Specific Gravity and Fluid Properties

What is the definition of specific weight or weight density of a fluid?

The weight per unit volume of fluid

What is the property of a fluid that allows it to change its volume under pressure?

Compressibility

What is the formula to calculate the shear stress in a fluid?

Shear stress (τ) = µ ∂u/∂y

What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion in a fluid?

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same kind, while adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different kinds or between a fluid and a solid. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a non-Newtonian fluid?

Shear stress is not proportional to the rate of shear strain or velocity gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of specific volume of a fluid?

m3/Kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the working of a bourdon tube pressure gauge?

The principle is that when the pressure inside the tube is greater than the outside pressure, the tube tends to straighten out, thus operating a simple pinion and sector arrangement and turning the pointer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an inverted U-tube manometer?

It is used to estimate the pressure difference between two points in the same pipe or in different pipes. Signup and view all the answers

What is total pressure, and how does it act on a surface?

Total pressure is the force exerted by a static fluid on a surface, and it always acts normal to the surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for an inverted U-tube manometer to function correctly?

The manometric fluid must be lighter than the working fluid in the pipe or pipes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the center of pressure in a static fluid?

It is the point of application of the total pressure on the surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the density of the manometric liquid (ρm) in an inverted U-tube manometer?

It is used in the calculation of the total pressure on an immersed surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for total pressure force on a surface immersed in a static liquid?

P = ρ g a ħ = w a ħ Signup and view all the answers

Does the orientation of the immersed surface affect the total pressure force on it?

No Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for a body to float on the surface of a liquid?

The upthrust of the liquid on the body must be greater than the gravitational force on the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the resultant upward pressure of a liquid on a body that is floating?

Buoyancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure intensity at different points on a surface immersed in a static liquid?

The pressure intensity is the same at every point Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the gravitational force on a body placed in a liquid?

Downward Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for total pressure force (P) in a fluid, and what does 'h' represent in that formula?

P = ρ g a ħ, where 'h' represents the height of the fluid column. Signup and view all the answers

What is Archimedes' Principle, and what does it state about the buoyant force experienced by a partially or totally immersed body?

Archimedes' Principle states that the buoyant force (upthrust) experienced by a body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Signup and view all the answers

What is metacenter, and what is its significance in the context of a floating body?

Metacenter is the point about which a floating body starts oscillating when given a small angular displacement. Signup and view all the answers

What is metacentric height, and how is it related to the center of gravity of a floating body?

Metacentric height is the distance between the center of gravity of a floating body and the metacenter. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three conditions of equilibrium for a floating body, and what characterizes each condition?

The three conditions are stable equilibrium, unstable equilibrium, and neutral equilibrium, characterized by the body returning to its initial position, moving further away from its initial position, or remaining in its new position, respectively, after a small disturbance. Signup and view all the answers

What is stable equilibrium, and what is the characteristic of a body in this state?

Stable equilibrium occurs when a small tilt to a floating body results in a righting couple that brings the body back to its initial position. Signup and view all the answers

What is specific gravity, and how is it calculated for liquids and gases?

Specific gravity is the density of a substance divided by the density of another substance, typically water for liquids and air for gases. For liquids, Specific Gravity (S) = Density of liquid / Density of water. For gases, Specific Gravity (S) = Density of gas / Density of air. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity?

Dynamic viscosity is the property of a fluid that offers resistance to movement of one layer of fluid over another adjacent layer of fluid. Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the density of the fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is Newton's law of viscosity, and how is it mathematically represented?

Newton's law of viscosity states that the shear force (F) acting between two layers of fluid is proportional to the difference in their velocities (du) and area (A), and inversely proportional to the distance (dy) between them. Mathematically, F = du * A / dy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mass density and specific weight?

Mass density is the mass of a substance per unit volume, whereas specific weight is the weight of a substance per unit volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of density, and what is the density of water?

The unit of density is Kg/m3, and the density of water is 1000 Kg/m3. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a fluid, and what are the two main categories of fluids?

A fluid is a substance that has the capacity to flow, and it can be either a liquid or a gas. Signup and view all the answers