patient with small, fragile veins. Despite several attempts, only a tiny amount of blood is obtained, barely enough for the required tests. Which of the following is the LEAST appropriate course of action?
Flashcards
Human Samples
Human Samples
Samples taken from patients to aid diagnosis
Types of human samples?
Types of human samples?
Blood, urine, semen, CSF
Blood
Blood
Blood is the most frequent body fluid for analytical purposes.
Blood Sample Procedures
Blood Sample Procedures
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Venous Puncture
Venous Puncture
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Fasting Time for Blood Glucose?
Fasting Time for Blood Glucose?
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Fasting Time for Lipid Profile?
Fasting Time for Lipid Profile?
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Venous Puncture
Venous Puncture
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Most common vein for blood draw?
Most common vein for blood draw?
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Sodium Citrate
Sodium Citrate
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Fluoride
Fluoride
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EDTA
EDTA
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Plain tube
Plain tube
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Arterial puncture
Arterial puncture
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Arterial puncture
Arterial puncture
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Skin
Skin
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Study Notes
- The lecture covers specimen collection and processing, including types of human samples, blood sample types and collection techniques, and blood collection tubes.
- Taking samples are based on diagnosis.
Types of Human Samples
- Blood samples are taken.
- Urine samples are taken, specifically in cases of urinary tract infections (UTI).
- Semen samples are collected in sterility cases.
- Fluid samples, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), are taken in cases of central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
- Swabs are used for wound infections.
- Stool samples are used for protozoal diagnosis.
Blood Samples
- Blood is frequently used for analytical purposes.
- The three general procedures for obtaining blood include skin puncture, venous puncture, and arterial puncture.
Venous Puncture
- Venous puncture is the primary source of specimens for clinical laboratories.
Technique for Venous Puncture
- The first step is equipment preparation.
- The second step is patient condition; patients are asked to fast for certain analyses.
- Patients must fast 6-8 hours for a blood glucose test.
- Patients must fast 12-14 hours for a lipid profile test.
- The technician must gain the patient's confidence and reassure them that the venipuncture will be slightly painful and of short duration.
- The technician needs to record information
- Information given on the blood request form should be recorded on the specimen labels,.
- Essential items must include the patients' full name, age, and tests to be done.
- Identify which vein to use, the most common vein is the median cubital vein
Arterial Puncture
- Pre-heparinized syringes are used.
- The radial artery is the first choice due to its small size.
Skin Puncture
- Skin puncture sites are the finger for adults and the heel for infants.
- Puncturing the dermis layer gives access to the capillary beds.
- Skin punctures check blood sugar.
- Skin punctures evaluate thyroid function in newborns.
Tubes Used in Blood Collection
- Tubes containing Na citrate prevent coagulation in samples for coagulation profiles.
- Plain tubes with no chemical additives allow coagulation and separation of blood cells from plasma used for the estimation of urea and uric acid in serum.
- CBC tubes contain EDTA to prevent blood coagulation and preserve the shape of blood cells.
- Blood glucose tubes contain fluoride, which prevents glucose consumption by inhibiting enolase enzyme action.
- Heparin tubes are used for arterial blood gas (ABG) tests.
- Gel tubes accelerate blood coagulation for serum samples in emergencies.
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