Specialisation in Plant Cells

Questions and Answers

To protect the epidermis from water loss

To transport nutrients through the soil

To support the structure of the plant

To absorb sunlight through chloroplasts (correct)

They have thick walls for strength

They contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis

They have a large surface area (correct)

They transport nutrients through active transport

They contain large amounts of chlorophyll

They transport water in one direction only (correct)

They are alive and contain cytoplasm

They are responsible for gas exchange

<p>They open and close the stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lignin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Specialised cells are designed to perform specific functions effectively.
Cell differentiation allows for the development of various cell types with unique structures and roles.
The waxy cuticle layer protects epidermis cells from water loss and environmental hazards.
Different cell layers in plants may have varied functions and structures.
Many plant cells, such as those in roots, do not contain chloroplasts as they are not involved in photosynthesis.
Guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata, controlling gas exchange and water loss.
Some plants possess enzymes in specialized cells to digest insects for nutrient absorption.
Palisade mesophyll cells are densely packed with chloroplasts, maximizing sunlight absorption for photosynthesis.

Root hair cells facilitate the absorption of water from the soil via osmosis.
These cells have an extensive surface area to enhance water and nutrient uptake.
High numbers of mitochondria within root hair cells provide the energy needed for nutrient transport.

Xylem tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
The process of moving water in the xylem is referred to as transpiration.
Xylem cells lack cytoplasm and nuclei, allowing for unobstructed water flow.
Comprised of dead cells, xylem transports water in one direction only (upwards).
There are no walls between xylem cells, facilitating efficient water movement.
Thickened walls contain lignin, which strengthens xylem structure and supports plant stature.