Cell Specialization and Extracellular Matrix

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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of cellular specialization?

To differentiate cells by shape only

To enable cells to gain a specific function (correct)

To ensure all cells become identical

To increase the number of stem cells

Which of the following components primarily constitute the extracellular matrix in animals?

Proteins and lipids

Chlorophyll and cellulose

Proteins and carbohydrates (correct)

Carbohydrates and nucleic acids

What is one of the functions of the extracellular matrix?

Gene expression regulation in stem cells

Managing the energy production in cells

Protecting cells from microorganisms (correct)

Providing a medium for nucleic acid synthesis

Which statement is true about the differences between animal and plant extracellular matrices?

Plant ECM is mainly composed of carbohydrates, while animal ECM is mainly composed of proteins. Signup and view all the answers

How does the extracellular matrix influence tissue properties?

By impacting the mechanical and functional properties of tissues and cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell walls are found in dicots and some monocots?

Type I cell walls Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the dynamic nature of the extracellular matrix?

It allows for constant communication between cells and their environment. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the structure of the extracellular matrix?

It can vary in form from liquid to solid depending on the tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Quel processus permet à une cellule d'acquérir une fonction spécifique chez un organisme multicellulaire?

Différenciation cellulaire Signup and view all the answers

Quelle affirmation décrit le mieux l'extracellular matrix (ECM) chez les plantes?

L'ECM est principalement composé de pectine et cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

Comment l'ECM affecte-t-il la structure des tissus?

Il fournit un soutien structurel et permet l'adhésion des cellules. Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est l'une des principales différences entre l'ECM des animaux et celui des plantes?

L'ECM des plantes est principalement composé de glucides. Signup and view all the answers

Parmi ces fonctions, laquelle n'est pas associée à l'ECM?

Régulation de la température corporelle. Signup and view all the answers

Quel type de paroi cellulaire est principalement trouvé dans les dicotylédones?

Type I Signup and view all the answers

Quelle caractéristique décrit le mieux l'ECM?

Il est un système de communication dynamique entre cellules. Signup and view all the answers

Quel élément de l'ECM offre une protection aux cellules?

Collagène Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Specialization

Human cells are not identical, showing specialization in form, organelles and molecules
Humans have approximately 30,000 billion cells, with over 200 types
Cell specialization is a process allowing cells to perform specific functions
Specialized cells have the same genetic information, but controlled gene expression differentiates them

Extracellular Matrix

Cells in tissues are surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM)
ECM is made of macromolecules (large molecules) linking together like carbohydrates and proteins
These are secreted and created by the cells—can be liquid, gelatinous or solid
Animal tissues have different ECM—different properties for each tissue
Plant cell walls are primarily pectin and cellulose (pectocellulosic walls)
Types of cell walls exist in plants—type I found in dicots and some monocots—type II found in monocots and grasses
Plant ECM is primarily carbohydrates, while animal ECM is more made up of proteins
ECM functions include cell adhesion, creating tissue structure, interaction with molecules, a communication system in cells, and protection from microbes
ECM is a dynamic structure, constantly being built and broken down throughout an organism's life.

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Description

Explore the fascinating differences in cell specialization among human and plant cells. This quiz delves into the functions and properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its role in tissue structure. Additionally, learn about the composition of plant cell walls and the variety of ECMs in animal tissues.