Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does 'DSM-5' stand for, and in what context is it used?
What does 'DSM-5' stand for, and in what context is it used?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders; it is used in the context of understanding special education and categories of exceptionalities.
If a student is described as having cognitive difficulties, what broad area of challenges does this imply?
If a student is described as having cognitive difficulties, what broad area of challenges does this imply?
It implies challenges related to learning and processing information.
Explain the phrase 'specific learning disability' in your own words.
Explain the phrase 'specific learning disability' in your own words.
A specific learning disability refers to a difficulty in one or more academic areas, such as reading, writing, or math, despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunities.
How can the academic performance of a student with a specific learning problem be characterized compared to what is expected for their age?
How can the academic performance of a student with a specific learning problem be characterized compared to what is expected for their age?
Give an example of how dyslexia may manifest itself in a student's reading and spelling abilities.
Give an example of how dyslexia may manifest itself in a student's reading and spelling abilities.
What is the main challenge faced by students with dyscalculia?
What is the main challenge faced by students with dyscalculia?
Which region of the brain is known to be affected in individuals with dyscalculia, impacting math facts and operations?
Which region of the brain is known to be affected in individuals with dyscalculia, impacting math facts and operations?
Describe how dysgraphia affects a person's ability to write.
Describe how dysgraphia affects a person's ability to write.
In what ways might dyspraxia present challenges for an individual?
In what ways might dyspraxia present challenges for an individual?
How does the term 'learning disability' relate to specific learning problems?
How does the term 'learning disability' relate to specific learning problems?
Explain how a student with dyslexia might struggle with the 'recency effect' when reading.
Explain how a student with dyslexia might struggle with the 'recency effect' when reading.
What specific challenges might a student with dyscalculia face when dealing with basic arithmetic skills?
What specific challenges might a student with dyscalculia face when dealing with basic arithmetic skills?
If a student consistently spells words phonetically, even when it results in incorrect spellings, which specific learning disability might they have?
If a student consistently spells words phonetically, even when it results in incorrect spellings, which specific learning disability might they have?
A student has significant difficulties with tasks involving fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and speech. Which learning disability might be the cause?
A student has significant difficulties with tasks involving fine motor skills, gross motor skills, and speech. Which learning disability might be the cause?
How could difficulties in associating letters to corresponding sounds affect a child's reading ability?
How could difficulties in associating letters to corresponding sounds affect a child's reading ability?
What are some of the consistent features of writing produced by someone with dysgraphia?
What are some of the consistent features of writing produced by someone with dysgraphia?
How does dyscalculia affect a child's understanding of 'number-object equivalence'?
How does dyscalculia affect a child's understanding of 'number-object equivalence'?
Describe a scenario where a student's difficulties clearly indicate a specific learning disability rather than a lack of general intelligence.
Describe a scenario where a student's difficulties clearly indicate a specific learning disability rather than a lack of general intelligence.
What strategies might a teacher use to support a student with dyslexia who struggles with the recency effect during reading activities?
What strategies might a teacher use to support a student with dyslexia who struggles with the recency effect during reading activities?
How can understanding the specific brain areas affected by dyscalculia inform teaching strategies for mathematics?
How can understanding the specific brain areas affected by dyscalculia inform teaching strategies for mathematics?
Flashcards
What is DSM-5?
What is DSM-5?
A manual used for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.
What is Dyslexia?
What is Dyslexia?
Difficulties in reading.
What is Dyscalculia?
What is Dyscalculia?
Difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts.
What is Dysgraphia?
What is Dysgraphia?
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What is Dyspraxia?
What is Dyspraxia?
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What is a learning disability?
What is a learning disability?
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What is Specific Learning Disabilities?
What is Specific Learning Disabilities?
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Study Notes
Categories of Exceptionalities
- DSM-5 is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders
Cognitive and Academic Difficulties
- Cognitive or academic difficulties involve struggles in learning despite an individual's effort
Specific Learning Disability (SLD)
- Difficulty in a certain learning area does not mean an individual cannot learn it or other things
- A specific learning problem combined with underperformance leads to low achievement when what is expected at the given age is higher.
- Specific learning problems include challenges with:
- Reading
- Math
- Writing
- Motor skills
Dyslexia
- Dyslexia leads to difficulties in reading
- The "recency effect" occurs, confusing "pat" with "tap"
- There are problems associating letters to corresponding sounds
- Words are often spelled phonetically, such as "Stik" for "Stick" and "Frens" for "Friends"
Dyscalculia
- Dyscalculia leads to difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts
- Dysfunctions in the parietal lobe can impair math facts and operations
- There are problems with:
- Counting
- Number-object equivalence
- Math facts
- Comparing numbers
- Problems can manifest in even very basic arithmetic skills
Dysgraphia
- Dysgraphia leads to difficulties in writing
- Characteristics include:
- Illegible handwriting
- Irregular letter formation
- Inconsistent writing
Dyspraxia
- Dyspraxia leads to difficulties in motor skills
- Manifests in challenges with fine and gross motor skills, and speech
Learning Disability
- Learning Disability is a general term for specific learning problems
- Includes:
- Dyslexia
- Dyscalculia
- Dysgraphia
- Dyspraxia
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