Speciation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does population ecology study?

  • Traits of organisms and how they contribute to a specie's life history
  • The study of life and natural systems
  • All of the organisms of a single species within a given geographic area (correct)
  • The interaction between biotic and abiotic factors in a geographic area

What is the difference between an ecosystem and a habitat?

  • Ecosystems include both biotic and abiotic components, while habitats are places suitable for particular organisms to live (correct)
  • Ecosystems are restricted by size, while habitats are not
  • Ecosystems are dynamic, while habitats are static
  • Habitats focus on traits of organisms, while ecosystems focus on interactions between organisms

What determines the niche of an animal within its ecosystem?

  • Feeding habits and other adaptations (correct)
  • Climate and pollution
  • Population density and numbers of individuals
  • Size and restrictions of the environment

What are density-dependent factors within an ecosystem?

<p>Disease, predation, competition for resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern of biosphere ecology?

<p>All living organisms on Earth and how they affect the planet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of speciation occurs when a population is reproductively isolated due to a geographical change?

<p>Allopatric speciation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the formation of a new species if an isolated population has new environmental conditions and new traits emerge?

<p>Environmental adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which mechanism do the barriers preventing populations from mating become stronger, leading to the inability to produce fertile offspring?

<p>Reinforcement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What refers to the choices that individuals make to mate based on traits possessed by the other individual?

<p>Sexual selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do populations evolve to find different traits favorable, if separated geographically?

<p>When selective pressures cause a divide between the organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a food web, what do producers represent?

<p>Organisms that create their own food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are primary consumers positioned in a food chain?

<p>First trophic level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow of energy through trophic levels generally like?

<p>Upward from the lowest trophic level to the highest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?

<p>Representation of interconnected interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are classified as secondary consumers in an ecosystem?

<p>Carnivores and omnivores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do quaternary consumers primarily feed on in an ecosystem?

<p>Other consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be modeled using knowledge of food chains and food webs?

<p>Flow of energy through ecosystems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next?

<p>10% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biotic potential refer to?

<p>The rate at which a species reproduces with ideal living conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What establishes the carrying capacity of a species?

<p>The environmental resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be attributed to environmental resistance in a population?

<p>The factors that limit the growth of a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the carrying capacity of an ecosystem represent?

<p>The maximum number of living organisms that an environment can support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of limiting factors in an ecosystem?

<p>The availability of food, water, and shelter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sustainability of an ecosystem depend on?

<p>The community of animals, plants, and other organisms that live in the same area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can reduce the maximum carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

<p>Limiting factors such as the availability of food, water, and shelter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may sustain a larger population?

<p>Nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of symbiosis benefits one species without helping or harming the other?

<p>Commensalism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the evolutionary development of animal behavior as a result of ecological pressure called?

<p>Behavioral ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defense of resources within a territory known as?

<p>Territoriality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is unlikely to support large population sizes compared to temperate climates?

<p>Extreme climates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of symbiosis benefits both organisms involved?

<p>Mutualism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may hurt one or both of the populations competing for resources?

<p>Competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason animals defend a territory?

<p>To secure limited resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In social groups, what is a potential drawback related to living in groups?

<p>Higher risk of disease spread (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is illustrated by the preference to donate a kidney to a closely related individual?

<p>Kin selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does social behavior such as altruism tend to increase?

<p>Reproductive rates of individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influences the selection of mating partners and production of offspring?

<p>Environmental pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct reflection of the most beneficial traits in a specific environment?

<p>Mating preferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the strongest chance at survival in species that practice social child raising?

<p>Social child raising (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governs the actions of many individuals and tends to increase the survival and reproductive rates of individuals and groups?

<p>Altruism and kin selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does alpha diversity measure in an ecosystem?

<p>The number of species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic biodiversity primarily concerned with?

<p>Genomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ecological biodiversity interested in?

<p>The number of ecosystem types within a landscape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gamma diversity consider?

<p>The total number of species across all ecosystems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'biodiversity' often measured at?

<p>Different levels and scales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do stable ecosystems with high diversity have an abundance of to fill ecological roles?

<p>Species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of researchers studying genetic biodiversity?

<p>Genomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ecological diversity break up environments into?

<p>Independent microclimates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when one organism declines or goes extinct in stable, highly diverse ecosystems?

<p>A similar species will provide its ecosystem function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biodiversity refer to?

<p>The wide variety of flora and fauna in an environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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